Hodgson, Julian; (2018) Editing Fluid Simulations with Jet Particles. Doctoral thesis (Ph.D), UCL (University College London).

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Abstract

Fluid simulation is an important topic in computer graphics in the pursuit of adding realism to films, video games and virtual environments. The results of a fluid simulation are hard to edit in a way that provide a physically plausible solution. Edits need to preserve the incompressibility condition in order to create natural looking water and smoke simulations. In this thesis we present an approach that allows a simple artist-friendly interface for designing and editing complex fluid-like flows that are guaranteed to be incompressible in two and three dimensions. Key to our method is a formulation for the design of flows using jet particles. Jet particles are Lagrangian solutions to a regularised form of Euler’s equations, and their velocity fields are divergence-free which motivates their use in computer graphics. We constrain their dynamics to design divergence-free flows and utilise them effectively in a modern visual effects pipeline. Using just a handful of jet particles we produce visually convincing flows that implicitly satisfy the incompressibility condition. We demonstrate an interactive tool in two dimensions for designing a range of divergence-free deformations. Further we describe methods to couple these flows with existing simulations in order to give the artist creative control beyond the initial outcome. We present examples of local temporal edits to smoke simulations in 2D and 3D. The resulting methods provide promising new ways to design and edit fluid-like deformations and to create general deformations in 3D modelling. We show how to represent existing divergence-free velocity fields using jet particles, and design new vector fields for use in fluid control applications. Finally we provide an efficient implementation for deforming grids, meshes, volumes, level sets, vectors and tensors, given a jet particle flow.

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