[Children and families] SN: Includes children, young people and their family relations. NT: Adolescent development Adolescents Birth season Child abuse Child care Child custody Child development Child health Child labour Child psychiatry Child rearing Child welfare Children Children's games Children's problems Children's rights Families Family relations Psychosocial risk Youth Youth employment Youth work [Cognition and learning] SN: Covers brain processes which include learning, thinking, perception and skill. NT: Cognition [Curriculum, courses and organisation] SN: Includes all aspects of the curriculum. Also covers educational management, school improvement, admission and attendance. NT: Administration of education Courses Curriculum [Educational organisations] SN: Includes all types of educational institution, and bodies concerned with various aspects of education. NT: Diploma mills Educational institutions Examining bodies International educational bodies National educational bodies Regional educational bodies Scientific institutions Student organisations Voluntary educational bodies [Evaluation and assessment] SN: Includes evaluation and quality in educational and non-educational contexts. NT: Educational assessment Evaluation Forecasting Indicators Quality control Standardisation [Form terms] SN: A form term describes the form of a work, rather than its content. NT: Anthologies Assembly books Audiovisual aids Baines Bibliographies Biographies Brooke BSA Case studies Childhood reminiscences Children's books Classroom observation Comparative studies Conferences Constitution Consumer guides Curriculum statements Dictionaries Directories Dissertations Encyclopaedias Examination papers Forecasts Grenfell Guides Hans Historical documents History of education documents INSET materials Inspectors' reports Lists Literature reviews Longitudinal studies Mathematical tables Microforms Musical scores Novels Periodicals Personal observations Photographs Pictures Plays Poems Publications Puzzles Regulations Reports School histories School magazines School textbooks Secondary documents Short stories Staffco Standards (specifications) Statistical data Statistics of education Syllabuses Thesauri Theses University and college histories Youth employment projects [Former states and territories] BT: [Geographical locations] NT: Czechoslovakia Former Soviet republics Germany (Democratic Republic) Germany (Federal Republic) Gilbert and Ellice Islands Serbia and Montenegro Soviet Union Western Samoa Yemen (Arab Republic) Yemen (People's Democratic Republic) Yugoslavia Zanzibar [Geographical locations] SN: Only locations on which material has been collected are included. NT: [Former states and territories] Africa Americas Arab countries Asia Australasia Commonwealth of Nations Communist countries Developing countries Europe Islamic countries Islands Mediterranean countries Middle East Occupied territories Pacific Polar regions Small states [Health and illness] SN: Includes disabilities and health promotion. NT: Health [Human needs and recreation] SN: Includes basic needs and leisure. NT: Human needs [Humanities as a branch of learning] SN: Includes the arts, history, linguistics, literature and philosophies. NT: Humanities [Information and communication technology] SN: Includes computers, the Internet, and mobile technology. NT: Information technology [Interaction between education and its social context] SN: Includes aspects of society and their interaction with the educational world. Also covers theoretical approaches to education. NT: Cooperation in education Education Educational opportunity Educational population Educational systems Gender and education Home education Mobility in education Out of school education Religion and education Traditional education [Labour and employment] SN: Includes staff development and training. NT: Employment Industrial relations Labour Personnel Staff development Training Work experience [Language and language development] SN: All aspects of language, spoken and written. NT: Language [Languages and language groups] SN: Only languages on which material has been collected are included. NT: Languages [Learners, teachers and educational personnel] SN: Includes administrative and other staff working in the education sector. NT: Educational personnel Pupils Students [Levels of educational systems] SN: From preschool to adult. NT: Levels of education [Literacy, reading and writing] SN: Includes illiteracy and reading problems. NT: Alphabets Illiteracy Literacy Phonics Readability Reading Reading habit Reading problems Reading programmes Reading promotion Real books approach Sight method Spelling Text Writing Writing systems Written language [Mathematics and numeracy] SN: Includes statistics. NT: Mathematics [Peoples and cultures] SN: Includes anthropology, culture and ethnic groups. Only ethnic groups on which material has been collected are included. NT: Anthropology Culture Customs and traditions Ethnic groups Hindus Minority groups Multiracial communities Muslims Nomads Race Travellers (itinerants) [Psychology and human development] SN: Includes theory and practice of psychology and child development. NT: Psychology [Research, information and theory] SN: Includes all aspects of research as well as specific research methods; also information and information literacy; and theory in general, as well as specific types of theory. NT: Analysis Information Research Theories Theory [Science as a branch of learning] SN: Includes technology as well as scientific disciplines and aspects of science.. NT: Science [Services, facilities and equipment] SN: Includes educational resources. NT: Educational resources Equipment Facilities Services [Social context for human activity] SN: Includes groups, concepts, problems and relationships in society. NT: Aims Communication Economic activity Groups Social action Social concepts Social context Social problems Social relationships [Social sciences as a branch of learning] SN: Includes administration, economics, geography, law, politics and sociology. NT: Social sciences [Special educational needs and learning difficulties] SN: Includes anything which might have an impact, temporary or permanent, on an individual's development or learning capacity. NT: Special educational needs [Subjects of instruction] SN: Curriculum subjects. The teaching and learning of recognised curricular and vocational areas of study. NT: Basic subjects General studies Health education Humanities education Integrated studies Mathematics education Practical skills education Prevocational education Science education Social science education Vocational education [Teaching and study] SN: Includes teaching methods, learning resources, study methods and achievement. NT: Achievement Class size Cognitive process instruction Computers in education Instructional design Instructional objectives Learning resources Learning support Outdoor education Peer tutoring Social psychology of education Sports coaching Study methods Teaching 3 R's USE: Basic subjects A level examinations UF: Advanced level examinations (A2) BT: Examinations RT: A level examinations (AS) Continuous assessment A level examinations (AS) UF: Advanced level examinations (AS) AS level examinations BT: Examinations RT: A level examinations Continuous assessment Abandoned children USE: Deserted children Abbreviations UF: Acronyms BT: Vocabulary RT: Mnemonics Spelling Synonyms Thesauri Ability SN: Present capacity to perform certain physical or mental operations BT: Cognition NT: Mathematical ability RT: Ability grouping Achievement Aptitude Competency based education Educability Human capital Intelligence Mastery learning Personal effectiveness Skill Teacher expectations Ability grouping SN: Differential grouping according to level of ability UF: Setting Streaming Tracking (ability grouping) BT: Grouping RT: Ability Aptitude Educability Educational segregation Intelligence Mixed ability grouping Abnormal psychology USE: Mental disorders Abolition of slavery USE: Slavery Aborigines SN: Ethnic group originally indigenous to Australia, from the pre-colonial period up to and including the present day. UF: Australian aborigines BT: Ethnic groups RT: Australia Minority groups Abortion UF: Termination of pregnancy BT: Reproduction RT: Birth rate Childbirth Death Death psychology Embryology Family planning Gynaecology Medical ethics Pregnancy Absenteeism USE: Attendance Absolutism USE: Totalitarianism Abstracting journals USE: Bibliographies Abused children USE: Child abuse Abyssinia USE: Ethiopia Academic achievement USE: Achievement Academic admission USE: Admission Academic boards USE: Administrative structure Academic ceremonies USE: Ceremonies Academic departments UF: Faculties (departments) BT: Administrative structure NT: Schools of education RT: Educational management Heads of departments School organisation Academic education BT: Curriculum RT: General education Intellectual disciplines Liberal education Sixth forms Technical education Unified curriculum Upper secondary education Vocational education Vocationalisation of education Academic exchanges USE: Educational exchanges Academic freedom BT: Teaching profession RT: Authority Autonomy Democracy in education Freedom of expression Impartiality Peer evaluation Philosophy of education Professional ethics Right to education Tenure Academic games SN: Games devised to find solutions to academic problems UF: Simulation games BT: Research RT: Educational games Game theory Management techniques Models Operations research Role playing Simulation Academic grouping USE: Grouping Academic libraries SN: Includes combined public libraries and academic libraries. UF: College libraries Combined libraries (public / academic) Combined libraries (public/academic) University libraries BT: Libraries RT: Community and education Public libraries Academic management USE: Educational management Academic mobility SN: Movement or non-movement of educational personnel between institutions. UF: Erasmus (programme) BT: Mobility in education NT: Educational exchanges Study visits RT: Brain drain Foreign teachers Intellectuals International education Lecturers Student mobility Teaching abroad Wastage in education Academic records USE: Educational records Academic terms USE: Academic year Academic year UF: Academic terms Education year Educational year School terms School year BT: School time RT: Attendance Timetables Vacations Academies USE: Academy schools Academies of science BT: Scientific institutions RT: Learned societies Research centres Science Science education Technological institutes Universities University institutes Academy schools SN: English schools directly funded by central government and independent of direct control by local government. UF: Academies BT: Schools Accelerated courses USE: Acceleration (education) Acceleration (education) SN: Advancement of pupils in subjects at a rate that places them ahead of where they would be in the normal school curriculum. Usually used as an intervention to accommodate the needs of gifted pupils UF: Accelerated courses BT: School organisation RT: Enrichment (curriculum) Gifted children Pupil placement Access programmes SN: Programmes of study intended to enable adults to attain the necessary knowledge and skills to be accepted for a course of further or higher education UF: Access programs Gateway courses Presessional courses BT: Courses RT: Admission Bridging courses Educational opportunity Equal education Mature students Open enrolment Orientation courses Prior learning Access programs USE: Access programmes Access to education USE: Educational opportunity Accessions USE: Acquisitions (libraries) Accident prevention USE: Safety measures Accountability BT: Moral concepts Social concepts RT: Auditing Authority Duties Leadership Management theory Obligation Philosophy of education Responsibility Self evaluation Accountancy education BT: Management and industry studies RT: Business studies Distributive studies Economics education Financial administration Management studies Accounting USE: Financial administration Accreditation SN: Approval or recognition of the academic quality of a course, institution etc (as being of an appropriate standard) by a superior or coordinating body. Not used for the accreditation of prior learning or for credit transfer; for which Prior learning or Educational credits are used respectively. UF: Certification Recognition (accreditation) Registration (accreditation) BT: Evaluation of education RT: Administration of education Diploma mills Examining bodies Inspection Qualifications Supervision Validation Accreditation of prior learning USE: Prior learning Achievement SN: Achievement of pupils, students or learners (for achievement of teachers and institutions or systems, Performance is used). For works about assessment of achievement in a particular subject, the appropriate curriculum subject term plus Assessment are used instead of Achievement. UF: Academic achievement Attainment School achievement Student progress (achievement) BT: [Teaching and study] NT: Low achievement RT: Ability Achievement motivation Aptitude Competency based education Educational assessment Educational environment Educational progress Educational records Failure Mastery learning Profiles in education Teacher effectiveness Teacher expectations Value added analysis Achievement motivation SN: Used without Achievement being added, unless that is also discussed. BT: Motivation RT: Achievement Aspiration Intrinsic motivation Motivation in education Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome USE: AIDS Acquisitions (libraries) SN: Acquisition of library and information materials. UF: Accessions BT: Library administration NT: Book selection RT: Document description Document relegation Library stock Stock revision (libraries) Acronyms USE: Abbreviations Acting BT: Performing arts RT: Actors Drama Drama education Drama therapy Film making Oral expression Role playing Theatre Action learning USE: Experiential learning Action research SN: Research initiated to solve an immediate problem or a reflective process of progressive problem solving led by individuals working with others in teams or as part of a 'community of practice' to improve the way they address issues and solve problems. BT: Research methods Activity methods BT: Teaching methods RT: Educational games Experiential learning Heuristic method Learner centred methods Montessori system Play Practical studies Projects (teaching method) Role playing Topic method Actors UF: Actresses BT: Cultural personnel RT: Acting Broadcasting personnel Drama education Actresses USE: Actors Adaptation (biological) BT: Ecology RT: Animal behaviour Evolution Genetics Morphology (biology) Natural selection Sociobiology Adaptations SN: Adaptations of musical or literary works for example. UF: Arrangements Simplifications BT: Literature Music RT: Literature education Music education Translations Addiction BT: Health Social problems NT: Alcoholism Drug abuse Gambling Smoking Additional educational needs USE: Special educational needs ADHD USE: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Adjustment SN: Human psychological adjustment UF: Emotional adjustment BT: Traits RT: Emotion Emotional and behavioural difficulties Emotional development Habit Personal conflict Personality Personality development Psychosocial development School adjustment Administration BT: Social sciences NT: Administration of justice Maladministration Public administration Science administration RT: Administrative law Administrative staff Bureaucracy Management theory Secretarial work Administration of education UF: Education administration Educational administration BT: [Curriculum, courses and organisation] NT: Administrative structure Admission Attendance Course completion rate Decision making in education Democracy in education Dropouts Educational demand Educational environment Educational management Educational needs Educational progress Educational records Educational values Enrolment Exclusion Failing schools Franchising in education Marketisation of education Open education Open enrolment Parental choice Reorganisation of education Rules School based innovations School based programmes School clothing School clusters School councils School improvement School organisation School time Truancy Wastage in education RT: Accreditation Control of education Cooperation in education Educational administrators Educational planning Educational policy making Government educational bodies Law of education Local education authorities Politics and education State and education Administration of justice UF: Legal administration BT: Administration Law Public administration NT: International courts Juvenile courts Legal aid RT: Civil and political rights Criminology Grievance procedures Justice Law enforcement Legal profession Legal theory Punishment Sociology of law Administrative law BT: Law RT: Administration Constitutional law Maladministration Ombudsman Public administration Statutory bodies Administrative staff BT: Occupations RT: Administration Administrative structure Chief administrative officers Civil service Domestic staff Educational personnel Laboratory staff Local government officers Maintenance staff Office workers Offices Paraprofessional personnel Administrative structure UF: Academic boards Boards of studies Convocations (academic) Courts (academic) Faculty boards Graduate bodies Senates (academic) BT: Administration of education NT: Academic departments Committees Governing bodies RT: Administrative staff Bureaucracy Centralisation Decentralisation Educational management Organisational behaviour School clusters School organisation Admission SN: Selection and admission of pupils or students to courses of study UF: Academic admission Recruitment (students / pupils) Recruitment (students/pupils) Selection (admission) BT: Administration of education RT: Access programmes Birth season Educational credits Educational management Educational opportunity Educational progress Equivalences Marketisation of education Open enrolment Prior learning Adolescence USE: Adolescents Adolescent development UF: Adolescent psychology BT: [Children and families] Developmental psychology RT: Adolescents Adult psychology Child development Puberty Youth Adolescent psychology USE: Adolescent development Adolescents UF: Adolescence Teenagers BT: [Children and families] Age groups NT: School leavers RT: Adolescent development Childhood reminiscences Children Key stage 3 Older children Puberty Pupil attitudes Secondary education Youth activities Youth clubs Youth studies Youth work Adopted children BT: Families RT: Adoption Child welfare Children in care Deserted children Family law Foster children Juvenile courts Orphans Parentally deprived children Stepchildren Adoption SN: Legal process of adopting another's child as one's own BT: Families Family law RT: Adopted children Child custody Child welfare Fostering Juvenile courts Adult basic education USE: Basic education Adult development USE: Adult psychology Adult education BT: Levels of education Tertiary education NT: Armed forces education Basic education Extension education Lifelong education Parent education Retirement education Workers' education RT: Adult education institutions Adult psychology Adults Bridging courses Community education Development education Folk high schools Further education Mature students Out of school education Adult education institutions SN: Used for works about institutions as such, their management and buildings - otherwise Adult education is used. BT: Educational institutions Tertiary education institutions NT: Community colleges Evening schools Mechanics' institutes Open colleges Open universities Summer schools Teachers' centres Workers' colleges Working men's colleges RT: Adult education Community centres Further education institutions Study centres for distance learners Adult psychology UF: Adult development BT: Developmental psychology RT: Adolescent development Adult education Adults Geriatric psychology Young adults Adult students USE: Mature students Adults BT: Age groups NT: Mature students Middle aged adults Older adults Young adults RT: Adult education Adult psychology Men Women Advanced further education SN: SPECIFIC HISTORICAL CONCEPT. Higher education in the public sector (UK) i.e. in polytechnics, colleges of higher education, etc - not universities (while the non-university institutions were run by local education authorities i.e. prior to formation of Polytechnics and Colleges Funding Council). BT: Further education Higher education RT: Central institutions Colleges of higher education Liberal arts colleges Polytechnics Teacher education colleges Advanced level examinations (A2) USE: A level examinations Advanced level examinations (AS) USE: A level examinations (AS) Advanced Vocational Certificate of Education UF: AVCE BT: Qualifications Adventure games (computers) USE: Computer games Adventure playgrounds USE: Playgrounds Advertisement USE: Advertising Advertising UF: Advertisement BT: Mass communication RT: Commercial art Communication psychology Consumers Consumption Distributive trade Market research Marketing Persuasion Public opinion Public relations Advisers UF: Consultants (education) Education advisers Educational advisers BT: Educational personnel Occupations RT: Advisory teachers Educational administrators Inspectors Advisory teachers SN: Teachers whose job is, or includes, providing advice, support or supervision to colleagues. BT: Teachers NT: Professional tutors RT: Advisers Educational support services Heads of departments Staff development Subject coordinators Advocates USE: Lawyers Aerial photography BT: Photography RT: Archaeology Cartography Space photography Aerospace engineering BT: Engineering NT: Space technology RT: Aerospace engineering education Nuclear warfare Transport engineering Aerospace engineering education BT: Engineering education RT: Aerospace engineering Astronomy education Military studies Aesthetics SN: Critical reflection on art, culture and nature UF: Esthetics BT: Philosophy NT: Modernism Postmodernism RT: Art criticism Art styles Arts Epistemology Moral philosophy Psychology of art Russian formalism Value Value judgment Affection USE: Love Affective education SN: Curriculum subject. UF: Emotion education Feeling education Humanistic education BT: Social science education RT: Affective psychology Antiracism education Antisexist education Attitudes Child centred education Emotion Emotional development Humanistic psychology Liberal education Moral education Pastoral care Personality development Sensitivity training Social education Values education Affective psychology SN: May include reference to temperament, personality or social traits, as well as emotions. BT: Psychology NT: Emotion Moods RT: Affective education Emotional development Humanistic psychology Personality Social psychology Affinity (interpersonal) USE: Interpersonal attraction Affirmative action SN: Positive action taken to overcome under-representation of women and minority groups in employment, postcompulsory education, etc. BT: Social action RT: Antiracism education Antisexist education Civil and political rights Equal education Equal opportunity Equality Feminism Race relations Racial discrimination Racial equality Afghanistan BT: South Asia RT: Central Asia Islamic countries Africa BT: [Geographical locations] NT: Central Africa East Africa English speaking Africa French speaking Africa North Africa Portuguese speaking Africa Southern Africa West Africa RT: African languages African studies Africans Arab countries Developing countries African Americans USE: Black people African languages SN: Indigenous languages spoken in Africa BT: Modern languages NT: Afrikaans language Amharic language Arabic language Hausa language Somali language Swahili language Yoruba language RT: Africa African studies Africans African studies SN: Curriculum subject BT: Area studies NT: Afrikaans studies Hausa studies Igbo studies Somali studies Yoruba studies RT: Africa African languages Africans Black studies Development studies Islamic studies Middle Eastern studies Africana studies USE: Black studies Africans BT: Ethnic groups NT: Beti (African people) Somalis Swahili-speaking peoples RT: Africa African languages African studies Minority groups Afrikaans language BT: African languages Indo-European languages RT: Afrikaans studies Dutch language South Africa Afrikaans studies SN: Learning and teaching of all aspects of Afrikaans language, life and culture. BT: African studies Modern languages education RT: Afrikaans language Dutch studies South Africa Afro-Americans USE: Black people Aftercare USE: Rehabilitation Age discrimination UF: Ageism BT: Discrimination Age groups BT: Population Social groups NT: Adolescents Adults Children Youth RT: Ageing Developmental psychology Life events Older adults Older children Aged USE: Older adults Ageing UF: Aging BT: Life cycle RT: Age groups Death Growth Life events Middle aged adults Older adults Ageism USE: Age discrimination Agency cooperation UF: Interagency cooperation Multi-agency working BT: Government RT: Cooperation Cooperation in education Cooperative planning International cooperation Aggression UF: Aggressiveness BT: Traits RT: Anger Antisocial behaviour Bullying Courage Disruptive behaviour Hate Interpersonal conflict Masculinity Racial harassment Vandalism Violence Aggressiveness USE: Aggression Aging USE: Ageing Agnosia USE: Memory disorders Agnosticism SN: The view that the truth of religious claims (typically of the existance of a deity or deities) are unknown and (as far as can be judged) unknowable. BT: Belief RT: Atheism Humanism Philosophy of religion Rationalism Scepticism Agricultural development BT: Agriculture Economic and social development Rural development RT: Agricultural education Appropriate technology Conservation of nature Developing countries Development aid Environmental management Food resources Industrial development Land economics Technological change Technology transfer Water supply Agricultural education SN: Curriculum subject. UF: Farming education BT: Technology education NT: Horticultural education RT: Agricultural development Agriculture Biology education Botany education Environmental education Forestry education Rural development education Rural studies Veterinary education Zoology education Agriculture UF: Farming BT: Economic activity Technology NT: Agricultural development Horticulture RT: Agricultural education Botany Food resources Forestry Land economics Land use Life sciences Plants Rural areas Rural development Rural sociology Rural studies Soil science Aides (teaching) USE: Teaching assistants AIDS UF: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome HIV/AIDS BT: Infectious diseases RT: Sex education Sexual practices Aims UF: Goals Objectives BT: [Social context for human activity] NT: Aims of education Policy RT: Intention Management by objectives Aims of education SN: Objectives or purposes of educational institutions or practice. For national aims Educational policy is used with country term/s BT: Aims Education NT: Child centred education RT: Competency based education Curriculum relevance Curriculum statements Educational policy Educational theory General education Indoctrination Instructional objectives Liberal education Mastery learning Philosophy of education Radical education Role of education Vocationalisation of education Albania BT: Eastern Europe Mediterranean countries RT: Albanian language Communist countries Islamic countries Albanian language BT: European languages Indo-European languages RT: Albania Alcohol abuse BT: Substance abuse RT: Alcohol education Alcoholic drinks Alcoholism Alcohol education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Health education RT: Alcohol abuse Alcoholic drinks Alcoholism Drug education Alcoholic drinks SN: Not used for alcoholism, but for drinking habits and culture. UF: Drinking habits (alcohol) BT: Food RT: Alcohol abuse Alcohol education Alcoholism Alcoholism UF: Drunkenness BT: Addiction RT: Alcohol abuse Alcohol education Alcoholic drinks Drug abuse Algebra UF: Group theory (mathematics) BT: Mathematics NT: Boolean algebra Matrix algebra RT: Algebra (examination subject) Algebra education Graphs Algebra (examination subject) BT: Mathematics (examination subject) RT: Algebra Algebra education Algebra education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Mathematics education RT: Algebra Algebra (examination subject) Algeria BT: Mediterranean countries North Africa RT: Arab countries French speaking Africa Islamic countries Alienation UF: Depersonalisation Depersonalization Social alienation BT: Emotion RT: Antisocial behaviour Boredom Depression Hate Nonconformity Racial harassment Rejection Social integration Social participation Allegory BT: Literary forms and genres RT: Fantasy (literary) Satire Allergies SN: A hypersensitivity disorder of the immune system. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) BT: Disorders RT: Toxic substances Allowances USE: Grants Alphabets SN: An alphabet is a standard set of letters ... which is used to write one or more languages, based on the general principle that the letters represent phonemes (basic significant sounds) of the spoken language ... A true alphabet has letters for the vowels of a language as well as the consonants. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) BT: [Literacy, reading and writing] NT: Initial teaching alphabet RT: Epigraphy Palaeography Spelling Writing systems Alternative education SN: Education outside ethos and organisation of the state BT: State and education RT: Deschooling Folk high schools Free schools Nonformal education Private education Radical education School refusal State education Truancy Alternative technology USE: Appropriate technology Altruism USE: Prosocial behaviour Alumni BT: Students Amalgamation SN: Merger of institutions etc. UF: Mergers BT: Reorganisation of education RT: Closure Cooperation in education Educational institutions School clusters School size Small schools Ambition USE: Aspiration Amenities conservation USE: Conservation American Indians USE: Native Americans American Samoa BT: Polynesia RT: Islands Americas BT: [Geographical locations] NT: Central America Latin America North America South America West Indies RT: Amerindian languages Native Americans Pacific Amerindian languages SN: Languages spoken by Native Americans (North and South) except Inuit or Aleutian Islanders BT: Modern languages RT: Americas Central America Latin America Latin American studies Native Americans North America North American studies South America Amharic language BT: African languages RT: East Africa Ethiopia Amnesia USE: Memory disorders Amusements USE: Entertainment Anaesthetics UF: Anesthetics BT: Medical treatment RT: Drugs Pain Surgery Analysis BT: [Research, information and theory] NT: Content analysis Cross cultural analysis Statistical analysis Analysis of variance USE: Variance analysis Analytical chemistry USE: Chemical analysis Analytical psychology UF: Jungian psychology BT: Psychological schools RT: Psychoanalysis Psychotherapy Symbolic processes Symbols Unconscious Anarchism BT: Political theory RT: Left (political) Nihilism Utopia Anatomy BT: Biology NT: Locomotory systems Morphology (biology) Neurology Physique RT: Medical sciences Physiological psychology Physiology Ancient civilisations UF: Ancient civilizations Antiquity BT: Civilisation NT: Assyrian civilisation Classical civilisation Egyptian civilisation Etruscan civilisation RT: Ancient history Ancient religions Ancient civilizations USE: Ancient civilisations Ancient history SN: Study of the written past from the beginning of human history to the Early Middle Ages. Includes general works and history of classical civilisations BT: History NT: Classical history RT: Ancient civilisations Ancient history education Medieval history Prehistory Ancient history (examination subject) BT: History (examination subject) Ancient history education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: History education RT: Ancient history Celtic studies Classics education Ancient religions BT: Religious systems NT: Egyptian religion Shamanism RT: Ancient civilisations Magic Mythology Primitive religions Androgyny SN: Integration of male and female sex role or psychological or biological characteristics, or the adoption of ones traditionally seen as belonging to the opposite sex BT: Sex differences RT: Femininity Masculinity Sex role Sexuality Anesthetics USE: Anaesthetics Anger BT: Emotion RT: Aggression Hate Jealousy Stress Anglophone Africa USE: English speaking Africa Angola BT: Central Africa RT: Portuguese speaking Africa Southern Africa Anguilla BT: Leeward Islands RT: Saint Kitts-Nevis Animal behavior USE: Animal behaviour Animal behaviour UF: Animal behavior Ethology BT: Behaviour Zoology RT: Adaptation (biological) Animal rights Animals Animals (teaching aids) Birds Comparative psychology Ecology Human nature Instinct Laboratory animals Sociobiology Animal biology USE: Zoology Animal rights BT: Rights Zoology RT: Animal behaviour Animals Animals (teaching aids) Ethics Human rights Humane education Laboratory animals Animals BT: Zoology NT: Animals (teaching aids) Birds Laboratory animals Primates RT: Animal behaviour Animal rights Conservation of nature Veterinary medicine Zoology education Animals (teaching aids) BT: Animals Learning resources RT: Animal behaviour Animal rights Humane education Laboratory animals Veterinary education Zoology education Animism USE: Primitive religions Announcers (broadcasters) USE: Broadcasting personnel Announcers (broadcasting) USE: Broadcasting personnel Anorexia USE: Eating disorders Anorexia nervosa USE: Eating disorders Antarctic regions USE: Antarctica Antarctica UF: Antarctic regions BT: Polar regions Antenatal education UF: Childbirth education BT: Parent education RT: Childbirth Gynaecology Health visiting Maternity provisions Midwives Pregnancy Anthologies SN: Form term. BT: [Form terms] Anthropology SN: The study of humankind, past and present. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) UF: Physical anthropology BT: [Peoples and cultures] Life sciences NT: Social anthropology RT: Anthropology education Civilisation Comparative psychology Human biology Prehistory Primitive cultures Race Racial differences Sociobiology Anthropology education SN: Curriculum subject UF: Anthropology studies BT: Life sciences education RT: Anthropology Archaeology education Human biology education Human ecology education Social anthropology Sociology education Anthropology of education BT: Education RT: Cultural environment Culture and education Educational environment Educational theory Ethnography Social anthropology Sociology of culture Sociology of education Anthropology studies USE: Anthropology education Anti-war USE: Pacifism Antigua USE: Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda UF: Antigua Barbuda BT: Leeward Islands RT: Commonwealth of Nations Antiquity USE: Ancient civilisations Antiracism education SN: Curriculum subject. UF: Race relations education BT: International studies RT: Affective education Affirmative action Antisexist education Black studies Decolonisation of education Desegregation in education Development studies Discrimination in education Equal education Human rights education Multicultural education Racial discrimination Racial equality Antisemitism BT: Racism NT: Holocaust RT: Jewish studies Jews Judaism Racial discrimination Antisexist education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Sociology education RT: Affective education Affirmative action Antiracism education Discrimination in education Equal education Feminism Human rights education Sex discrimination Sex equality Sexism Women's rights Women's studies Antisocial behavior USE: Antisocial behaviour Antisocial behaviour UF: Antisocial behavior BT: Behaviour Social problems NT: Disruptive behaviour RT: Aggression Alienation Criminology Delinquency Emotional and behavioural difficulties Juvenile delinquency Nonconformity Psychopathy Racial harassment Self injurious behaviour Antonyms USE: Synonyms Anxiety BT: Emotion RT: Emotional and behavioural difficulties Fear Guilt Jealousy Neuroses School refusal Shame Shyness Stress Aotearoa USE: New Zealand Aphasia USE: Language difficulties Applied linguistics BT: Linguistics RT: Language studies Linguistics education Literary composition Modern languages education Psycholinguistics Sociolinguistics Translation Applied mathematics BT: Mathematics RT: Applied mathematics education Biometrics Mathematical models Mechanics Statistics Applied mathematics education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Mathematics education RT: Applied mathematics Higher mathematics education Mathematics Pure mathematics education Statistical education Applied moral philosophy USE: Ethics Applied psychology BT: Psychology NT: Communication psychology Community psychology Economic psychology Environmental psychology Indoctrination Occupational psychology Psychiatry Psycholinguistics Psychology of art Psychology of music Psychology of religion Applied research SN: Systematic inquiry involving the practical application of science UF: Problem focused research BT: Research methods NT: Market research Medical research Operations research Research and development RT: Fundamental research Industry education liaison Interdisciplinary research Apprenticeship SN: A system of training a new generation of practitioners of a structured competency, a basic set of skills. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) BT: Training RT: Basic training Cooperative education Education with production Industrial training Inservice training Job training Training officers Vocational education Work based learning Youth Appropriate technology UF: Alternative technology Intermediate technology BT: Technology RT: Agricultural development Developing countries Economic and social development Industrial development Innovations Rural development Technology transfer Approved schools USE: Community home schools Aptitude BT: Cognition RT: Ability Ability grouping Achievement Aspiration Career choice Cognitive style Educability Intelligence Learning style Pupil placement Qualifications Readiness Skill Subject choice Teacher expectations Transfer Aquatic sports UF: Canoeing Diving (sport) Rowing Sailboarding Sailing Water sports Windsurfing Yachting BT: Leisure activities Sport NT: Swimming RT: Outdoor pursuits Arab countries SN: The countries of the Arab League (broadly found in southwestern Asia and northern Africa) plus Western Sahara. BT: [Geographical locations] RT: Africa Algeria Arabic language Arabic studies Asia Bahrain Comoros Developing countries Djibouti Egypt Iraq Islam Islam and education Islamic countries Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Mauritania Middle Eastern studies Morocco Muslims Oman Palestine Palestinians Qatar Saudi Arabia Somalia Sudan Syria Tunisia United Arab Emirates Western Sahara Yemen Yemen (Arab Republic) Yemen (People's Democratic Republic) Arabic language BT: African languages Asian languages RT: Arab countries Arabic studies Islamic countries North Africa Arabic studies SN: Learning or teaching all aspects of Arabic language, life or culture. BT: Middle Eastern studies Modern languages education RT: Arab countries Arabic language Islam and education Islamic countries Islamic schools Arbitration USE: Conflict resolution Archaeology SN: Study of the past by scientific analysis of the material remains of human cultures. Human history from the Palaeolithic until the advent of literacy in any given society UF: Archeology BT: Humanities NT: Industrial archaeology Sigillography RT: Aerial photography Archaeology education Archives Civilisation History Museums Palaeography Social anthropology Archaeology education SN: Curriculum subject. UF: Archeology education BT: Humanities education RT: Anthropology education Archaeology Classics education History education Local history studies Museum studies Museums and education Archeology USE: Archaeology Archeology education USE: Archaeology education Architecture BT: Fine arts RT: Architecture education Building design Building services Buildings Built environment Construction engineering Environmental design Housing Surveying Technical drawing Urban planning Architecture education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Art education RT: Architecture Building design Building education Civil engineering education Design education Technical drawing education Archive administration USE: Archives Archives SN: Non-current records preserved because of their continuing value, and their administration, maintenance and exploitation. UF: Archive administration BT: Libraries RT: Archaeology Documentary history Library studies Museums Palaeography Records Arctic USE: Arctic regions Arctic regions UF: Arctic BT: Polar regions Area studies SN: Curriculum subject. Study of separate geographical regions, in contrast with International studies. BT: International studies NT: African studies Asian studies European studies Hispanic studies Middle Eastern studies North American studies RT: Commonwealth studies Comparative education studies Development studies Islamic studies Argentina BT: South America RT: Latin America Aristocracy USE: Upper class Arithmetic BT: Mathematics NT: Ratio RT: Arithmetic education Number systems Arithmetic education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Mathematics education RT: Arithmetic Basic subjects Calculators Numeracy Arithmetic systems USE: Number systems Armed conflict USE: War Armed forces UF: Defence forces Defense forces Military forces BT: Government NT: Conscription RT: Armed forces children Armed forces education Armed forces schools Defence Military engineering Military studies Police War Armed forces children SN: Children of armed forces personnel. BT: Children RT: Armed forces Armed forces schools Migrant education Armed forces education SN: General education of armed forces personnel BT: Adult education RT: Armed forces Military studies Workers' education Armed forces schools UF: Forces schools BT: Schools RT: Armed forces Armed forces children Armenia BT: Middle East RT: Former Soviet republics Soviet Union Arms control UF: Disarmament BT: International relations RT: International cooperation Military studies Nuclear warfare Peace Peace making War Arrangements USE: Adaptations Art USE: Arts Art (examination subject) BT: Examination papers Art appreciation USE: Art criticism Art colleges BT: Tertiary education institutions Art criticism UF: Art appreciation BT: Arts and culture NT: Film criticism RT: Aesthetics Art history Art styles Arts Literary criticism Psychology of art Sociology of art Art education SN: Curriculum subject. Covers graphic arts, pottery and sculpture. BT: Cultural education NT: Architecture education Graphic arts education Pottery education Sculpture education RT: Art therapy Children's art Design education Fine arts Graphic arts Visual arts Woodwork education Art galleries BT: Cultural activities RT: Arts Cultural policy Exhibitions Museums Museums and education Visual arts Art history BT: Arts and culture History RT: Art criticism Art styles Arts History of ideas Modern art Sociology of art Art styles BT: Arts and culture RT: Aesthetics Art criticism Art history Arts Children's art Contemporary art Modern art Modernism Postmodernism Psychology of art Sociology of art Art therapy BT: Psychotherapy RT: Art education Fine arts Graphic arts Handicrafts Music therapy Occupational therapy Plastic arts Play therapy Psychology of art Reproductive arts Visual arts Articled teachers SN: Graduates undertaking a school based course of teacher education normally of two year duration, as an alternative route to qualification in place of the Postgraduate Certificate in Education BT: Teachers RT: College school cooperation Inservice teacher education Licensed teachers Probation and induction Professional tutors School based programmes Teacher education Teacher supply Teaching practice Artificial intelligence UF: Expert systems Knowledge based systems Machine intelligence BT: Computer applications RT: Bionics Brain Cognition Computer simulation Computers Consciousness Human computer interaction Philosophy of mind Problem solving Robotics Thinking Artificial organs USE: Prosthetics Artistic development USE: Creative development Artists BT: Cultural personnel RT: Arts Fine arts Graphic arts Handicrafts Literature Performing arts Plastic arts Reproductive arts Visual arts Writers Arts UF: Art BT: Arts and culture NT: Design Modern art Music Performing arts Visual arts RT: Aesthetics Art criticism Art galleries Art history Art styles Artists Creativity Cultural activities Cultural education Literature Psychology of art Sociology of art Arts and crafts USE: Handicrafts Arts and culture SN: Used only for very general works about the arts and culture or for the interaction between them. BT: Humanities NT: Art criticism Art history Art styles Arts Children's art Cultural activities Cultural participation Cultural personnel Entertainment Improvisation Popular culture RT: Cultural education Cultural policy Cultural studies Arts education USE: Cultural education AS level examinations USE: A level examinations (AS) Ashram schools SN: Residential religious schools for the transmission of Hindu teaching and culture. BT: Religious schools RT: Hinduism Hinduism and education Asia BT: [Geographical locations] NT: Central Asia East Asia Russia South Asia Southeast Asia RT: Arab countries Asian languages Asian studies Asians Bahaism and education Buddhism Buddhism and education Developing countries Hinduism Hinduism and education Hindus Islam and education Middle East Taoism Asian languages SN: Indigenous languages spoken in Asia BT: Modern languages NT: Arabic language East Asian languages Hebrew language Persian language South Asian languages Southeast Asian languages Turkish language RT: Asia Asians Asian studies SN: Curriculum subject UF: Oriental studies BT: Area studies NT: Chinese studies Indic studies Japanese studies Tamil studies RT: Asia Asians Austronesian and Oceanic languages Development studies Indic languages Islamic studies Middle Eastern studies Asians BT: Ethnic groups NT: Bangladeshis Indians Pakistanis RT: Asia Asian languages Asian studies Buddhism Hinduism Hindus Islam Minority groups Muslims Sikhism Asperger's syndrome SN: An autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that is characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction, alongside restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviour and interests. It differs from other autism spectrum disorders by its relative preservation of linguistic and cognitive development. Although not required for diagnosis, physical clumsiness and atypical use of language are frequently reported. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) UF: Asperger disorder Asperger syndrome BT: Autism Asperger disorder USE: Asperger's syndrome Asperger syndrome USE: Asperger's syndrome Aspiration UF: Ambition BT: Motivation RT: Achievement motivation Aptitude Expectations Extrinsic motivation Incentives Job expectation Optimism Assassination USE: Homicide Assault USE: Violence Assemblies SN: In schools. BT: School time RT: Assembly books Ceremonies Paracurriculum Religion and education Religious festivals Assembly books SN: Form term. Books to be used in assemblies. BT: [Form terms] Books RT: Assemblies Children's books Educational publications Assertiveness SN: Bold self assurance, confidence without aggression. (Wiktionary, accessed August 2013) UF: Assertiveness training BT: Traits RT: Authoritarianism Interpersonal influence Self esteem Assertiveness training USE: Assertiveness Assessment of prior learning USE: Prior learning Assignments SN: Learning or assessment tasks allocated to learners or groups of learners BT: Study methods RT: Examination papers Homework Self assessment Assistants (teaching) USE: Student assistants Association football USE: Football Associations UF: Societies BT: Organisations NT: Educational associations Learned societies Professional associations RT: Clubs Scientific institutions Trade unions Trusts Voluntary organisations Associative learning SN: Learning that occurs through the establishment of functional relationships between new and previously known stimuli and/or responses. UF: Contiguity (learning) Proximity (learning) BT: Learning RT: Generalisation Recognition Sequential learning Structural learning Symbolic learning Transfer Assyrian civilisation UF: Assyrian civilization BT: Ancient civilisations RT: Iraq Syria Turkey Assyrian civilization USE: Assyrian civilisation Asthma SN: A common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) BT: Diseases RT: Sick children Astronomy BT: Space sciences RT: Astronomy education Space photography Space technology Astronomy education BT: Science education RT: Aerospace engineering education Astronomy Geography education Geology education Asylum seekers USE: Refugees At risk children (psychosocial) USE: Psychosocial risk Atheism SN: The rejection of belief in the existence of deities. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) BT: Belief RT: Agnosticism Humanism Materialism Philosophy of religion Rationalism Scepticism Athletics BT: Leisure activities Sport RT: Physical education Atmospheric sciences USE: Meteorology Atomic energy USE: Nuclear energy Attachment SN: Emotional bond joining child and parent BT: Emotion NT: Love RT: Dependence Interpersonal attraction Interpersonal influence Parent and child Parentally deprived children Rejection Attainment USE: Achievement Attendance SN: At educational institutions. UF: Absenteeism BT: Administration of education RT: Academic year Dropouts Multishift systems Sabbatical leave School refusal School time Truancy Wastage in education Attendance centers USE: Attendance centres Attendance centres SN: For young delinquents UF: Attendance centers BT: Noncustodial punishment RT: Community service Intermediate treatment Juvenile delinquency Probation Attention UF: Concentration BT: Consciousness RT: Boredom Cognition Cognitive style Curiosity Hyperactivity Interest Perception Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder USE: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Attention deficit disorders USE: Hyperactivity Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder UF: ADHD Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder HKD Hyperkinetic disorder BT: Mental disorders Attitude change BT: Attitudes RT: Coercion Indoctrination Interpersonal influence Persuasion Social adjustment Social influence Attitudes BT: Cognitive social psychology NT: Attitude change Class consciousness Parent attitudes Political attitudes Pupil attitudes Racial attitudes Student attitudes Teacher attitudes RT: Affective education Attribution Belief Expectations Prejudice Public opinion Social perception Tolerance Attraction (interpersonal) USE: Interpersonal attraction Attribution SN: Theories concerned with study of the commonsense explanation of human behaviour BT: Cognitive social psychology RT: Attitudes Expectations Learned helplessness Locus of control Social perception Stereotyping Symbolic interaction Audiences UF: Listeners Spectators Viewers BT: Social groups RT: Broadcasting Cultural participation Entertainment Listening Mass communication Mass media Performing arts Public opinion Radio Audio conference USE: Teleconferencing Audio conferencing USE: Teleconferencing Audio equipment UF: Sound equipment Sound systems BT: Equipment RT: Audiovisual aids Broadcasting Instructional materials Language laboratories Radio Sound recording Sound recordings Audio materials BT: Audiovisual materials NT: Sound recording Sound recordings Audio recording USE: Sound recording Audio recordings USE: Sound recordings Audiovisual aids SN: Form term. Used with Lists, for lists of aids. For process of using them, Audiovisual instruction is used. BT: [Form terms] RT: Audio equipment Audiovisual instruction Audiovisual materials Equipment Media resources officers Sound recordings Visual materials Audiovisual instruction SN: The process of using audiovisual aids BT: Teaching methods RT: Audiovisual aids Audiovisual materials Computer assisted learning Educational broadcasting Educational displays Educational films Educational radio Educational technology Educational television Interactive video in education Language laboratories Learning resources Media resources officers Projectors Sound recording Teaching machines Audiovisual materials SN: In library or information context. BT: Learning resources NT: Audio materials Electronic information resources Video recording Video recordings Videotex Visual materials RT: Audiovisual aids Audiovisual instruction Auditing SN: Used for general management purposes, as well as more narrowly financial BT: Financial administration NT: Quality audit RT: Accountability Budgetary control Contract funding in education Cost effectiveness Expenditure Financial statements Income Resource allocation Auditory perception BT: Perception RT: Deafness Hearing Hearing impairment Listening Partial hearing Augmented Reality conferencing USE: Teleconferencing Australasia BT: [Geographical locations] NT: Australia Christmas Island Cocos Islands New Zealand Norfolk Island Papua New Guinea RT: Austronesian and Oceanic languages Pacific Australia BT: Australasia RT: Aborigines Commonwealth of Nations Commonwealth studies Australian aborigines USE: Aborigines Austria BT: Western Europe Austronesian and Oceanic languages BT: Languages NT: Malay language RT: Asian studies Australasia Pacific Authentication USE: Computer networks (technical apsects) Authoring systems SN: Software tools used in the development of computer based learning materials, providing facilities for building, revising or monitoring the performance of educational software BT: Computer programming RT: Computer assisted learning Educational software Authoritarianism BT: Political theory RT: Assertiveness Authority Conformity Leadership Prejudice Superiority complex Authority BT: Power NT: Child custody Crime prevention Death penalty Detention Noncustodial punishment Parole Physical restraint Probation Punishment RT: Academic freedom Accountability Authoritarianism Autonomy Classroom management Discipline Leadership Management theory Philosophy of education Responsibility Authors USE: Writers Authorship USE: Literary composition Autism BT: Mental disorders NT: Asperger's syndrome RT: Child psychiatry Child psychotherapy Communication difficulties Emotional and behavioural difficulties Language difficulties Personality disorders Automatic data collection USE: Data collection Automation BT: Technology RT: Design Engineering Inventions Robotics Autonomy BT: Social concepts RT: Academic freedom Authority Conscience Core skills Free will Independence Leadership Nonconformity Philosophy of education Responsibility Self evaluation Self regulation AVCE USE: Advanced Vocational Certificate of Education Awards SN: Prize awards given for outstanding performance in some field of activity. Not educational financial awards, for which Grants is used. UF: Prizes BT: Organisations NT: Literary prizes RT: Financial support Awards (educational) USE: Grants Awareness USE: Consciousness Awareness of language USE: Language awareness Awkward children (physical) USE: Clumsy children Azerbaijan BT: Central Asia Middle East RT: Communist countries Former Soviet republics Islamic countries Soviet Union Babies USE: Infants Bacteria USE: Microbiology Badminton BT: Ball games Indoor games Bahaism and education BT: Religion and education RT: Asia India Iran Bahamas BT: West Indies RT: Commonwealth of Nations Islands Small states Bahrain BT: Middle East RT: Arab countries Islamic countries Baines SN: Form term. BT: [Form terms] Ball games UF: Billiards Bowls Golf Snooker Snooker and billiards Squash Volleyball BT: Leisure activities Sport NT: Badminton Basketball Cricket Football Hockey Netball Rugby Table tennis Tennis Ballet BT: Dance RT: Choreography Entertainment Movement studies Music Stage management Baltic states BT: Eastern Europe NT: Estonia Latvia Lithuania Bands (orchestral) USE: Orchestras Bandwidth USE: Computer networks (technical apsects) Bangladesh SN: Pakistan is used for pre-independence material on East Pakistan BT: South Asia RT: Bangladeshis Bengali language Bengali studies Commonwealth of Nations Indic languages Indic studies Islamic countries Pakistan Bangladeshis BT: Asians RT: Bangladesh Bengali language Bengali studies Minority groups Baptist education BT: Christianity and education RT: Christianity Protestantism Religious education Religious groups Religious schools Barbados BT: Windward Islands RT: Commonwealth of Nations Barbuda USE: Antigua and Barbuda Barristers USE: Lawyers Basic education SN: Instruction in subjects of elementary education, social skills and community responsibilities, particularly in developing countries UF: Adult basic education BT: Adult education RT: Basic skills Basic subjects Citizenship education Community development Community education Developing countries Development education Functional literacy Functional literacy education General education Literacy Literacy education Nonformal education Out of school education Prevocational education Rural development education Rural education Social education Traditional education Universal primary education Basic research USE: Fundamental research Basic skills SN: Proficiency in basic subjects and elementary manual or practical skills required for any particular occupation BT: Skill RT: Basic education Basic subjects Basic training Core skills Literacy Numeracy Oracy Perceptual motor skills Practical skills education Prevocational education Visual literacy Basic subjects SN: The three Rs: Reading, wRiting and aRithmetic UF: 3 R's The 3 R's The three R's Three R's BT: [Subjects of instruction] RT: Arithmetic education Basic education Basic skills Handwriting education Literacy Literacy education Mother tongue education Numeracy Oracy Reading education Spelling education Basic training UF: Foundation training Occupational training families BT: Training RT: Apprenticeship Basic skills Core skills Foundation courses Industrial training Inservice training Job training Prevocational education Workers' education Youth employment programmes Basketball BT: Ball games RT: Netball Basque language BT: European languages RT: France Spain Spanish studies Battered children USE: Child abuse Beating (punishment) USE: Corporal punishment Beavers USE: Youth organisations Bechuanaland USE: Botswana Behavior USE: Behaviour Behavior disorders USE: Emotional and behavioural difficulties Behavior modification USE: Behaviour modification Behavioral genetics USE: Genetic psychology Behavioral objectives USE: Behavioural objectives Behavioral sciences USE: Social sciences Behaviorism USE: Behaviourism Behaviour UF: Behavior BT: Psychology NT: Animal behaviour Antisocial behaviour Conditioning Cultural behaviour Habit Imitation Inhibitions Instinct Language behaviour Prosocial behaviour Reinforcement Response Risk taking Sexuality Social behaviour Stimulus RT: Behaviour modification Behavioural objectives Behaviourism Emotional and behavioural difficulties Philosophy of action Sociobiology Behaviour disorders USE: Emotional and behavioural difficulties Behaviour modification UF: Behavior modification Behaviour therapy BT: Social psychology of education RT: Behaviour Behavioural objectives Behaviourism Conditioning Emotional and behavioural difficulties Incentives Intervention Psychotherapy Punishment Reinforcement Response Behaviour therapy USE: Behaviour modification Behavioural genetics USE: Genetic psychology Behavioural objectives SN: Use of, in situations where Instructional objectives would be less appropriate UF: Behavioral objectives BT: Social psychology of education RT: Behaviour Behaviour modification Behaviourism Competency based education Conditioning Instructional objectives Mastery learning Reinforcement Behavioural sciences USE: Social sciences Behaviourism SN: An approach to psychology that combines elements of philosophy, methodology and theory UF: Behaviorism BT: Philosophical schools Psychological schools RT: Behaviour Behaviour modification Behavioural objectives Conditioning Empiricism Materialism Naturalism Philosophy of mind Reinforcement Response Belarus UF: Bielarus Byelorussia BT: Eastern Europe RT: Former Soviet republics Soviet Union Belgium BT: Western Europe RT: Flemish language French studies Belief BT: Religion and belief NT: Agnosticism Atheism Confucianism Creationism Deism Humanism Religious belief RT: Attitudes Epistemology Indoctrination Irrationality Knowledge Public opinion Scepticism Belize UF: British Honduras BT: Central America RT: Commonwealth of Nations Latin America Small states West Indies Benefits (social security) USE: Social welfare Bengali language BT: Indic languages South Asian languages RT: Bangladesh Bangladeshis Bengali studies India Indians Bengali studies BT: Indic studies RT: Bangladesh Bangladeshis Bengali language India Benin UF: Dahomey BT: West Africa RT: French speaking Africa Yoruba language Yoruba studies Bereavement USE: Grief Bermuda BT: North America RT: Islands Best sellers USE: Popular literature Beti (African people) BT: Africans Betting USE: Gambling Bhutan BT: South Asia RT: Buddhism Bias BT: Social concepts NT: Cultural bias RT: Impartiality Prejudice Racism Sexism Social inequality Bibliographic databases SN: Computerised databases of bibliographic references. Used with Directories for lists of databases. For the process of using, Online information retrieval is used. BT: Databases RT: Bibliographies Catalogues Citations Electronic publishing Information handling automation Online information processing Online information retrieval Bibliographic references USE: Citations Bibliographic tools USE: Secondary documents Bibliographies SN: Form term. UF: Abstracting journals Current awareness services Indexing journals BT: [Form terms] RT: Bibliographic databases Citations Dissemination of information Information sources Lists Literature reviews Bibliography (study of books) USE: Bibliology Bibliology UF: Bibliography (study of books) BT: Books NT: Bibliometrics RT: Library studies Palaeography Bibliometrics SN: Study and measurement of the properties of documents; also their use, supply and demand. UF: Information scatter Obsolescence (bibliometrics) Statistical bibliography BT: Bibliology RT: Book availability Books Bibliotherapy SN: Use of selected reading materials for therapeutic purposes in physical medicine, mental health and education UF: Reading therapy Therapeutic documents BT: Psychotherapy RT: Occupational therapy Biculturalism BT: Cultural environment RT: Bilingualism Cultural assimilation Cultural behaviour Cultural pluralism Culture Multiracial communities Popular culture Bielarus USE: Belarus Bilateral schools SN: A bilateral school contains both grammar and non-selective streams, with the two groups of pupils taught separately BT: Secondary schools Bilingual education SN: Encouragement of bilingualism through the teaching of regular school courses in both the national language and a second language (using the second language as medium of instruction and/or subject content). BT: Language and education RT: Bilingual materials Bilingual pupils Bilingualism Community languages education Language of instruction Language studies Limited English speakers Mother tongue Multicultural education Multilingualism Second language Bilingual materials BT: Learning resources NT: Instructional materials RT: Bilingual education Bilingual pupils Bilingualism Community languages education Language of instruction Language studies Limited English speakers Mother tongue Bilingual pupils SN: Pupils who can communicate effectively in more than one language. Contrast Limited English speakers BT: Pupils RT: Bilingual education Bilingual materials Bilingualism Language and education Language of instruction Language studies Limited English speakers Multicultural education Multilingualism Second language Bilingualism BT: Language RT: Biculturalism Bilingual education Bilingual materials Bilingual pupils Code switching (language) Community languages Ethnic groups Foreign languages Interference (language) Interpreting Language development Language policy Languages for specific purposes Limited English speakers Mother tongue Multilingualism Multiracial communities Psycholinguistics Second language Sociolinguistics Translation Vernacular languages Billiards USE: Ball games Binet-Simon test USE: Binet Simon test Binet Simon test UF: Binet-Simon test BT: Testing Biochemistry BT: Biology Chemistry RT: Biotechnology Cell biology Molecular biology Organic chemistry Biocybernetics USE: Bionics Bioengineering SN: Application of engineering techniques to biological processes BT: Biology Medical technology RT: Bionics Biophysics Electronic engineering Medical equipment Prosthetics Biogeography USE: Ecology Biographies SN: Form term. Used with name of biographee in subject field. Added after other terms in indexing string. Used without biographee name for collected biography. For works about biography (for example, as a research approach), Biography is used. BT: [Form terms] RT: History of education Narrative Personal observations Personal papers Biography SN: Used for works about biography (for example, as a research approach). For form type the term Biographies is used. BT: Literary forms and genres RT: Narrative Biological sciences USE: Life sciences Biology BT: Life sciences NT: Anatomy Biochemistry Bioengineering Biometrics Biophysics Biotechnology Botany Cell biology Ecology Embryology Evolution Genetics Human biology Hydrobiology Immunology Microbiology Molecular biology Physiology Sociobiology Zoology RT: Biology education Biology (examination subject) BT: Science (examination subject) Biology education BT: Life sciences education NT: Biotechnology education Botany education Human biology education Zoology education RT: Agricultural education Biology Chemistry education Ecology education Environmental education Geography education Integrated science studies Rural studies Biomechanics USE: Biophysics Biomedical research USE: Medical research Biometrics BT: Biology RT: Applied mathematics Statistics Bionics UF: Biocybernetics BT: Biophysics RT: Artificial intelligence Bioengineering Ergonomics Human biology Biophysics UF: Biomechanics BT: Biology NT: Bionics RT: Bioengineering Biotechnology SN: Application of biological organisms, systems or processes to manufacturing and service industries BT: Biology RT: Biochemistry Biotechnology education Cell biology Chemical technology Fertilisation Food technology Genetic manipulation Genetics Microbiology Molecular biology Biotechnology education BT: Biology education Technology education RT: Biotechnology Food technology education Birds UF: Ornithology BT: Animals RT: Animal behaviour Birth control USE: Family planning Birth control education USE: Family planning education Birth defects UF: Congenital impairments BT: Health Birth order BT: Family relations RT: Birth season Childbirth Only children Siblings Twins Birth rate BT: Population RT: Abortion Census Childbirth Family planning Mortality Pregnancy Reproduction Socioeconomic indicators Birth season SN: Used especially with reference to its effect on, for example, length of schooling, attainment. Other term(s) added as appropriate. BT: [Children and families] Childbirth RT: Admission Birth order Educational opportunity Educational population Enrolment Preschool development Readiness Bisexuality BT: Sexuality RT: Heterosexism Homosexuality Black economy USE: Informal economy Black people SN: Used in context of South Africa, US and UK. For West Indian community in UK West Indians is used. Otherwise Ethnic groups (or narrower term) and country term are used. UF: African Americans Afro-Americans Blacks BT: Ethnic groups NT: Black writers RT: Black people in literature Black studies Minority groups South Africa United States Black people in literature SN: Black people as literary subject matter, not as authors, for which Black writers is used. UF: Blacks in literature BT: Literature RT: Black people Black studies Black writers Literary history Black studies SN: Curriculum subject. Study of the histories, politcs and cultures of peoples of African origin, both in Africa and in the African diaspora. Black studies programmes and departments were formed in the late 1960s in the context of the US civil rights movement. Now also known as Africana studies. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) UF: Africana studies BT: International studies RT: African studies Antiracism education Black people Black people in literature Black writers Decolonisation of education Development studies Human rights education North American studies Sociology education Black writers BT: Black people Writers RT: Black people in literature Black studies Literary composition Blackboards USE: Chalkboards Blacks USE: Black people Blacks in literature USE: Black people in literature Blended learning SN: Blended learning is a formal education program in which a student learns at least in part through online delivery of content and instruction with some element of student control over time, place, path or pace. While still attending a 'brick-and-mortar' school structure, face-to-face classroom methods are combined with computer-mediated activities. (Wikipedia, accessed March 2014) UF: Flip teaching Flipped classroom BT: Computers in education Teaching methods RT: Computer mediated communication Flexible study Information technology Blindness BT: Visual impairments RT: Braille system Multiple disabilities Multiple learning difficulties Partial vision Perceptual motor disorders Sight Tactile reading aids Visual perception Blogs USE: Social media Blues USE: Jazz Board schools SN: SPECIFIC HISTORICAL CONCEPT. Schools set up as a result of the 1870 Act to provide non-denominational compulsory education, to 'fill the gaps' in the existing, voluntary school system, then largely run by the churches. Such schools were known as board schools until 1902 (when LEAs were set up). BT: Schools Boarding schools UF: Residential schools BT: Schools RT: Children in care Independent schools Isolated children Preparatory schools Private education Residential care Residential courses Boards of governors USE: Governing bodies Boards of studies USE: Administrative structure Body language USE: Nonverbal communication Bolivia BT: South America RT: Latin America Bologna process (European higher education) SN: The Bologna Process is a series of ministerial meetings and agreements between European countries designed to ensure comparability in the standards and quality of higher education qualifications. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Educational reform Bolshevism USE: Communism Book availability UF: Book shortage BT: Books RT: Bibliometrics Book development Book production Book selection Publishing Reading programmes Textbook provision Book design BT: Books Book development UF: Book promotion BT: Books RT: Book availability Book production Book selection Publishing Reading programmes Reading promotion Textbook provision Book form materials USE: Books Book illustration USE: Illustration Book production BT: Books RT: Book availability Book development Copy preparation Paper Printing Publishing Textbook provision Book promotion USE: Book development Book reviews BT: Books Literary criticism RT: Book selection Publishing Book selection BT: Acquisitions (libraries) Books RT: Book availability Book development Book reviews Stock revision (libraries) Textbook provision Book shortage USE: Book availability Books UF: Book form materials BT: Learning resources NT: Assembly books Bibliology Book availability Book design Book development Book production Book reviews Book selection Citations Comics Ebooks Educational publications Official publications Picture books Reference materials Serials Set books Textbooks Translations RT: Bibliometrics Publishing Real books approach Boolean algebra BT: Algebra Boredom BT: Emotion RT: Alienation Attention Interest Motivation in education Bosnia-Hercegovina UF: Bosnia-Herzegovina BT: Eastern Europe RT: Serbocroatian language Serbocroatian studies Yugoslavia Bosnia-Herzegovina USE: Bosnia-Hercegovina Botany UF: Plant biology BT: Biology NT: Plants RT: Agriculture Botany education Forestry Gardening Horticulture Plants (teaching aids) Trees Botany (examination subject) BT: Science (examination subject) Botany education BT: Biology education RT: Agricultural education Botany Ecology education Environmental education Forestry education Horticultural education Plants Plants (teaching aids) Botswana UF: Bechuanaland BT: Southern Africa RT: Commonwealth of Nations English speaking Africa Bourgeoisie USE: Middle class Bowls USE: Ball games Boxing USE: Combative sports Boys BT: Children Men RT: Boys' education Boys' schools Girls Masculinity Men's education Sex differences Boys' education SN: Used to refer to boys in compulsory education in any type of school (and also includes 16-18 year olds staying on at school to do A-levels). BT: Gender and education RT: Boys Boys' schools Men's education Boys' schools UF: Boys schools BT: Schools RT: Boys Boys' education Coeducation Girls' schools Men's education Single sex education Boys brigade USE: Youth organisations Boys schools USE: Boys' schools Braille system BT: Tactile reading aids RT: Blindness Visual impairments Brain BT: Neurology RT: Artificial intelligence Brain hemisphere functions Brain surgery Lateral dominance Memory Neuropsychology Sensory systems Brain drain BT: Emigration RT: Academic mobility Employment abroad Intellectuals Labour shortages Lecturers Researchers Scientists Social scientists Study abroad Technologists Wastage in education Brain hemisphere functions SN: Specialised roles of the right and left hemispheres of the brain UF: Cerebral dominance Hemispheric specialisation Hemispheric specialization BT: Neuropsychology RT: Brain Brain surgery Lateral dominance Neurolinguistics Neurology Perceptual motor processes Brain injured USE: Learning disabilities Brain surgery BT: Surgery RT: Brain Brain hemisphere functions Drug psychotherapy Neurology Shock treatment Brainwashing USE: Indoctrination Brass instruments BT: Wind instruments Brazil BT: South America RT: Latin America Portuguese language Portuguese studies Break in studies SN: Interruption of educational career to pursue other, often unrelated, activity (for example, year between school and university). UF: Educational break Gap year BT: Mobility in education RT: Career break Sabbatical leave School leavers Students Work experience Youth employment Breast feeding BT: Mother and child RT: Child health Infants Nutrition Breton language BT: European languages Indo-European languages Bridging courses SN: Courses which help mature persons take the first step towards further study or training, a new or first job, or a career. BT: Courses RT: Access programmes Adult education Career break Career change Mature students Orientation courses Refresher courses Retraining Brilliant children USE: Gifted children Bristol social adjustment guides BT: Testing British Commonwealth USE: Commonwealth of Nations British history BT: History British Honduras USE: Belize British schools SN: SPECIFIC HISTORICAL CONCEPT. Schools set up in the 19th century, mainly supported by non-conformist philanthropists to provide an alternative to National Schools which were controlled by the established church (the C of E). BT: Schools British Virgin Islands UF: Virgin Islands (UK) BT: Leeward Islands Broadband USE: Computer networks (technical apsects) Broadcasters USE: Broadcasting personnel Broadcasting BT: Mass media NT: Educational broadcasting Radio Television RT: Audiences Audio equipment Broadcasting personnel Information technology Journalism Media studies News media Performing arts Sound recording Telecommunication Broadcasting personnel UF: Announcers (broadcasters) Announcers (broadcasting) Broadcasters Broadcasting staff Newsreaders (broadcasting) Radio and television personnel Radio and TV personnel Television and radio personnel BT: Communication personnel RT: Actors Broadcasting Cultural personnel Journalism Radio Television Broadcasting staff USE: Broadcasting personnel Brooke SN: Form term. BT: [Form terms] Brothers USE: Siblings Brownies USE: Youth organisations Brunei BT: Southeast Asia RT: Commonwealth of Nations Islamic countries Malay language BSA SN: Form term. BT: [Form terms] BTEC Higher National Diploma in Hotel Catering and Institutional Management BT: BTEC qualifications BTEC National Certificate in Engineering BT: BTEC qualifications BTEC National Certificate of Building and Civil Engineering Studies BT: BTEC qualifications BTEC National Diploma in Construction BT: BTEC qualifications BTEC National Diploma in Engineering BT: BTEC qualifications BTEC National Diploma in Performing Arts BT: BTEC qualifications BTEC qualifications BT: Qualifications NT: BTEC Higher National Diploma in Hotel Catering and Institutional Management BTEC National Certificate in Engineering BTEC National Certificate of Building and Civil Engineering Studies BTEC National Diploma in Construction BTEC National Diploma in Engineering BTEC National Diploma in Performing Arts Buddhism BT: Modern religions RT: Asia Asians Bhutan Buddhism and education Cambodia China East Asia India Japan Korea Korea (South) Laos Zen Buddhism and education BT: Religion and education RT: Asia Buddhism East Asia South Asia Southeast Asia Budgetary control UF: Cuts (financial) Expenditure cuts Financial cuts BT: Finance Financial administration NT: Educational budgetary control RT: Auditing Central local government relations Cost benefit analysis Cost effectiveness Costing Economic policy Expenditure Local government finance Public finance Resource allocation Building construction BT: Buildings Building design BT: Buildings Design NT: Open plan design Space utilisation RT: Architecture Architecture education Building education Building services Built environment Computer aided design and manufacture Construction engineering Educational building maintenance Energy conservation Environmental design Furniture Safety measures Working conditions Building education BT: Engineering education RT: Architecture education Building design Buildings Civil engineering education Building industry USE: Construction industry Building services BT: Buildings NT: Heating Lighting Ventilation RT: Architecture Building design Construction engineering Educational building maintenance Energy conservation Maintenance staff Buildings BT: Facilities NT: Building construction Building design Building services Built environment Educational buildings High rise flats Housing Offices RT: Architecture Building education Construction engineering Construction industry Educational building maintenance Surveying Built environment BT: Buildings Environment RT: Architecture Building design Construction engineering Environmental design Housing Natural environment Public housing Social environment Surveying Urban planning Urban sociology Bulgaria BT: Eastern Europe RT: Bulgarian language Bulgarian language BT: European languages Indo-European languages RT: Bulgaria Bulimia USE: Eating disorders Bulletin boards USE: Display boards Bulletin boards (computerised) USE: Electronic publishing Bulletin boards (computerized) USE: Electronic publishing Bullying BT: Social problems NT: Cyberbullying RT: Aggression Disruptive behaviour Emotional and behavioural difficulties Juvenile delinquency Mental cruelty Psychosocial risk School adjustment School refusal Self protection Bureaucracy BT: Social concepts RT: Administration Administrative structure Central government Civil service Government departments Management theory Organisational behaviour Organisations Public administration Statutory bodies Burgh schools SN: Old name for Scottish schools set up by the burgh (local authority), used in historical context usually. BT: Schools Burkina Faso UF: Upper Volta BT: West Africa RT: French speaking Africa Islamic countries Burma SN: In 1989 the miltary government officially changed the name of the counrty to Myanmar, but the renaming remains a contested issue. Burma continues to be used in English by the governments of many countries, including the United Kindom, the United States and Canada. Myanmar is used by the United Nations, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Russia, Germany, Norway, China, India, Australia and Japan. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) UF: Myanmar BT: Southeast Asia Burt's reasoning test BT: Testing Burundi BT: East Africa RT: Central Africa French speaking Africa Rwanda Business USE: Industry Business (examination subject) BT: Examination papers Business and education SN: Relationship between educational and business organisations, or between educational system and business community viewed as a whole BT: Cooperation in education NT: Business education liaison RT: Business management Business studies City technology colleges Corporate education Educational benefits Employment and education Human capital and education Industry and education NVQs Occupational requirements Role of education Vocationalisation of education Business economics BT: Economics RT: Business management Business studies Capital Contracts Enterprises Finance Financial administration Industrial production Microeconomics Resource allocation Trade Business education USE: Business studies Business education liaison SN: Deliberate programmes or activities aimed at formalising links between educational institutions and business enterprises or organisations. BT: Business and education RT: Careers education Cooperation in education Cooperative education Education for working life Industry education liaison NVQs Polytechnical education Sandwich courses Training and enterprise councils Youth employment programmes Business enterprises USE: Enterprises Business management BT: Management NT: Financial administration RT: Business and education Business economics Business studies Enterprises Management studies Business studies SN: Curriculum subject. UF: Business education Commercial education BT: Management and industry studies RT: Accountancy education Business and education Business economics Business management Distributive studies Economics education Industrial studies Labour studies Management development Management studies Office studies Byelorussia USE: Belarus Byzantine civilisation SN: Continuation of Roman civilisation, based on Byzantium, from 476 AD to 1453 UF: Byzantine civilization BT: Civilisation RT: Greece Roman civilisation Turkey Byzantine civilization USE: Byzantine civilisation Cable television UF: Cable TV BT: Television Cable TV USE: Cable television CAD/CAM USE: Computer aided design and manufacture Calculators BT: Equipment RT: Arithmetic education Computer assisted learning Mathematics education Calculus BT: Mathematics Calligraphy USE: Handwriting Cambodia UF: Kampuchea BT: Southeast Asia RT: Buddhism Communist countries Cameroon BT: Central Africa RT: Commonwealth of Nations English speaking Africa French speaking Africa West Africa Camp schools USE: Holiday schools Camping USE: Outdoor pursuits Canada BT: North America RT: Commonwealth of Nations French studies Native Americans North American studies Canadian studies USE: North American studies Cancer SN: A broad group of various diseases, all involving unregulated cell growth UF: Carcinogens Malignant neoplasm BT: Diseases NT: Leukaemia RT: Cell biology Radioactivity Toxic substances Canoeing USE: Aquatic sports Cape Coloreds USE: Cape Coloureds Cape Coloureds SN: South African ethnic group, with diverse ancestral links UF: Cape Coloreds BT: Ethnic groups RT: Minority groups South Africa Cape Verde BT: West Africa RT: Islands Portuguese speaking Africa Small states Capital BT: Finance RT: Business economics Capitalism Economic structure Income Investment Labour Land economics Wealth Capital punishment USE: Death penalty Capitalism BT: Political theory RT: Capital Comparative economics Comparative politics Conservatism Economic policy Feudalism Private sector Property Right (political) Social democracy Socialism Carcinogens USE: Cancer Cardinal points BT: Cartography Cardiovascular disease USE: Heart disease Care at home USE: Home care Career break SN: Extended break in mid-career for purposes separate from career, such as raising a family or fulltime tertiary education. BT: Career development RT: Break in studies Bridging courses Career change Educational leave Job satisfaction Maternity provisions Mature students Paternity provisions Reemployment Refresher courses Sabbatical leave Career change UF: Occupational change BT: Career development RT: Bridging courses Career break Career choice Job satisfaction Mature students Reemployment Retraining Career choice UF: Occupational choice BT: Employment RT: Aptitude Career change Careers education Employment and education Employment services Job expectation Job hunting Job satisfaction Occupational psychology Occupational requirements Occupational sociology Occupations Qualifications Self employment Subject choice Vocational guidance Youth employment services Career development UF: Career progression BT: Employment NT: Career break Career change Promotion (job) RT: Employment and education Job satisfaction Management development Occupational psychology Occupational sociology Occupations Qualifications Social mobility Staff development Teacher development Career progression USE: Career development Careers USE: Occupations Careers education BT: Social science education RT: Business education liaison Career choice Careers teachers Education for working life Employment and education Industry education liaison Job expectation Job hunting Occupations Vocational guidance Youth employment services Careers guidance USE: Vocational guidance Careers services USE: Youth employment services Careers teachers BT: Teachers RT: Careers education Education for working life Guidance officers Occupations Caregivers USE: Caregiving Caregiving SN: Care givers in general, or specifically people other then parents or members of caring professions UF: Caregivers BT: Social action RT: Child care Child rearing Day care Home care Parent and child Caribbean USE: West Indies Caribbean people USE: West Indians Caring personnel USE: Caring professions Caring professions UF: Caring personnel BT: Professions RT: Child care Child minding Child rearing Community care Day care Disaster relief work Home care Mental health services Rehabilitation Residential care Social work Social workers Carpentry USE: Woodwork Cartography UF: Map making Mapping BT: Geography NT: Cardinal points RT: Aerial photography Maps Measurement Space photography Surveying Cartoons BT: Visual materials RT: Comics Drawing Propaganda Satire Case studies SN: Form term. For works about case studies as a research method, Case study (research method) is used. BT: [Form terms] RT: Case study (research method) Case study (research method) SN: Used for works about case studies as a research method. Case studies is used for actual case study reports and monographs. BT: Research methods RT: Case studies Fieldwork Longitudinal research Catalogs USE: Catalogues Catalogues SN: Library or information catalogues. Used for works about physical form, layout or similar. Not used for cataloguing. UF: Catalogs BT: Information systems RT: Bibliographic databases Databases Document description Secondary documents Cataloguing USE: Document description Catchment areas (schools) USE: School mapping Categorisation USE: Classification Categorization USE: Classification Catering BT: Services NT: School meals RT: Catering studies Domestic staff Food Home economics Leisure services studies School catering areas Service industries Catering education USE: Catering studies Catering studies SN: Curriculum subject. UF: Catering education Cookery education Hotel management education BT: Home economics education Leisure services studies RT: Catering Nutrition education Cathedral schools BT: Schools Catholic education USE: Roman Catholic education Catholic schools USE: Roman Catholic schools Catholicism USE: Roman Catholicism Causal analysis SN: Analysis of the causes of a phenomenon or process. BT: Research methods RT: Causality Explanation Models Causality SN: Theory that attempts to explain relationship between cause and effect BT: Theory RT: Causal analysis Change Determinism Explanation Metaphysics Motivation Philosophy of history Philosophy of science Philosophy of social science Caving USE: Outdoor pursuits Cayman Islands BT: West Indies RT: Islands Small states CCTV USE: Closed circuit television CD-ROMs SN: Optical discs formatted for computerised storage and retrieval of text, with or without accompanying graphics and/or sound. UF: Optical data discs BT: Human computer interaction RT: Data processing Databases Multimedia Online information retrieval Online systems CDT education USE: Design and technology education CE USE: Conductive education Celebrations (education) USE: Ceremonies Cell biology UF: Cytology BT: Biology RT: Biochemistry Biotechnology Cancer Genetic manipulation Genetics Molecular biology Celtic studies SN: Curriculum subject. BT: European studies NT: Gaelic studies Irish studies Welsh studies RT: Ancient history education Gaelic language Irish language Welsh language Censorship BT: Rights RT: Communication Copyright Erotica Freedom of expression Freedom of information Pornography Privacy Publishing Secrecy State security Census UF: Population statistics BT: Human geography RT: Birth rate Migration Mortality Population Socioeconomic indicators Statistical data Statistics Central-local government relations USE: Central local government relations Central / local government relations USE: Central local government relations Central Africa BT: Africa NT: Angola Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Congo (Democratic Republic) Congo (Republic) Equatorial Guinea Gabon RT: Burundi East Africa Central African Republic BT: Central Africa RT: French speaking Africa Central America BT: Americas NT: Belize Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama RT: Amerindian languages Latin America North America Central Asia BT: Asia NT: Azerbaijan Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan RT: Afghanistan Former Soviet republics Soviet Union Central government BT: Government NT: Government departments Government educational bodies RT: Bureaucracy Central local government relations Centralisation Civil service Devolution Executive Legislature Regional government Central institutions SN: Scottish non-university institutions providing degree and diploma courses, comparable to polytechnics in England and Wales. BT: Higher education institutions RT: Advanced further education Colleges of higher education Liberal arts colleges Polytechnics Teacher education colleges Technical colleges Technological institutes University colleges Vocational colleges Central local government relations UF: Central-local government relations Central / local government relations BT: Government RT: Budgetary control Central government Centralisation Control of education Decentralisation Devolution Educational budgetary control Grant maintained schools Local government Local government finance Centralisation UF: Centralization BT: Government Management RT: Administrative structure Central government Central local government relations Decentralisation Centralization USE: Centralisation Cerebral dominance USE: Brain hemisphere functions Cerebral palsy UF: Spastic BT: Perceptual motor disorders RT: Disability Neurology Sick children Ceremonies UF: Academic ceremonies Celebrations (education) Founders' days School ceremonies Speech days Student rags BT: Organisations RT: Assemblies Customs and traditions Festivals Rituals Certificate in Social Service qualification USE: CSS qualification Certificate of Prevocational Education USE: CPVE Certificate of Proficiency in English BT: Qualifications Certificate of Secondary Education BT: Qualifications Certification USE: Accreditation Ceylon USE: Sri Lanka Chad BT: Central Africa RT: French speaking Africa Islamic countries Chalkboards UF: Blackboards BT: Equipment Instructional materials RT: Display boards Projectors Chamber music USE: Instrumental music Chamber of deputies USE: Legislature Chance USE: Probability Chancellors BT: Educational personnel RT: Chief administrative officers Directors (academic) Educational management Change BT: Social concepts NT: Educational change Innovations Reform Social change Technological change RT: Causality Futurology Management of change Research and development Change management USE: Management of change Chaos theory BT: Theory Character USE: Personality Character traits USE: Traits Charitable trusts USE: Trusts Charity schools BT: Schools RT: Christianity and education Educational foundations Independent schools Charter schools SN: Usually refers to schools in the United States which are funded differently from other state schools. BT: Schools Charters (specified standards) SN: Standards for the provision of services or facilities which users are entitled to expect, especially if laid down in a specific document and/or supported by penalties on providers for failing to meet the standards concerned. BT: Standards RT: Consumer guides Professional standards Quality of education Standardisation Standards (specifications) Chartism SN: A Victorian (between 1838 and 1848) working class movement for political reform in Britain BT: Political theory Cheating BT: Social problems RT: Fraud Imitation Plagiarism Chemical analysis UF: Analytical chemistry BT: Chemistry Chemical engineering education USE: Chemical technology education Chemical science USE: Chemistry Chemical technology BT: Technology RT: Biotechnology Chemical technology education Chemistry Drugs Glass Manufacturing industries Materials science Metals Paper Rubber Textiles Water treatment Chemical technology education UF: Chemical engineering education BT: Technology education RT: Chemical technology Chemistry education Food technology education Chemistry UF: Chemical science BT: Physical sciences NT: Biochemistry Chemical analysis Inorganic chemistry Organic chemistry Physical chemistry RT: Chemical technology Chemistry education Materials science Chemistry (examination subject) BT: Science (examination subject) Chemistry education BT: Physical sciences education RT: Biology education Chemical technology education Chemistry Physics education Chief administrative officers UF: Heads of administration (institutional) Registrars (chief administrators) Secretaries (chief administrators) BT: Educational personnel Managers RT: Administrative staff Chancellors Educational management Child abuse UF: Abused children Battered children Child neglect Cruelty to children BT: [Children and families] Cruelty Social problems NT: Child sexual abuse RT: Child health Child rearing Children in care Deserted children Family problems Family relations Self protection Child analysis UF: Child psychoanalysis BT: Child psychiatry Psychoanalysis RT: Child psychotherapy Children Child care SN: Arrangements for taking care of and supervising children below school age, or schoolchildren outside school time. UF: Childcare BT: [Children and families] Preschool education NT: Child minding RT: Caregiving Caring professions Child rearing Early childhood education Home education Child centered education USE: Child centred education Child centred education SN: Used for works on the principle of child-centeredness or the needs of the child as the aim of education. For more specific treatment in particular circumstances, or non-childhood situation, the terms Learner centred methods or Learner centred curriculum are used. UF: Child centered education BT: Aims of education RT: Affective education Educational needs Educational theory Experiential learning Learner centred curriculum Learner centred methods Liberal education Montessori system Philosophy of education Progressive education Radical education Child custody SN: Court-authorised arrangement for primary care of children. BT: [Children and families] Authority Family law RT: Adoption Child rearing Child welfare Children's rights Children in care Family problems Fostering Juvenile courts Child development SN: Child development refers to the biological and psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) UF: Child psychology BT: [Children and families] Developmental psychology NT: Early childhood development Prenatal development Preschool development RT: Adolescent development Child health Child psychiatry Child rearing Growth Nature nurture controversy Paediatrics Parent and child Child employment USE: Child labour Child health BT: [Children and families] Health NT: Sick children RT: Breast feeding Child abuse Child development Child psychiatry Child welfare Children Growth Health education Health visiting Paediatrics Child labor USE: Child labour Child labour UF: Child employment Child labor BT: [Children and families] Labour RT: Child welfare Children Children's rights Youth employment Child language USE: Language development Child literacy SN: Level of proficiency in reading and writing achieved during the normal developmental process, rather than in a deficit context. UF: Language ability Reading ability Writing ability BT: Language development Literacy RT: Children's literature Communication skills Language and education Language studies Literacy education Reading Reading education Child minding SN: Taking care of and supervising other people's children, below school age or outside school time, carried out by individuals as opposed to institutions such as nurseries or crèches. BT: Child care RT: Caring professions Child rearing Child welfare Combined nursery centres Day nurseries Early childhood education Home education Nursery nursing Nursery schools Playgroups Preschool education Child neglect USE: Child abuse Child psychiatry SN: General works. Used with age term if appropriate. For more specific topic, a narrower psychiatric term and Children (or a special educational needs term) are used. An age term can also be added if appropriate. BT: [Children and families] Paediatrics Psychiatry NT: Child analysis Child psychotherapy RT: Autism Child development Child health Child sexual abuse Child welfare Children Children's problems Mental health and education Mental health services Child psychoanalysis USE: Child analysis Child psychology USE: Child development Child psychotherapy BT: Child psychiatry Psychotherapy RT: Autism Child analysis Child sexual abuse Child welfare Children's problems Emotional and behavioural difficulties Family therapy Intervention Mental health and education Play therapy Child rearing SN: Styles and methods of nurturing and bringing up children, and their effects on child development and welfare. BT: [Children and families] Social relationships RT: Caregiving Caring professions Child abuse Child care Child custody Child development Child minding Child sexual abuse Child welfare Childhood reminiscences Children's problems Children's rights Father and child Home education Mother and child Parent and child Parent education Child sexual abuse BT: Child abuse Sexual practices Social problems RT: Child psychiatry Child psychotherapy Child rearing Emotional and behavioural difficulties Family problems Family relations Rape Self protection Sexual harassment Child welfare UF: Social work with children BT: [Children and families] Social welfare RT: Adopted children Adoption Child custody Child health Child labour Child minding Child psychiatry Child psychotherapy Child rearing Children's problems Children in care Disadvantage Educational social workers Educational welfare Foster children Fostering Intervention Juvenile courts Paediatrics Psychological services Childbirth BT: Gynaecology Life cycle Reproduction NT: Birth season Multiple birth RT: Abortion Antenatal education Birth order Birth rate Embryology Family planning Maternity provisions Midwives Mother and child Mothers Paternity provisions Perinatal risk Pregnancy Premature infants Prenatal development Surrogacy Childbirth education USE: Antenatal education Childcare USE: Child care Childhood USE: Children Childhood reminiscences SN: Form term. Used for works embodying more or less autobiographical accounts of growing up, schooling or similar in an earlier period. BT: [Form terms] RT: Adolescents Child rearing Children Families Parent and child Social history Children SN: The term childhood is non-specific and can imply a varying range of years in human development. Developmentally and biologically, it refers to the period between infancy and adulthood. In common terms, childhood is considered to start from birth ... In the legal systems of many countries, there is an age of majority when childhood officially ends and a person legally becomes an adult. The age ranges anywhere from 15 to 21, with 18 being the most common. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013). The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child defines a child as "a human being below the age of 18 years unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier". UF: Childhood BT: [Children and families] Age groups NT: Armed forces children Boys Children in care Exceptional children Feral children Girls Isolated children Older children Only children Parentally deprived children Preschool children Pupils Siblings Young children RT: Adolescents Child analysis Child health Child labour Child psychiatry Childhood reminiscences Children's art Children's books Children's games Children's libraries Children's problems Children's rights Children's television Children as writers Children in literature Families Paediatrics Children's art SN: The process and/or products of children's art activities in any medium BT: Arts and culture RT: Art education Art styles Children Children as writers Creative development Graphic arts Graphic arts education Handicrafts Plastic arts Pottery education Psychology of art Sculpture education Children's books SN: Form term. Used with Bibliographies for lists or bibliographies of children's books, or for actual examples if Picture books is inappropriate. For works about, Children's literature is used. BT: [Form terms] RT: Assembly books Children Children's libraries Children's literature Children's games SN: How to play children's indoor games. For outdoor games Play or Sport are used. For games as a factor in child development Play is used. BT: [Children and families] Leisure activities RT: Children Computer games Educational games Play Toys Children's hearings USE: Juvenile courts Children's libraries BT: Libraries RT: Children Children's books Children's literature Library work (study method) Public libraries Children's literature SN: Works about literature intended for and used by children and young people. Mainly fiction, poetry and drama but can include nonfiction BT: Learning resources Literature NT: Picture books RT: Child literacy Children's books Children's libraries Children's television Children as writers Children in literature Comics Educational publications Fairy tales Library work (study method) Literature education Nursery rhymes Readability Reading education Reading habit Real books approach Children's problems SN: Problems experienced by children who do not necessarily have special needs or difficulties. Covers subjects such as children who care for sick or disabled parents. Used when no more specific term (such as Psychosocial risk or Parentally deprived children) is available. BT: [Children and families] Social problems RT: Child psychiatry Child psychotherapy Child rearing Child welfare Children Educational welfare Emotional and behavioural difficulties Failure Low achievement Mental health and education School adjustment School refusal Truancy Children's rights SN: Children's rights are the human rights of children with particular attention to the rights of special protection and care afforded to minors, including their right to association with both parents, human identity as well as the basic needs for food, universal state-paid education, health care and criminal laws appropriate for the age and development of the child, equal protection of the child's civil rights, and freedom from discrimination on the basis of the child's race, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, religion, disability, colour, ethnicity, or other characteristics. Interpretations of children's rights range from allowing children the capacity for autonomous action to the enforcement of children being physically, mentally and emotionally free from abuse, though what constitutesabuse is a matter of debate. Other definitions include the rights to care and nurturing. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: [Children and families] Human rights RT: Child custody Child labour Child rearing Children Civil and political rights Ethics Family law Parent and child Right to education Children's television UF: Children's TV BT: Television RT: Children Children's literature Educational television Children's TV USE: Children's television Children as writers BT: Writers RT: Children Children's art Children's literature Children in literature Creative development Creative writing Literary composition Writing education Written examinations Written work Children at risk (psychosocial) USE: Psychosocial risk Children in care UF: Looked-after children Looked after children Orphanages Residential child care BT: Children RT: Adopted children Boarding schools Child abuse Child custody Child welfare Community home schools Deserted children Foster children Juvenile courts Orphans Children in hospital USE: Hospitalised children Children in literature SN: Children as literary subject matter, not as authors, for which Children as writers is used. BT: Literature RT: Children Children's literature Children as writers Literary history Chile BT: South America RT: Latin America China BT: East Asia RT: Buddhism Chinese language Chinese people Chinese studies Communist countries Hong Kong Macao Taiwan Taoism Chinese language BT: East Asian languages RT: China Chinese people Chinese studies Hong Kong Malaysia Singapore Taiwan Chinese people BT: Ethnic groups RT: China Chinese language Chinese studies Hong Kong Malaysia Singapore Taiwan United States Chinese studies SN: Learning and teaching all aspects of Chinese language, life and culture. BT: Asian studies Modern languages education RT: China Chinese language Chinese people Hong Kong Malaysia Singapore Taiwan Chlorination USE: Water treatment Choice BT: Cognition Social concepts NT: Parental choice Social choice RT: Cognitive dissonance Decision Free will Judgment Personal conflict Response Choir schools BT: Schools RT: Music education Religious music Vocal music Choral music USE: Vocal music Choreography BT: Dance RT: Ballet Movement Movement studies Christianity BT: Modern religions NT: Church Protestantism Roman Catholicism RT: Baptist education Christianity and education Church of England education Church of Scotland education Congregational education Free Church of Scotland education Judaism Methodism and education Quaker education Roman Catholic education Christianity and education SN: Influence of Christian thought and institutions on educational thought and practice. UF: Church and education BT: Religion and education NT: Baptist education Church of England education Church of Scotland education Congregational education Free Church of Scotland education Methodism and education Quaker education Roman Catholic education RT: Charity schools Christianity Church Sunday schools Theology education Christmas Island BT: Australasia RT: Islands Chronology SN: Science of arranging events in the order of their occurrence in time. BT: History Science RT: Time Church BT: Christianity RT: Christianity and education Ministers of religion Religion Religious groups Church and education USE: Christianity and education Church history USE: Religious history Church of England education BT: Christianity and education RT: Christianity Church of Scotland education Protestantism Religious education Religious groups Religious schools Church of England schools BT: Religious schools Church of Scotland education BT: Christianity and education RT: Christianity Church of England education Protestantism Religious education Religious groups Religious schools Cinema BT: Mass media Performing arts NT: Cinematography Film criticism Film industry Film making Films RT: Film studies Television Theatre Cinematography BT: Cinema Photography RT: Film making Projectors Circulation (libraries) UF: Lending (libraries) Library circulation Loans (libraries) BT: Library administration Citations UF: Bibliographic references References (bibliographic) BT: Books RT: Bibliographic databases Bibliographies Text Cities USE: Urban areas Citizenship SN: How to be a good citizen, or how government impinges on the citizen (the individual as a consumer of public administration). Not used for nationality (use Nationality). BT: Rights RT: Citizenship education Civil and political rights Nationality Public administration Responsibility Citizenship education SN: Curriculum subject. UF: Civic education BT: Social science education RT: Basic education Citizenship Community education Community service Development education Folk high schools Human rights education Indoctrination Moral education Politics education Social education Social studies Values education City planning USE: Urban planning City technology colleges SN: Secondary schools with a technological ethos, in urban areas, run independently by private business sponsors, but with the help of state grants (UK). BT: Secondary schools RT: Business and education Comprehensive schools Cooperation in education Grammar schools Grant maintained schools Industry and education Language colleges Magnet schools Reorganisation of education Technology colleges Vocationalisation of education Civic education USE: Citizenship education Civil and political rights SN: Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from unwarranted infringement by governments and private organisations, and ensure one's ability to participate in the civil and political life of the state without discrimination or repression. Civil rights include the ensuring of peoples' physical and mental integrity, life and safety; protection from discrimination on grounds such as race, gender, national origin, colour, sexual orientation, ethnicity, religion, or disability; and individual rights such as privacy, the freedoms of thought and conscience, speech and expression, religion, the press, assembly and movement. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Human rights NT: Equal opportunity Freedom of expression Freedom of information Freedom of movement Nationality Privacy RT: Administration of justice Affirmative action Children's rights Citizenship Constitutional law Equality Ethics Justice Legal theory Maladministration Minority groups Occupied territories Ombudsman Oppression Philosophy of law Suffrage Women's rights Civil disobedience UF: Non-violent protest Nonviolent protest Passive resistance BT: Social protest RT: Civil disturbances Nonconformity Oppression Police Civil disturbances UF: Riots BT: Political violence Social action RT: Civil disobedience Civil war Police Revolution Social conflict Social protest Civil engineering BT: Engineering NT: Construction engineering RT: Civil engineering education Construction industry Hydraulic engineering Mining Reconstruction Surveying Transport engineering Civil engineering education UF: Surveying education BT: Engineering education RT: Architecture education Building education Civil engineering Environmental education Military studies Mining education Planning studies Civil servants USE: Civil service Civil service UF: Civil servants BT: Government RT: Administrative staff Bureaucracy Central government Departments of education Government departments Government educational bodies Local government officers National educational bodies Public administration Statutory bodies Civil war BT: Political violence War RT: Civil disturbances Revolution Social conflict Civilisation UF: Civilization BT: Culture NT: Ancient civilisations Byzantine civilisation RT: Anthropology Archaeology Cultural studies Futurology History of ideas Sociology of culture Civilization USE: Civilisation Class (social) USE: Social class Class consciousness BT: Attitudes Social relationships RT: Cultural bias Group differences Middle class Social class Social conflict Upper class Working class Class size BT: [Teaching and study] NT: Pupil teacher ratio Student teacher ratio RT: Classroom interaction Classroom management Classrooms Classwork Grouping Multiple classes School size Small schools Teacher supply Teaching load Classical civilisation UF: Classical civilization Greco-Roman civilisation Greco-Roman civilization BT: Ancient civilisations NT: Greek civilisation Hellenistic civilisation Roman civilisation RT: Classical history Classics education Greece Greek language (classical) Italy Latin language Classical civilization USE: Classical civilisation Classical Greek language USE: Greek language (classical) Classical history SN: History of classical civilisations. The long period of cultural history centred on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilisations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome, collectively known as the Greco-Roman world. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) BT: Ancient history RT: Classical civilisation Classical languages (examination subject) BT: Examination papers NT: Greek (examination subject) Latin (examination subject) Classics education SN: Curriculum subject. UF: Greek (classical) education Latin education BT: Humanities education RT: Ancient history education Archaeology education Classical civilisation Greek civilisation Greek language (classical) Hellenistic civilisation History education Latin language Literature education Roman civilisation Classification UF: Categorisation Categorization Taxonomy BT: Cognition NT: Classification of education RT: Comparative analysis Concept formation Conceptual analysis Content analysis Document description Morphology (biology) Plants Sociology of knowledge Subject indexing Terminology Typology Classification of education SN: Instrument suitable for assembling, compiling and presenting statistics of education BT: Classification RT: Educational institutions Educational systems Levels of education Statistics of education Classroom interaction BT: Social interaction Teacher pupil relations NT: Classroom management RT: Class size Classrooms Classwork Interpersonal communication Open education Pupil attitudes Teacher effectiveness Teacher expectations Teaching methods Classroom management BT: Classroom interaction RT: Authority Class size Classrooms Classwork Discipline Disruptive behaviour Teacher effectiveness Teacher expectations Classroom observation SN: Form term. BT: [Form terms] Classrooms SN: Used to describe the physical space of the classroom, as opposed to the interaction, teaching and learning which take place therein. BT: Educational buildings RT: Class size Classroom interaction Classroom management Classwork Open plan design Classwork UF: Pupils' work BT: Study methods RT: Class size Classroom interaction Classroom management Classrooms Grouping Homework Individual study Lessons Clauses USE: Grammar Cleanliness USE: Hygiene Clergy USE: Ministers of religion Clerical workers USE: Office workers Climate BT: Meteorology Clinical medicine USE: Medical treatment Clinical psychology USE: Psychiatry Clinics (health) USE: Health centres Closed circuit television UF: CCTV Closed circuit TV BT: Equipment Television RT: Educational television Video recording Closed circuit TV USE: Closed circuit television Closure BT: Reorganisation of education RT: Amalgamation Educational institutions School size Small schools Cloth USE: Textiles Clothing BT: Human needs NT: School clothing RT: Textiles Clubs BT: Organisations NT: Youth clubs RT: Associations Community centres Entertainment Evening schools Groups Leisure facilities Sport Sports facilities Clumsy children UF: Awkward children (physical) Physical awkwardness (children) BT: Perceptual motor disorders RT: Disability Hyperactivity Learning disabilities Neurology Cluster analysis BT: Statistical analysis RT: Contingency analysis Factor analysis Coaching USE: Tutoring Coaching (sports) USE: Sports coaching Cocos Islands BT: Australasia RT: Islands Code switching (language) SN: The concurrent use of more than one language in conversation BT: Sociolinguistics RT: Bilingualism Multilingualism Psycholinguistics Coeducation BT: Gender and education RT: Boys' schools Girls' schools Men's education Single sex education Women's education Coercion BT: Social relationships RT: Attitude change Conscription Cruelty Detention Freedom Learned helplessness Occupied territories Oppression Persuasion Police brutality Power Slavery Social conflict Social control Social integration Totalitarianism Cognition UF: Cognitive processes BT: [Cognition and learning] NT: Ability Aptitude Choice Classification Cognitive dissonance Cognitive social psychology Cognitive style Conceptualisation Consciousness Decision Educability Errors Experience Human information processing Imagination Intelligence Intuition Irrationality Judgment Knowledge Learning Memory Metacognition Perception Problem solving Readiness Skill Symbolic processes Thinking Will RT: Artificial intelligence Attention Cognitive development Cognitive disorders Cognitive process instruction Epistemology Cognitive development SN: Increasing complexity of awareness, including perceiving, conceiving, reasoning and judging through adaptation to the environment and assimilation of information. When applied to a particular age group, used with age group term (for example Preschool children) not with development term (for example Preschool development), unless the general development at that stage of life is also being discussed. BT: Developmental psychology NT: Concept formation Creative development Egocentrism Intellectual development RT: Cognition Cognitive process instruction Cognitive style Genetic epistemology Language development Moral development Perceptual motor development Personality development Psychosocial development Socialisation Cognitive disorders UF: Rational process disorders BT: Disorders Mental disorders NT: Memory disorders RT: Cognition Cognitive style Down's syndrome Irrationality Language difficulties Learning difficulties Mental disability Neurology Perceptual motor disorders Reading problems Cognitive dissonance SN: In modern psychology, cognitive dissonance is the feeling of discomfort when simultaneously holding two or more conflicting cognitions: ideas, beliefs, values or emotional reactions. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) BT: Cognition RT: Choice Cognitive style Decision Defence mechanisms Irrationality Judgment Personal conflict Cognitive process instruction SN: Approach to teaching (in general or in a particular subject) emphasising the development of thinking, learning and problem solving skills, and leading to lasting understanding. UF: Thinking education BT: [Teaching and study] RT: Cognition Cognitive development Cognitive style Comprehension Concept learning Diagnostic teaching Explanation Intelligence Learning style Philosophy education Problem solving Reasoning Thinking Cognitive processes USE: Cognition Cognitive social psychology UF: Social cognition BT: Cognition Social psychology NT: Attitudes Attribution Expectations Social perception RT: Cognitive therapy Ethnomethodology Hermeneutics Socialisation Symbolic interaction Cognitive style SN: Information processing habits which represent a person's typical modes of perceiving, thinking, remembering and problem solving BT: Cognition Traits RT: Aptitude Attention Cognitive development Cognitive disorders Cognitive dissonance Cognitive process instruction Comprehension Educability Genetic epistemology Intuition Learning style Procedural knowledge Readiness Reflective practice Cognitive therapy SN: Treatment aimed at changing the patient's cognitive schema in order to improve a distorted self-view and/or world view. BT: Psychotherapy RT: Cognitive social psychology Expectations Locus of control Self concept Self esteem Self perception Self regulation Social perception Cohort studies USE: Longitudinal studies Cohort studies research USE: Longitudinal research Collections (teaching aids) BT: Learning resources RT: Educational displays Exhibitions Instructional materials Museums and education Realia (teaching aids) Resource centres Specimens (teaching aids) Collective bargaining BT: Industrial relations RT: Industrial conflict Industrial democracy Job evaluation Professional associations Trade unions Wages Collective choice USE: Social choice Collectivist economy BT: Comparative economics RT: Communism Cooperatives Economic policy Left (political) Marxism Public sector Socialism State intervention College libraries USE: Academic libraries College school cooperation BT: Cooperation in education RT: Articled teachers Coordination in education Educational progress Inservice teacher education Licensed teachers Professional tutors Secondary education Teaching practice Tertiary education Tertiary education institutions Colleges of further education USE: Further education institutions Colleges of higher education BT: Higher education institutions RT: Advanced further education Central institutions Liberal arts colleges Polytechnics Teacher education colleges Universities University colleges Vocational colleges Colloquial language UF: Slang BT: Language variation RT: Creoles Dialects Idioms Pidgins Spoken language Vernacular languages Colombia BT: South America RT: Latin America Colonial education SN: History of education in the colonial period of a country BT: Colonialism History of education RT: Comparative education Decolonisation of education Developing countries Development and education Development education Educational imperialism Educational interdependence Educational transfer History of education studies Missionary education Colonial policy SN: Used with name of colonising country to express colonial policy in one or more colonies. BT: Government policy Policy RT: Colonialism Cultural imperialism Decolonisation Developing countries Development aid policy Educational aid policy Foreign relations Imperialism Colonialism SN: Used with name of colonised country to express colonial policy and administration in that country BT: Political theory NT: Colonial education RT: Colonial policy Cultural imperialism Decolonisation Developing countries Development aid Imperialism Liberation movements Nationalism Occupied territories Color USE: Colour Color perception USE: Visual perception Colour UF: Color BT: Physics RT: Visual perception Colour perception USE: Visual perception Combative sports UF: Boxing Fencing Judo Wrestling BT: Leisure activities Sport Combined libraries (public / academic) USE: Academic libraries Combined libraries (public/academic) USE: Academic libraries Combined nursery centers USE: Combined nursery centres Combined nursery centres SN: Combined facilities providing day nursery care for infants and nursery school education for older preschoolers, thus covering the whole preschool range. UF: Combined nursery centers BT: Preschool settings RT: Child minding Day nurseries Nursery nursing Nursery schools Playgroups Comics BT: Books Popular literature RT: Cartoons Children's literature Serials Commerce USE: Trade Commercial art SN: Commercial art is the art of creative services, referring to art created for commercial purposes, primarily advertising. The term has become increasingly anachronistic in favor of more contemporary terms such as graphic design and advertising art. Commercial art traditionally includes designing books, advertisements of different products, signs, posters, and other displays to promote sale or acceptance of products, services, or ideas. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) BT: Graphic arts RT: Advertising Drawing Graphic design Illustration Public relations Commercial education USE: Business studies Commercialisation of education USE: Marketisation of education Commercialization of education USE: Marketisation of education Committees BT: Administrative structure Organisations RT: Groups Meetings Commonwealth USE: Commonwealth of Nations Commonwealth of Nations SN: An intergovernmental organisation of 54 independent member states. All members except Mozambique and Rwanda were part of the British Empire, out of which the Commonwealth developed UF: British Commonwealth Commonwealth BT: [Geographical locations] International relations RT: Antigua and Barbuda Australia Bahamas Bangladesh Barbados Belize Botswana Brunei Cameroon Canada Commonwealth studies Cyprus Dominica Gambia Ghana Great Britain Grenada Guyana India Jamaica Kenya Kiribati Lesotho Malawi Malaysia Maldives Malta Mauritius Mozambique Namibia Nauru New Zealand Nigeria Pakistan Papua New Guinea Rwanda Saint Kitts-Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent Samoa Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Solomon Islands South Africa Sri Lanka Swaziland Tanzania Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tuvalu Uganda Vanuatu Zambia Commonwealth studies SN: Curriculum subject BT: International studies RT: Area studies Australia Commonwealth of Nations Development studies Communication BT: [Social context for human activity] NT: Communication media Communication process Computer mediated communication Indoctrination Signs Symbols Telecommunication RT: Censorship Communication psychology Information Information technology Linguistics Media studies Secrecy Transport Communication and information theory USE: Communication process Communication difficulties SN: Impairment of an individual's ability to communicate, for any reason BT: Special educational needs NT: Language difficulties RT: Autism Communication media Communication psychology Deafness Hearing impairment Learning difficulties Learning disabilities Mild learning difficulties Multiple disabilities Multiple learning difficulties Partial hearing Perceptual motor disorders Physical disability Voice care Communication media SN: Media via which communication takes place. Not used if Mass media is more appropriate. BT: Communication RT: Communication difficulties Communication process Communication psychology Information technology Media studies Telecommunication Communication personnel BT: Personnel NT: Broadcasting personnel Interpreters RT: Cultural personnel Intellectuals Journalism Professional personnel Publishing Communication process UF: Communication and information theory Information theory BT: Communication NT: Communication skills Group communication Interpersonal communication Mass communication RT: Communication media Communication psychology Content analysis Communication psychology BT: Applied psychology RT: Advertising Communication Communication difficulties Communication media Communication process Communication skills Group communication Interpersonal communication Mass communication Nonverbal communication Pragmatics Propaganda Psycholinguistics Public relations Social psychology Communication skills BT: Communication process NT: Lipreading Listening Listening skills Narrative Nonverbal communication Oracy Reading Speaking skills Speech Writing RT: Child literacy Communication psychology Communicative competence Core skills Group communication Interpersonal communication Interpreting Literary composition Mass communication Pragmatics Public relations Communication studies USE: Media studies Communicative competence SN: Approach to language teaching (especially in foreign languages) which emphasises successful functioning in communication situations. BT: Teaching methods RT: Communication skills Conversation education ESOL ESOL education Foreign languages Functional literacy Interference (language) Interpersonal communication Language development Language studies Languages for specific purposes Languages for specific purposes education Modern languages education Oracy Pragmatics Second language Communism UF: Bolshevism Marxism Leninism BT: Political theory RT: Collectivist economy Communist countries Comparative politics Eastern Europe Left (political) Marxism Marxism and education Socialism Socialism and education State intervention Totalitarianism Communist countries SN: States with a form of government characterised by single-party rule or dominant-party rule of a communist party and a professed allegiance to a Leninist or Marxist-Leninist communist ideology as the guiding principle of the state BT: [Geographical locations] International relations RT: Albania Azerbaijan Cambodia China Communism Cuba Czechoslovakia East European studies Germany (Democratic Republic) Hungary Korea (North) Laos Marxism and education Mongolia Romania Socialism and education Vietnam Yemen (People's Democratic Republic) Yugoslavia Communities BT: Human geography Social groups NT: Community development Religious groups Villages RT: Community action Community and education Community behaviour Community centres Community education Community leaders Community participation Community psychology Community work Group differences Groups Minority groups Place names Residential areas Social environment Subcultures Community action BT: Community behaviour Social action RT: Communities Community development Community leaders Community participation Community psychology Community work Community and education BT: Sociology of education RT: Academic libraries Communities Community centres Community colleges Community development Community education Community leaders Community schools Culture and education Educational environment Educational priority areas Home background Parent teacher organisations Parents and schools Small schools Community behavior USE: Community behaviour Community behaviour UF: Community behavior Community integration BT: Social behaviour NT: Community action Community participation RT: Communities Community development Community psychology Prosocial behaviour Social choice Social participation Community care SN: Assisted independence, of the physically and mentally disabled. BT: Social action RT: Caring professions Community work Day care Health visiting Home care Rehabilitation Residential care Social work Community centers USE: Community centres Community centres SN: Local centres for all kinds of academic and recreational activities UF: Community centers BT: Facilities RT: Adult education institutions Clubs Communities Community and education Community colleges Community education Community leaders Community work Evening schools Multishift systems Study centres for distance learners Community colleges SN: Post-secondary education institutions which combine technical education and advanced level studies (or equivalent) with the provision of educational, social and cultural activities for adults in the area. BT: Adult education institutions Further education institutions RT: Community and education Community centres Community education Community schools County colleges Folk high schools Junior colleges Sixteen to nineteen education Sixth form colleges Technical colleges Tertiary colleges Community development BT: Communities Economic and social development Human geography RT: Basic education Community action Community and education Community behaviour Community education Community leaders Community participation Community psychology Community work Development aid Functional literacy Literacy Rural development Traditional education Urban development Community education SN: Extending existing educational resources and programmes into the community to serve all age groups and special target groups BT: Development education RT: Adult education Basic education Citizenship education Communities Community and education Community centres Community colleges Community development Community leaders Community schools Community service Community work Folk high schools Functional literacy education Literacy education Nonformal education Out of school education Rural development education Rural education Traditional education Community health care USE: Primary health care Community home schools SN: Residential institutions for children in the care of the local authority UF: Approved schools Correctional schools Reformatory schools BT: Detention Special schools RT: Children in care Detention centres Emotional and behavioural difficulties Intermediate treatment Juvenile delinquency Special units Community integration USE: Community behaviour Community languages SN: Spoken as mother tongue by non-indigenous or other linguistic minority communities. Not used with individual language terms unless work deals with specific languages in depth as well. Compare with Vernacular languages. BT: Modern languages RT: Bilingualism Community languages education Foreign languages Immigrants Language policy Mother tongue Multilingualism Multiracial communities Vernacular languages Community languages education SN: Curriculum subject. Education in community languages and associated cultural studies. Community languages are languages spoken as the mother tongue by non-indigenous or other linguistic minority communities BT: Modern languages education RT: Bilingual education Bilingual materials Community languages Decolonisation of education Language policy Limited English speakers Mother tongue education Multicultural education Second language Community leaders BT: Social groups RT: Communities Community action Community and education Community centres Community development Community education Community work Social workers Youth leaders Community participation SN: Participation by the community in government, administration or similar. BT: Community behaviour Participation RT: Communities Community action Community development Democratisation Local government representatives Political participation Pressure groups Public participation in planning Community psychology SN: Application of psychological methods to problems arising in a community; particularly from the perspective that people and their problems must be understood by considering the social settings and systems of which they are a part and with which they interact BT: Applied psychology RT: Communities Community action Community behaviour Community development Environmental psychology Social conditions Social problems Social welfare Community schools SN: Schools open beyond ordinary hours for the use of pupils, their parents and the community. BT: Schools RT: Community and education Community colleges Community education Comprehensive schools Community service SN: Donated service or activity that is performed by someone or a group of people for the benefit of the public or its institutions. Not the same as volunteering, since it is not always done voluntarily. It may be done for a variety of resons: as part of citizenship requirements; in lieu of, or in addition to, other criminal justice sanctions; school may mandate it as part of a class or course, as in the case of service learning. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) BT: Noncustodial punishment RT: Attendance centres Citizenship education Community education Community work Conscription Intermediate treatment Unemployment Voluntary work Community work BT: Social action RT: Communities Community action Community care Community centres Community development Community education Community leaders Community service Day care Group work (social work) Social work Youth work Comoros BT: East Africa RT: Arab countries French speaking Africa Islamic countries Mayotte Swahili-speaking peoples Comparability USE: Standardisation Comparative analysis SN: Used for works about comparative analysis or research methods for which there is no specific term such as Comparative education. UF: Cross national analysis BT: Research methods RT: Classification Comparative economics Comparative education Comparative politics Comparative sociology Comparative studies Cross cultural analysis Indicators Typology Comparative case studies USE: Comparative studies Comparative economics BT: Economics NT: Collectivist economy Economic interdependence International economic systems RT: Capitalism Comparative analysis Comparative politics Comparative sociology Economic analysis Economic and social development Economic and social planning Economic conditions Economic history Economic policy Economic structure Economic theory International trade Macroeconomics Comparative education SN: Study of the comparison of educational theory and practice in different countries BT: Education NT: Educational interdependence Educational transfer RT: Colonial education Comparative analysis Comparative education studies Comparative sociology Cross cultural analysis Educational aid Educational imperialism Educational research Educational systems International education International educational bodies Comparative education case studies USE: Comparative studies Comparative education studies SN: Comparative education as curriculum subject BT: Education studies International studies RT: Area studies Comparative education Development studies History of education studies Comparative linguistics USE: Contrastive linguistics Comparative politics UF: Political systems BT: Government NT: Democracy Totalitarianism RT: Capitalism Communism Comparative analysis Comparative economics Comparative sociology Political development Comparative psychology SN: Human versus primitive versus animal. BT: Psychology RT: Animal behaviour Anthropology Comparative sociology Cross cultural psychology Evolution Evolutionism Human nature Primates Primitive cultures Social anthropology Sociobiology Comparative religion USE: Religious systems Comparative sociology BT: Sociology RT: Comparative analysis Comparative economics Comparative education Comparative politics Comparative psychology Cross cultural analysis Political sociology Social conditions Social factors Comparative studies SN: Form term. Indicates comparative treatment. UF: Comparative case studies Comparative education case studies International surveys BT: [Form terms] RT: Comparative analysis Compensatory education SN: Education that seeks to compensate for environmental and experiential deficits in relation to such areas as schooling, housing, employment, poverty, racism and other social and cultural factors BT: Educational opportunity RT: Disadvantage Educability Educational priority areas Enrichment (curriculum) Learning disabilities Learning support Lifelong education Low achievement Supplementary education Urban education Competence (personal) USE: Personal effectiveness Competency based education SN: Education that emphasizes the specification, learning and demonstration of those competencies (knowledge, skills, behaviours) that are of central importance to a given task or activity. BT: Teaching methods RT: Ability Achievement Aims of education Behavioural objectives Instructional design Instructional objectives Mastery learning Personal effectiveness SATs Competition SN: Psychological aspects BT: Social behaviour Social relationships RT: Cooperation Nonconformity Sport Traits Complaints procedure USE: Grievance procedures Complaints procedures USE: Grievance procedures Composition education USE: Writing education Comprehension SN: Act of understanding the meaning UF: Understanding BT: Learning RT: Cognitive process instruction Cognitive style Concept learning Diagnostic teaching Explanation Interference Intuition Knowledge Learning style Readability Readiness Comprehensive schools SN: Used for any aspect of education applied specifically to these schools, not just management or buildings. BT: Secondary schools RT: City technology colleges Community schools Grammar schools Grant maintained schools Language colleges Nongraded schools Reorganisation of education Secondary modern schools Technical schools Technology colleges Compulsory education BT: State and education RT: Conscription Deschooling School leaving age State education Universal primary education Computer aided design and manufacture UF: CAD/CAM Computer assisted manufacture BT: Computer applications RT: Building design Computer graphics Design Industrial design Robotics Technical drawing Computer applications BT: Computer software NT: Artificial intelligence Computer aided design and manufacture Computer assisted learning Computer games Computer graphics Computer simulation Computers in education Databases Desktop publishing Email Information handling automation Robotics Spreadsheets Word processing RT: Computer programming Computer assisted learning UF: Electronic learning BT: Computer applications Computers in education RT: Audiovisual instruction Authoring systems Calculators Computer education Computer games Computer simulation Distance education Educational software Human computer interaction Hypermedia Information technology Information technology education Interactive video in education Language laboratories Programmed instruction Teaching machines Computer assisted manufacture USE: Computer aided design and manufacture Computer bulletin boards USE: Computer mediated communication Computer communications (human aspects) USE: Computer mediated communication Computer communications (technical aspects) USE: Computer networks (technical apsects) Computer conferencing USE: Computer mediated communication Computer education SN: Computing as a curriculum subject UF: Computer science education BT: Technology education RT: Computer assisted learning Computers Educational software Electronic engineering education Information technology Information technology education Office studies Computer games UF: Adventure games (computers) BT: Computer applications Indoor games RT: Children's games Computer assisted learning Computer graphics Educational games Educational software Entertainment Virtual reality Computer graphics BT: Computer applications RT: Computer aided design and manufacture Computer games Graphic arts Graphic design Graphical user interfaces Computer languages SN: Used for works on programming in a particular language. Additional subject field added for the name of the language, with Computer program language after it in brackets. UF: Programming languages BT: Computer programming Languages RT: Contrastive linguistics Linguistics Computer mediated communication SN: Human and application aspects of computer communications and networking. For technical aspects, Computer networking is used. UF: Computer bulletin boards Computer communications (human aspects) Computer conferencing Electronic communication (human aspects) BT: Communication Computers NT: Electronic publishing Email RT: Blended learning Computer networks (technical apsects) Group communication Information technology Information technology education Interpersonal communication Online information processing Online information retrieval Telecommunication Teleconferencing Computer models USE: Computer simulation Computer networking USE: Computer networks (technical apsects) Computer networks (technical apsects) SN: Technical aspects of computer communications and networking UF: Authentication Bandwidth Broadband Computer communications (technical aspects) Computer networking Electronic communication (technical aspects) Wireless BT: Computers RT: Computer mediated communication Email Information technology Online information processing Online systems Teleconferencing Computer personnel BT: Computers Personnel RT: Computer programming Scientific personnel Computer programming SN: Used for programming in general, not in a particular language (for which Computer languages is used). BT: Computers NT: Authoring systems Computer languages RT: Computer applications Computer personnel Data analysis Human computer interaction Computer science BT: Computers Computer science education USE: Computer education Computer simulation UF: Computer models BT: Computer applications Computers in education Simulation RT: Artificial intelligence Computer assisted learning Virtual reality Computer software SN: General works about computer software. Not used for works about individual software packages BT: Computers NT: Computer applications Educational software RT: Human computer interaction Computers UF: Microcomputers BT: Information technology NT: Computer mediated communication Computer networks (technical apsects) Computer personnel Computer programming Computer science Computer software Computers in education Data processing Human computer interaction Online systems RT: Artificial intelligence Computer education Reliability engineering Computers in education SN: Used for general works discussing the place of, or various applications of, computers in education. UF: Educational computing (general) BT: [Teaching and study] Computer applications Computers Educational facilities NT: Blended learning Computer assisted learning Computer simulation Educational technology RT: Educational software Concentration USE: Attention Concept formation SN: Developmental, in children or adolescents. Used on its own to express development in childhood and/or adolescence in general. A specific age group term is added if appropriate. For specific concepts (such as time, geometry or social inequality) additional subject fields are added. Concept formation stands in relation to Conceptualisation in the same way as Cognitive development stands to Cognition. BT: Cognitive development Conceptualisation NT: Concept learning RT: Classification Concepts Egocentrism Genetic epistemology Intellectual development Language development Concept learning SN: Emphasis on teaching or learning situation. BT: Concept formation Learning RT: Cognitive process instruction Comprehension Concepts Conceptualisation Symbolic learning Concepts SN: Used for works about the concept of concepts. Not used for conceptual analysis of a particular subject, for which Conceptual analysis is used. BT: Conceptualisation RT: Concept formation Concept learning Conceptual analysis History of ideas Conceptual analysis SN: The analysis of concepts, including, for a given concept, the search for its definition. Used for philosophical or conceptual treatment of subjects outside the scope of mainstream philosophy. BT: Philosophy RT: Classification Concepts Lexicography Linguistic philosophy Moral concepts Philosophy of language Semantics Terminology Typology Conceptualisation SN: Processes involved in forming, having and using concepts in general (with the actual concept added in subfield if necessary). For the development of concepts in childhood and/or adolescence, Concept formation is used (and separate subject fields for specific concepts are added). Conceptualisation therefore stands in relation to Concept formations as Cognition stands to Cognitive development. UF: Conceptualization Representation (concepts) BT: Cognition NT: Concept formation Concepts RT: Concept learning Knowledge Recognition Semantics Symbolic processes Thinking Conceptualization USE: Conceptualisation Conciliation USE: Conflict resolution Concordances BT: Secondary documents Conditioning SN: Experimental procedures that attempt systematically to modify or control natural behaviour BT: Behaviour RT: Behaviour modification Behavioural objectives Behaviourism Reinforcement Response Stimulus Conditions of employment BT: Employment Law NT: Day release Dismissal Educational leave Maternity provisions Paternity provisions Pensions Retirement Sabbatical leave Tenure Vacations Wages RT: Contracts Grievance procedures Industrial relations Personnel management Recruitment Teaching load Working conditions Conductive education SN: An educational system specifically developed for children and adults who have motor disorders of neurological origin such as cerebral palsy. It is based on the premise that a person who has a motor disorder may not only have a medical condition requiring treatment, but may often have a major problem in learning that requires special education UF: CE BT: Special educational needs RT: Disability Multiple disabilities Multiple learning difficulties Perceptual motor disorders Physical mobility Conferences SN: Form term. Used for reports of actual conferences (limited to international conferences on education in general), or for lists of forthcoming conferences or seminars. For works about role or use of conferences, seminars or colloquia, Congresses or Seminars are used. BT: [Form terms] RT: Congresses Seminars Conferences (teaching method) USE: Seminars Confiscation USE: Noncustodial punishment Conflict resolution UF: Arbitration Conciliation BT: Social action NT: Peace making RT: Cooperation Industrial conflict International conflict International law Interpersonal conflict Peace studies Social conflict Conformity UF: Obedience BT: Social concepts Traits RT: Authoritarianism Cooperation Customs and traditions Habit Imitation Inhibitions Institutionalisation Interpersonal influence Locus of control Nonconformity Norms Peer groups Social control Socialisation Confucianism SN: Chinese ethical and philosophical system developed from the teachings of Confucius. Does not involve a belief in the supernatural or in a personal god. BT: Belief Congenital impairments USE: Birth defects Congo (Democratic Republic) UF: Zaire BT: Central Africa RT: French speaking Africa Congo (Republic) BT: Central Africa RT: French speaking Africa Congregational education SN: Influence of Congregational thought and institutions on educational thought and practice. Congregational churches are Protestant Christian churches practicing Congregationalist church governance, in which each congregation independently and autonomously runs its own affairs. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Christianity and education RT: Christianity Protestantism Religious education Religious groups Religious schools Congregations USE: Religious groups Congresses SN: Use of congresses or conferences as a means of policy making or debate. BT: Group communication RT: Conferences Exhibitions Meetings Seminars Teleconferencing Congressmen USE: Politicians Conscience BT: Moral behaviour Moral concepts RT: Autonomy Discipline Ego Guilt Inhibitions Moral development Morality Psychoanalysis Shame Socialisation Consciousness UF: Awareness BT: Cognition NT: Attention RT: Artificial intelligence Meditation Metacognition Philosophy of mind Self concept Thinking Unconscious Conscription UF: National service BT: Armed forces RT: Coercion Community service Compulsory education Slavery Consent BT: Social relationships Conservation UF: Amenities conservation BT: Environmental sciences NT: Conservation of nature Energy conservation RT: Environment Environmental management Conservation of nature UF: Landscape protection Nature conservation Wildlife protection BT: Conservation Environmental management RT: Agricultural development Animals Environmental education Industrial development Land use Natural environment Natural resources Plants Pollution control Rural development Conservatism BT: Political theory Social concepts RT: Capitalism Liberalism Nationalism Radicalism Right (political) Socialism Constitution SN: Form term. Used for actual constitutions. BT: [Form terms] RT: Constitutional law Government Constitutional law SN: Used for works about constitutions. BT: Law RT: Administrative law Civil and political rights Constitution Executive Government Legislature Nationality Political theory Public administration Construction engineering BT: Civil engineering NT: Reconstruction RT: Architecture Building design Building services Buildings Built environment Construction industry Educational building maintenance Housing Construction industry UF: Building industry BT: Manufacturing industries RT: Buildings Civil engineering Construction engineering Consultants USE: Specialists Consultants (education) USE: Advisers Consumer education SN: Curriculum subject. Study of intelligent and effective methods of buying and using goods and services, competent money management and relationship of the consumer to the economic system. BT: Home economics education RT: Consumers Consumption Economic awareness Economics education Leisure studies Consumer guides SN: Form term. Actual guides aimed at the consumers of various services, educational institutions or similar. BT: [Form terms] RT: Charters (specified standards) Consumers Consumption Consumers BT: Social groups RT: Advertising Consumer education Consumer guides Consumption Customer care Distributive trade Home economics Market research Marketing Consumption BT: Economic conditions Social concepts RT: Advertising Consumer education Consumer guides Consumers Cost of living Customer care Distributive trade Industrial production Market research Marketing Supply and demand Trade Contact tracing SN: Medical BT: Preventive medicine RT: Epidemiology Health visiting Immunisation Infectious diseases Medical inspection Contemporary art BT: Modern art RT: Art styles Modernism Postmodernism Content analysis SN: Content analysis or textual analysis is a methodology in the social sciences for studying the content of communication BT: Analysis Document description RT: Classification Communication process Curriculum analysis Discourse analysis Item analysis Linguistic analysis Subject indexing Text Contiguity (learning) USE: Associative learning Contingency analysis SN: Simulation analysis that employs different qualitative assumptions (associated with probable events or phenomenon) to paint different scenarios, and tries to come up with the most optimal responses under the circumstances BT: Statistical analysis RT: Cluster analysis Correlation Factor analysis Continuing education USE: Lifelong education Continuity SN: Persistence, or discontinuity, of psychological characteristics between generations, laterally between relatives of the same generation or temporally during growth and ageing. BT: Developmental psychology RT: Genetic psychology Interactional psychology Life events Longitudinal research Nature nurture controversy Traits Continuous assessment UF: Course work Course work assessment Coursework Coursework assessment BT: Educational assessment RT: A level examinations A level examinations (AS) Examinations GCSE Internal assessment Marking Profiles in education Self assessment Teacher participation Written work Continuous education USE: Lifelong education Contraception USE: Family planning Contraception education USE: Family planning education Contract funding in education BT: Economics of education RT: Auditing Contracting out services Contracts Educational budgetary control Educational finance Financial support Income generation in education Performance indicators Proposal writing Contract law USE: Contracts Contracting out services SN: Practice of divesting central or local governmental bodies of various activities or services previously carried out by them, to be provided by third party agencies on a contractual basis. BT: Public administration RT: Contract funding in education Contracts Devolution Franchising in education Privatisation Contracts UF: Contract law BT: Law RT: Business economics Conditions of employment Contract funding in education Contracting out services Franchising in education Property Trade Contrastive linguistics SN: Study of the similarities and differences between languages and dialects or between different periods in the historical development of one language UF: Comparative linguistics BT: Linguistics NT: Language variation RT: Computer languages Sociolinguistics Translation Control of education SN: Social, bureaucratic, governmental or ideological control (or lack of it) of an educational system or parts thereof. BT: State and education RT: Administration of education Central local government relations Democracy in education Government educational bodies Grant maintained schools Politics and education Social control Controversial issues (subject matter) SN: Matters of public concern and controversy discussed in, for example, social studies or science and society studies classes. BT: Curriculum RT: Moral education Politics education Science and society studies Social problems Social studies Values education Convent schools USE: Roman Catholic schools Convents USE: Religious orders Conversation BT: Speech RT: Conversation education Discussions Interpersonal communication Meetings Pragmatics Social interaction Spoken language Conversation education BT: Language studies RT: Communicative competence Conversation English studies Grammar education Language and education Listening education Modern languages education Mother tongue education Oracy Speech education Vocabulary education Convocations (academic) USE: Administrative structure Cook Islands BT: Polynesia RT: Islands Small states Cookery education USE: Catering studies Cooperation SN: Psychological aspects BT: Social behaviour Social relationships RT: Agency cooperation Competition Conflict resolution Conformity Cooperation in education Cooperative planning Cultural cooperation International cooperation Prosocial behaviour Scientific cooperation Sociability Social exchange Teamwork Tolerance Cooperation in education BT: [Interaction between education and its social context] NT: Business and education College school cooperation Cooperative education Coordination in education Diversification of education Education with production Industry and education Parent participation Polytechnical education RT: Administration of education Agency cooperation Amalgamation Business education liaison City technology colleges Cooperation Cooperative planning Educational aid Educational aid policy Educational exchanges Educational interdependence Educational transfer Franchising in education Industry education liaison International cooperation International educational bodies Language colleges Team teaching Teamwork Training and enterprise councils Cooperative education SN: Programme for persons enrolled in an educational institution, providing for alternating study in that institution with a job in industry or business, the two experiences being planned cooperatively by institution and employer and contributing to student's development in the chosen occupation BT: Cooperation in education RT: Apprenticeship Business education liaison Day release Education for working life Education with production Employment and education Experiential learning Industry education liaison Inservice training Job training Training and enterprise councils Vocational education Vocationalisation of education Youth employment programmes Cooperative planning SN: Process by which individuals, groups or institutions determine mutual objectives and the means for obtaining them UF: Inter agency planning Interagency planning BT: Planning RT: Agency cooperation Cooperation Cooperation in education Coordination in education Decision making International cooperation Policy making Teamwork Cooperative teaching USE: Team teaching Cooperatives BT: Enterprises NT: Friendly societies RT: Collectivist economy Industrial democracy Private enterprises Public enterprises Coordination in education SN: Degree of articulation between different parts of the education system BT: Cooperation in education RT: College school cooperation Cooperative planning Diversification of education Educational institutions Educational progress Educational systems Copy preparation UF: Proof correction BT: Publishing RT: Book production Printing Writing Copyright SN: A legal concept, enacted by most governments, giving the creator of an original work exclusive rights to it, usually for a limited time. It is a form of intellectual property (like the patent, the trademark, and the trade secret) applicable to any expressible form of an idea or information that is substantive and discrete. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) UF: Intellectual property BT: Property RT: Censorship Design Patents Plagiarism Publishing Writing Core curriculum SN: A group of subjects or objectives to be attained by all pupils in the course of their school careers. Also the essential or basic parts of the curriculum of an educational institution which must be studied by all its students. BT: Curriculum RT: Core skills Curriculum relevance National curriculum Optional curriculum Traditional curriculum Core skills SN: Common skills (at a higher level than basic skills) such as problem solving, communication, personal autonomy, or competence in mathematics or information technology or foreign language/s or economic awareness which may underlie, or be fostered by, different curricula or types of education or training. UF: Transferable personal skills BT: Skill RT: Autonomy Basic skills Basic training Communication skills Core curriculum Economic awareness Information technology Information technology education National curriculum Numeracy Second language Corporal punishment UF: Beating (punishment) BT: Punishment RT: Noncustodial punishment Pain Corporate education SN: System of professional development activities provided to educate employees BT: Staff development RT: Business and education Industrial training Industry and education Vocational education Vocationalisation of education Correctional schools USE: Community home schools Correlation BT: Statistical analysis RT: Contingency analysis Ratio Regression analysis Reliability Significance testing Validity Variance analysis Correspondence courses BT: Courses RT: Distance education Extension education Flexible study Home education Homework Individual study Open colleges Open universities Cosmopolitanism BT: Culture International relations RT: Cultural identity Globalisation Cost benefit analysis BT: Financial administration RT: Budgetary control Cost effectiveness Costing Economic analysis Educational costs Input-output analysis Management techniques Cost effectiveness BT: Financial administration RT: Auditing Budgetary control Cost benefit analysis Costing Educational costs Performance Performance indicators Cost of living BT: Economic conditions RT: Consumption Inflation Quality of life Socioeconomic indicators Standard of living Costa Rica BT: Central America RT: Latin America Costing BT: Financial administration RT: Budgetary control Cost benefit analysis Cost effectiveness Educational costs Expenditure Côte d'Ivoire USE: Ivory Coast Councillors (local government) USE: Local government representatives Councilors (local government) USE: Local government representatives Counseling USE: Counselling Counselling SN: Counselling outside the educational situation (for which Pastoral care, Educational guidance, Vocational guidance are used as appropriate). UF: Counseling BT: Pastoral care RT: Educational guidance Guidance officers Intervention Mental health services Psychotherapy Social work Vocational guidance County colleges SN: Institutions for the compulsory part time education of working adolescents of postcompulsory school age. BT: Further education institutions RT: Community colleges Junior colleges Part time courses Part time students Sixteen to nineteen education Sixth form colleges Technical colleges Tertiary colleges County government USE: Local government Courage UF: Heroism BT: Moral concepts Traits RT: Aggression Fear Independence Course completion rate BT: Administration of education Course work USE: Continuous assessment Course work assessment USE: Continuous assessment Courses BT: [Curriculum, courses and organisation] NT: Access programmes Bridging courses Correspondence courses Foundation courses Joint study programmes Modular courses Noncredit courses One year courses Orientation courses Part time courses Refresher courses Residential courses Sandwich courses Short courses Study abroad Study tours Undergraduate courses Coursework USE: Continuous assessment Coursework assessment USE: Continuous assessment Courts (academic) USE: Administrative structure CPVE SN: Used with Prevocational education to express CPVE examinations: Examinations not added. UF: Certificate of Prevocational Education BT: Examinations RT: Education for working life Prevocational education Sixteen to nineteen education Upper secondary education Vocationalisation of education CQSW qualification BT: Qualifications Craft design and technology education USE: Design and technology education Crafts USE: Handicrafts Cramming USE: Tutoring Creationism SN: Creationism is the religious belief that life, the Earth, and the universe are the creation of a supernatural being. As science developed during the 18th century and forward, various views aimed at reconciling science with the Abrahamic creation narrative developed in Western societies. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013). Viewpoints attempting to rebut the theory of evolution in favour of one involving creation by an all-powerful being, as in the Biblical book of Genesis. BT: Belief RT: Evolutionism Religious doctrines Creative development UF: Artistic development BT: Cognitive development RT: Children's art Children as writers Creative writing Creativity Cultural education Emotional development Intellectual development Perceptual motor development Personality development Creative writing SN: Students' literary composition. Used with Children as writers for books of children's writing. Used also for process of creative writing. BT: Writing RT: Children as writers Creative development Creativity Figurative language Journalism Literary composition Literature Writing education Written language Creativity UF: Innovativeness Originality BT: Traits RT: Arts Creative development Creative writing Gifted children Gifted people Imagination Intelligence Intuition Inventions Literary composition Musical composition Crèches USE: Day nurseries Credit transfer (education) USE: Educational credits Creoles BT: Modern languages RT: Colloquial language Cultural contact Dialects Pidgins Sociolinguistics Vernacular languages Cricket BT: Ball games Crime SN: Relatively concrete, for example the rate of crime of a particular sort, or in a particular area. BT: Social problems NT: Homicide RT: Crime fiction Crime prevention Criminology Delinquency Law Law enforcement Police Punishment Crime fiction SN: Works about (for form type the term Crime novels is used). UF: Detective fiction Thrillers BT: Fiction Popular literature RT: Crime Crime novels Crime novels SN: Form term. Actual crime novels. For works about, Crime fiction is used. BT: Novels RT: Crime fiction Crime prevention BT: Authority Criminology RT: Crime Law enforcement Police Safety measures Criminology SN: Relatively abstract, for example a theoretical discussion of crime and related problems. BT: Law NT: Crime prevention RT: Administration of justice Antisocial behaviour Crime Delinquency Law enforcement Police Police education Punishment Sociology of law Crippled USE: Disability Criterion referenced assessment SN: Assessment in which test items are linked to stated objectives and scores are interpreted in terms of these objectives rather than a group norm UF: Graded tests BT: Educational assessment RT: Diagnostic testing Norm referenced assessment SATs Standardised testing Critical path analysis USE: Network analysis Critical sociology SN: Theories deriving from the Frankfurt School UF: Frankfurt School BT: Sociology RT: Hermeneutics Idealism Marxism Phenomenology Psychoanalysis Sociology of knowledge Croatia BT: Eastern Europe Mediterranean countries RT: Serbocroatian studies Yugoslavia Croatian USE: Serbocroatian language Cross cultural analysis SN: Works about, and cross cultural rather than just comparative in the sense of cross national BT: Analysis Research methods RT: Comparative analysis Comparative education Comparative sociology Cross cultural psychology Cultural bias Culture Sociology of culture Cross cultural psychology BT: Psychology RT: Comparative psychology Cross cultural analysis Cultural bias Cultural contact Cultural environment Cultural identity Cultural pluralism Culture Ethnic groups Primitive cultures Social anthropology Sociology of culture Cross disciplinary curriculum USE: Interdisciplinary curriculum Cross national analysis USE: Comparative analysis Cruelty BT: Moral concepts Traits NT: Child abuse Mental cruelty RT: Coercion Domestic violence Holocaust Interpersonal conflict Oppression Self protection Violence Cruelty to children USE: Child abuse Cruises (teaching method) USE: Study tours CSS qualification UF: Certificate in Social Service qualification BT: Qualifications Cuba BT: West Indies RT: Communist countries Latin America Cubs USE: Youth organisations Cultural activities BT: Arts and culture NT: Art galleries Exhibitions Museums RT: Arts Cultural cooperation Cultural education Cultural participation Cultural personnel Cultural policy Festivals Leisure activities Libraries Literature Mass media Performing arts Cultural anthropology USE: Social anthropology Cultural assimilation BT: Culture RT: Biculturalism Cultural change Cultural contact Cultural environment Cultural geography Cultural identity Cultural pluralism Culture and education Multicultural education Multiracial communities Social integration Sociology of culture Cultural behavior USE: Cultural behaviour Cultural behaviour SN: Influence of cultural background and presuppositions on behaviour. Not participation in high-cultural activities, for which Cultural participation is used. UF: Cultural behavior BT: Behaviour Culture Social behaviour RT: Biculturalism Cultural contact Cultural environment Cultural identity Cultural participation Cultural pluralism Etiquette Norms Popular culture Socialisation Sociology of culture Cultural bias BT: Bias Culture RT: Class consciousness Cross cultural analysis Cross cultural psychology Cultural environment Cultural imperialism Decolonisation of education Discrimination in education Prejudice Racial discrimination Racism Relativism Social inequality Sociology of culture Stereotyping Cultural change BT: Culture Social change NT: Cultural revolution RT: Cultural assimilation Cultural contact Cultural history Cultural identity Cultural imperialism Cultural pluralism Modernism Postmodernism Social movements Traditional cultures Cultural contact BT: Culture RT: Creoles Cross cultural psychology Cultural assimilation Cultural behaviour Cultural change Cultural cooperation Cultural environment Cultural geography Cultural identity Cultural imperialism Cultural isolation Cultural pluralism Culture and education Educational interdependence Educational transfer Foreigners Immigration Intergroup relations International understanding Multiracial communities Pidgins Race relations Sociology of culture Cultural cooperation BT: Culture RT: Cooperation Cultural activities Cultural contact Cultural policy International cooperation Cultural disadvantage USE: Disadvantage Cultural education SN: Curriculum subject. Education in the arts and similar cultural pursuits UF: Arts education BT: Humanities education NT: Art education Design education Drama education Literature education Movement studies Museum studies Music education RT: Arts Arts and culture Creative development Cultural activities Cultural personnel Folk high schools Liberal arts colleges Liberal education Cultural environment SN: Especially of institutions or individual situations; also with psychological terms BT: Culture Social environment NT: Biculturalism RT: Anthropology of education Cross cultural psychology Cultural assimilation Cultural behaviour Cultural bias Cultural contact Cultural identity Cultural pluralism Culture and education Ecological psychology Educational environment Ethnography Everyday life Genetic psychology Home background Interactional psychology Morality Nature nurture controversy Norms Popular culture Quality of life Regional characteristics Socialisation Sociology of culture Sociology of education Sociology of educational knowledge Subcultures Cultural geography BT: Human geography NT: Place names RT: Cultural assimilation Cultural contact Cultural history Cultural identity Cultural imperialism Cultural isolation Cultural pluralism Cultural studies Culture Environmental psychology Regional characteristics Cultural history BT: Culture History RT: Cultural change Cultural geography Cultural identity Primitive cultures Social history Traditional cultures Cultural identity SN: Cultural identity is the identity of a group or culture, or of an individual as far as one is influenced by one's belonging to a group or culture. Cultural identity is similar to and overlaps with, identity politics. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Culture RT: Cosmopolitanism Cross cultural psychology Cultural assimilation Cultural behaviour Cultural change Cultural contact Cultural environment Cultural geography Cultural history Cultural imperialism Cultural isolation Cultural pluralism Cultural policy Cultural revolution Culture and education Customs and traditions Ethnic groups National music Nationalism Nationality Primitive cultures Race relations Racism Regional characteristics Sociology of culture Subcultures Supplementary education Traditional cultures Traditional music Cultural imperialism SN: Use of political and economic power to exalt and spread one set of cultural values at the expense of others, including the values of a foreign culture at the expense of a native culture BT: Culture Imperialism RT: Colonial policy Colonialism Cultural bias Cultural change Cultural contact Cultural geography Cultural identity Cultural isolation Cultural policy Cultural revolution Developing countries Educational imperialism Missions Nationalism Social control Sociology of culture Traditional cultures Cultural isolation SN: Relative lack of participation in or communication with the larger cultural system, on the part of an individual or subculture BT: Culture RT: Cultural contact Cultural geography Cultural identity Cultural imperialism Primitive cultures Sociology of culture Subcultures Traditional cultures Cultural participation SN: Participation in high-cultural activities such as the arts BT: Arts and culture Participation RT: Audiences Cultural activities Cultural behaviour Entertainment Incidental learning Performing arts Popular culture Social participation Cultural personnel BT: Arts and culture Personnel NT: Actors Artists RT: Broadcasting personnel Communication personnel Cultural activities Cultural education Intellectuals Cultural pluralism SN: Coexistence within a society of culturally differentiated groups UF: Multiculturalism BT: Culture NT: Religious pluralism RT: Biculturalism Cross cultural psychology Cultural assimilation Cultural behaviour Cultural change Cultural contact Cultural environment Cultural geography Cultural identity Cultural policy Culture and education Foreigners Immigration Multicultural education Multilingualism Multiracial communities Nationality Popular culture Race relations Sociology of culture Subcultures Traditional cultures Cultural policy BT: Government policy Policy RT: Art galleries Arts and culture Cultural activities Cultural cooperation Cultural identity Cultural imperialism Cultural pluralism Educational policy Language policy Social policy Cultural revolution BT: Cultural change RT: Cultural identity Cultural imperialism Nationalism Revolution Social movements Social reform Cultural studies SN: Learning or teaching the study of culture in the widest sense. Study or research into culture, rather than a typical curriculum subject. For education in the arts and similar cultural pursuits as a curriculum subject, Cultural education is used. BT: Culture RT: Arts and culture Civilisation Cultural geography Culture and education Museum studies Museums and education Social anthropology Sociology education Sociology of culture Culture SN: Culture in a sociological and/or anthropological sense, (rather than high culture). BT: [Peoples and cultures] NT: Civilisation Cosmopolitanism Cultural assimilation Cultural behaviour Cultural bias Cultural change Cultural contact Cultural cooperation Cultural environment Cultural history Cultural identity Cultural imperialism Cultural isolation Cultural pluralism Cultural studies Oral composition Oral culture Primitive cultures Subcultures Traditional cultures RT: Biculturalism Cross cultural analysis Cross cultural psychology Cultural geography Intellectual disciplines Sociology of culture Culture and education SN: Relationship between education and culture in sociological and/or anthropological sense. BT: Education RT: Anthropology of education Community and education Cultural assimilation Cultural contact Cultural environment Cultural identity Cultural pluralism Cultural studies Decolonisation of education Educational environment Educational theory Home background Liberal education Multicultural education Nature nurture controversy Sociology of education Sociology of educational knowledge Subcultures Teacher role Curiosity UF: Inquisitiveness BT: Traits RT: Attention Imagination Interest Intrinsic motivation Learning style Motivation in education Curling USE: Winter sports Current awareness services USE: Bibliographies Curriculum BT: [Curriculum, courses and organisation] Education NT: Academic education Controversial issues (subject matter) Core curriculum Curriculum development Curriculum evaluation Curriculum relevance Curriculum statements Educational progress Enrichment (curriculum) General education General knowledge Interdisciplinary curriculum Learner centred curriculum National curriculum Open education Optional curriculum Paracurriculum Spiral curriculum Subject choice Syllabus construction Traditional curriculum Unified curriculum Vocationalisation of education RT: Curriculum analysis Intellectual disciplines Modular courses Sociology of educational knowledge Subject specialisation Curriculum analysis SN: Methods of analysis and review of curriculum structure and pattern in particular institutions, generally using quantitative, diagrammatical or other analytical means BT: Evaluation of education Research data RT: Content analysis Curriculum Curriculum development Curriculum evaluation Educational research Statistical analysis Syllabus construction Systems analysis Timetables Curriculum design USE: Curriculum development Curriculum development UF: Curriculum design Curriculum planning Curriculum revision BT: Curriculum RT: Curriculum analysis Curriculum evaluation Curriculum relevance Educational development Educational innovations Formative evaluation Instructional design Sociology of educational knowledge Syllabus construction Curriculum evaluation BT: Curriculum Evaluation of education RT: Curriculum analysis Curriculum development Educational research Formative evaluation Summative evaluation Syllabus construction Curriculum planning USE: Curriculum development Curriculum relevance SN: Place of topics or subjects within the curriculum and/or the relevance of curriculum subjects to the needs of pupils or students and/or society BT: Curriculum RT: Aims of education Core curriculum Curriculum development Curriculum statements Decolonisation of education Educational needs Educational opportunity Employment and education Learner centred curriculum National curriculum NVQs Occupational requirements Role of education Sociology of educational knowledge Unified curriculum Curriculum revision USE: Curriculum development Curriculum statements SN: Form term. Formal statements of structure and content of curriculum. BT: [Form terms] Curriculum RT: Aims of education Curriculum relevance Educational needs National curriculum Custody USE: Detention Customer care BT: Services RT: Consumers Consumption Pastoral care Public relations Student life Total quality management Customs and traditions BT: [Peoples and cultures] Norms RT: Ceremonies Conformity Cultural identity Etiquette Festivals Folklore Legends Oral culture Proverbs Rituals Social anthropology Traditional cultures Cuts (financial) USE: Budgetary control Cuts in education USE: Educational budgetary control Cyberbullying BT: Bullying Cypriots BT: Ethnic groups RT: Cyprus Greek (modern) studies Greek language (modern) Minority groups Cyprus BT: Mediterranean countries RT: Commonwealth of Nations Cypriots Greek (modern) studies Greek language (modern) Cytology USE: Cell biology Czech language BT: European languages Indo-European languages RT: Czech Republic Czechoslovakia Czech Republic SN: After partition of Czechoslovakia in December 1992 BT: Eastern Europe RT: Czech language Czechoslovakia Slovakia Czechoslovakia SN: Pre-1992 state before it split into the two separate states of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. BT: [Former states and territories] RT: Communist countries Czech language Czech Republic Eastern Europe Slovak language Slovakia Dahomey USE: Benin Daily life USE: Everyday life Dalton plan BT: Teaching systems Dance UF: Dancing BT: Performing arts NT: Ballet Choreography RT: Movement Movement studies Dance studies USE: Movement studies Dancing USE: Dance Danish language BT: European languages Indo-European languages RT: Denmark Daoism USE: Taoism Data analysis SN: Analysis, structuring, or tagging of data or text to facilitate its input into an information systems. Not used for statistical analysis. BT: Data processing RT: Computer programming Data collection Databases Item analysis Spreadsheets Statistical analysis Data collection UF: Automatic data collection BT: Research RT: Data analysis Databases Measures Research methods Statistical data Data processing BT: Computers NT: Data analysis RT: CD-ROMs Information handling automation Information technology Technology Word processing Databanks USE: Databases Databases SN: Assumed to be automated unless otherwise stated UF: Databanks BT: Computer applications Information systems NT: Bibliographic databases RT: Catalogues CD-ROMs Data analysis Data collection Electronic publishing Item banking Online information processing Online information retrieval Spreadsheets Day care SN: Day care of people (other than children) who may need care and supervision on account of age, state of health, disability or other kind of special need. BT: Social action RT: Caregiving Caring professions Community care Community work Home care Rehabilitation Residential care Social work Day continuation schools SN: Establishments where young workers aged 14-18 could continue their education on their employers' time (by day release). BT: Further education institutions Day nurseries UF: Crèches BT: Preschool settings RT: Child minding Combined nursery centres Infant development Infants Nursery nursing Nursery schools Playgroups Day release BT: Conditions of employment RT: Cooperative education Half time schooling Part time courses Part time students Day trips (educational) USE: Educational visits Deafness BT: Hearing impairment RT: Auditory perception Communication difficulties Hearing Language difficulties Lipreading Multiple disabilities Multiple learning difficulties Partial hearing Sign language Deans (academic) USE: Directors (academic) Death BT: Life cycle NT: Euthanasia Suicide RT: Abortion Ageing Death penalty Death psychology Homicide Hospices Mortality Death attitudes USE: Death psychology Death education USE: Death psychology Death penalty UF: Capital punishment BT: Authority RT: Death Death psychology Death psychology UF: Death attitudes Death education BT: Mental health RT: Abortion Death Death penalty Euthanasia Grief Homicide Hospices Psychology of religion Suicide Widows Death rate USE: Mortality Decentralisation UF: Decentralization BT: Management RT: Administrative structure Central local government relations Centralisation Devolution Local management Marketisation of education Regional government Decentralised government USE: Devolution Decentralization USE: Decentralisation Decentralized government USE: Devolution Decision SN: Psychological, concerned with mental process involved BT: Cognition RT: Choice Cognitive dissonance Decision making Decision theory (statistical) Free will Human information processing Judgment Personal conflict Philosophy of action Reasoning Response Decision making SN: Administrative, not psychological BT: Management NT: Decision making in education RT: Cooperative planning Decision Decision theory (statistical) Planning Policy making Problem solving Social choice Will Decision making in education SN: Emphasis on process or analysis of decision making and/or on decision making at micro level as part of educational management in an institution. Not used if Educational policy making (macro level policy) is more appropriate, but both may sometimes correctly be used together (for example, decision processes in educational policy making). BT: Administration of education Decision making RT: Democracy in education Educational management Educational planning Educational policy making Decision theory USE: Decision theory (statistical) Decision theory (statistical) UF: Decision theory BT: Operations research Statistics RT: Decision Decision making Game theory Management techniques Statistical design Statistical inference Decolonisation UF: Decolonization BT: Political development NT: Decolonisation of education RT: Colonial policy Colonialism Developing countries Development aid Development studies Devolution Foreign relations Liberation movements Nationalism Decolonisation of education SN: Reorientation or reform of education for people from colonised countries, either in their own country or as minority groups in the colonising country, so as to give appropriate recognition to their culture in curriculum, learning materials or educational practices. UF: Decolonization of education BT: Decolonisation Educational opportunity RT: Antiracism education Black studies Colonial education Community languages education Cultural bias Culture and education Curriculum relevance Desegregation in education Development and education Discrimination in education Educational reform Equal education Liberation movements Multicultural education Postwar education Decolonization USE: Decolonisation Decolonization of education USE: Decolonisation of education Deduction (reasoning) USE: Reasoning Defence UF: Defense BT: Government RT: Armed forces Foreign relations International conflict International relations Military engineering Nuclear warfare Peace State security War Defence forces USE: Armed forces Defence mechanisms SN: In Freudian psychoanalytic theory, defence mechanisms are psychological strategies brought into play by the unconscious mind to manipulate, deny, or distort reality (through processes including, but not limited to, repression, identification, or rationalization), and to maintain a socially acceptable self-image or self-schema. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) UF: Defense mechanisms BT: Psychoanalysis RT: Cognitive dissonance Ego Forgetting Irrationality Personal conflict Self esteem Unconscious Defense USE: Defence Defense forces USE: Armed forces Defense mechanisms USE: Defence mechanisms Degree mills USE: Diploma mills Degrees BT: Qualifications NT: Doctoral degrees Masters degrees RT: Diploma mills Diplomas Equivalences Undergraduate courses Validation Deism SN: The belief that reason and observation of the natural world are sufficient to determine the existence of God, accompanied with the rejection of revelation and authority as a source of religious knowledge. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) BT: Belief Delinquency BT: Social problems NT: Juvenile delinquency RT: Antisocial behaviour Crime Criminology Minority groups Prisoners Prisons Democracy UF: Representative democracy BT: Comparative politics RT: Democracy in education Democratisation Elections Industrial democracy Political development Political participation Political theory Suffrage Democracy in education SN: Democratic participation in the control of education BT: Administration of education Industrial democracy RT: Academic freedom Control of education Decision making in education Democracy Democratisation Educational development Educational management Educational reform Local management Parent participation Parent teacher organisations Parents and schools Political participation Politics and education Pupil participation State and education Student participation Teacher participation Democratic People's Republic of Korea USE: Korea (North) Democratisation UF: Democratization BT: Political development RT: Community participation Democracy Democracy in education Devolution Educational opportunity Political participation Public participation in planning Democratisation of education (access) USE: Educational opportunity Democratization USE: Democratisation Democratization of education (access) USE: Educational opportunity Demography USE: Population Demonology USE: Magic Demonstrations (lessons) BT: Lessons Teaching methods RT: Experiments (lessons) Laboratory equipment Practical studies Denationalisation USE: Privatisation Denationalization USE: Privatisation Denmark BT: Scandinavia RT: Danish language Dental education USE: Medical education Dental health services UF: Dental services BT: Health services RT: Dentists Medical inspection Medical treatment Preventive medicine Dental services USE: Dental health services Dentists BT: Medical personnel RT: Dental health services Paramedical personnel Departments of education SN: Government departments concerned with education UF: Ministries of education BT: Government departments Government educational bodies RT: Civil service Local education authorities National educational bodies Dependence BT: Traits RT: Attachment Independence Inferiority complex Interpersonal influence Learned helplessness Locus of control Parent and child Personality development Depersonalisation USE: Alienation Depersonalization USE: Alienation Depressed areas UF: Deprived areas Twilight areas BT: Rural areas Social problems Urban areas RT: Disadvantage Educational priority areas Family problems Inner cities Slums Depression SN: Psychological BT: Emotion Mental disorders RT: Alienation Grief Inferiority complex Learned helplessness Psychoses Self injurious behaviour Stress Suicide Deprived areas USE: Depressed areas Deputies (political) USE: Politicians Deputy head teachers BT: Teachers RT: Educational management Head teachers Heads of departments Subject coordinators Deschooling SN: Movement which aims to replace organised education in schools by more informal and cooperative learning in the community using resources such as libraries and individual (possibly untrained) tutors BT: Nonformal education RT: Alternative education Compulsory education Educational theory Free schools Open education Out of school education Radical education School refusal Truancy Descriptive linguistics USE: Linguistics Descriptive metadata USE: Document description Descriptive statistics BT: Statistics RT: Error analysis Qualitative data Statistical data Statistics of education Descriptor languages USE: Thesauri Desegregation in education UF: Integration in education (desegregation) BT: Educational opportunity RT: Antiracism education Decolonisation of education Discrimination in education Educational segregation Equal education Magnet schools Multicultural education Deserted children UF: Abandoned children BT: Parentally deprived children Social problems RT: Adopted children Child abuse Children in care Foster children Orphans Rejection Design BT: Arts Technology NT: Building design Environmental design Ergonomics Graphic design Industrial design RT: Automation Computer aided design and manufacture Copyright Design and technology education Design education Desktop publishing Technical drawing Design and technology education SN: Curriculum subject. UF: CDT education Craft design and technology education BT: Technology education NT: Metalwork education Needlework education Woodwork education RT: Design Design education Handicrafts Plastic arts Pottery education Practical skills education Technical drawing education Workshops Design education SN: Curriculum subject. Used for teaching design in the context of arts education, for example, graphic design or textile design. Used also with Art education for National Curriculum 'Art and Design'. BT: Cultural education RT: Architecture education Art education Design Design and technology education Technical drawing education Desktop publishing SN: Publishing systems involving a microcomputer, high resolution laser printer (or similar), and software for page layout and makeup involving both text and illustrations BT: Computer applications Publishing RT: Design Electronic publishing Information handling automation Information technology Office studies Report writing Secretarial work Word processing Detective fiction USE: Crime fiction Detention UF: Custody BT: Authority NT: Community home schools Detention centres Prisons RT: Coercion Institutionalisation Noncustodial punishment Police Residential care Detention centers USE: Detention centres Detention centres SN: Correctional institutions designed to give a 'short sharp shock' to juvenile delinquents UF: Detention centers BT: Detention RT: Community home schools Juvenile delinquency Prisons Determinism SN: A philosophy stating that for everything that happens there are conditions such that, given those conditions, nothing else could happen. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) UF: Historicism BT: Philosophical schools RT: Causality Evolutionism Free will Human nature Instinct Marxism Philosophy of action Developing countries SN: See also names of individual countries and regions BT: [Geographical locations] RT: Africa Agricultural development Appropriate technology Arab countries Asia Basic education Colonial education Colonial policy Colonialism Cultural imperialism Decolonisation Development aid Development aid policy Development and education East Economic and social development Economic and social planning Economic growth Educational aid Educational aid policy Educational imperialism Imperialism Literacy education Political development Rural development Rural development education Small states Tropical diseases Universal primary education Urban development Urbanisation West Development aid SN: From the viewpoint of the recipient BT: Government Social action RT: Agricultural development Colonialism Community development Decolonisation Developing countries Development aid policy Development and education Disaster relief work Economic interdependence Educational aid Industrial development International cooperation International economic systems International organisations International trade Rural development Small states Development aid policy SN: From the viewpoint of the donor BT: Government policy RT: Colonial policy Developing countries Development aid Development studies Disaster relief work Economic interdependence Economic policy Educational aid policy International cooperation International economic systems International organisations International trade Development and education BT: Education RT: Colonial education Decolonisation of education Developing countries Development aid Development education Economic and social development Economics of education Educational aid Educational demand Educational needs Educational transfer Human capital and education Role of education Development education SN: Educational development for developing countries or peoples, such as education for self-reliance. Contrast Development studies. UF: Education for self-reliance Education for self reliance BT: Social action NT: Community education Rural development education RT: Adult education Basic education Citizenship education Colonial education Development and education Functional literacy education Literacy education Political development Rural education Traditional education Development services USE: Educational support services Development studies SN: Curriculum subject. Education in the subject of development, especially for people from developed countries, (including for administrators). BT: International studies RT: African studies Antiracism education Area studies Asian studies Black studies Commonwealth studies Comparative education studies Decolonisation Development aid policy Economic and social development Economics education Middle Eastern studies Policy studies Political development Politics education Sociology education Developmental coordination disorder USE: Perceptual motor disorders Developmental psychology SN: Developmental psychology is the scientific study of changes that occur in human beings over the course of their life span. Originally concerned with infants and children, the field has expanded to include adolescence, adult development, aging, and the entire life span. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) UF: Life span development BT: Psychology NT: Adolescent development Adult psychology Child development Cognitive development Continuity Emotional development Geriatric psychology Language development Life events Moral development Perceptual motor development Personal effectiveness Personality development Psychosocial development Religious development Sexual development Socialisation RT: Age groups Educational psychology Devolution UF: Decentralised government Decentralized government BT: Government RT: Central government Central local government relations Contracting out services Decentralisation Decolonisation Democratisation Local government Political participation Regional government Devolved government USE: Regional government Diagnosis BT: Health services NT: Diagnostic testing RT: Medical inspection Medical treatment Diagnostic teaching SN: Method of teaching, either in normal or remedial settings, which concentrates on identifying the difficulties pupils have with the subject matter and planning the teaching to help pupils overcome these difficulties BT: Teaching methods RT: Cognitive process instruction Comprehension Diagnostic testing Individualised instruction Intervention Learning style Learning support Problem solving Diagnostic testing SN: Use of tests designed to diagnose nature and source of an individual's educational, psychological or medical difficulties or disabilities in order to facilitate remediation. BT: Diagnosis RT: Criterion referenced assessment Diagnostic teaching Learning support Medical inspection Objective testing Screening Special educational needs Standardised testing Statements (special educational needs) Dialects BT: Modern languages RT: Colloquial language Creoles Phonetics Pidgins Sociolinguistics Spoken language Vernacular languages Dictatorship USE: Totalitarianism Dictionaries SN: Form term. UF: Glossaries BT: [Form terms] RT: Encyclopaedias Lexicography Thesauri Vocabulary Difficult children USE: Emotional and behavioural difficulties Digital libraries USE: Institutional repositories Digital literacy BT: Information literacy Digital media BT: Information technology NT: Ebooks Digital photography USE: Photography Diploma mills SN: Organisations purveying bogus diplomas, degrees or other qualifications. UF: Degree mills BT: [Educational organisations] RT: Accreditation Degrees Diplomas Examining bodies Fraud Higher education Qualifications Validation Diplomas BT: Qualifications RT: Degrees Diploma mills Equivalences Postgraduate education Validation Direct method (teaching) SN: Method of teaching foreign languages by only using the target language BT: Teaching methods RT: Language laboratories Language studies Modern languages education Oral work Spoken language Directories SN: Form term. BT: [Form terms] RT: Guides Lists Directors (academic) UF: Deans (academic) Presidents (college/university) Principals (academic) Rectors (academic) Superintendents (academic) Vice-chancellors BT: Educational personnel RT: Chancellors Educational management Professors Disability UF: Crippled BT: Health NT: Mental disability Multiple disabilities Physical disability RT: Cerebral palsy Clumsy children Conductive education Epilepsy Multiple learning difficulties Muscular dystrophy Physical mobility Disadvantage UF: Cultural disadvantage Disadvantaged people Educational disadvantage Social disadvantage Socially disadvantaged people Underprivileged BT: Educational opportunity Social problems Special educational needs NT: Migrant education Poverty Refugee education Travellers' education RT: Child welfare Compensatory education Depressed areas Educational priority areas Educational welfare Homelessness Low achievement Minority groups Slums Social class Social security Social welfare Supplementary education Disadvantaged people USE: Disadvantage Disaffected pupils USE: School adjustment Disarmament USE: Arms control Disaster relief work UF: Emergency relief work War relief work BT: Social action RT: Caring professions Development aid Development aid policy Disasters First aid International cooperation Safety measures Social work Disasters BT: Social problems NT: Earthquakes Volcanoes RT: Disaster relief work Famine Fire Floods Infectious diseases Learned helplessness Radioactivity Safety Safety measures Toxic substances Discipline BT: Social psychology of education NT: Self regulation RT: Authority Classroom management Conscience Exclusion Morality Punishment Supervision Discourse analysis SN: Study of regularities in the structure of linguistic units longer than a sentence BT: Linguistic analysis RT: Content analysis Spoken language Written language Discovery method USE: Heuristic method Discrimination BT: Prejudice NT: Age discrimination Heterosexism Racism Sexism Discrimination in education BT: Educational opportunity Social inequality RT: Antiracism education Antisexist education Cultural bias Decolonisation of education Desegregation in education Equal education Maladministration Multicultural education Racial discrimination Right to education Women's education Discrimination learning SN: Learning to detect and respond to differences among stimuli BT: Learning RT: Pattern perception Reinforcement Response Stimulus Discussion groups USE: Independent study groups Discussions BT: Teaching methods RT: Conversation Group work Independent study groups Meetings Oral work Questioning (teaching method) Seminars Tutorials Diseases BT: Health NT: Asthma Cancer Heart disease Infectious diseases Multiple sclerosis Muscular dystrophy Rubella Tropical diseases Dismissal UF: Redundancy BT: Conditions of employment RT: Recruitment Retirement Tenure Unemployment Disobedience USE: Nonconformity Disorders BT: Health Pathology NT: Allergies Cognitive disorders Eating disorders Epilepsy Growth disorders Hyperactivity Language difficulties Mental disorders Neurological disorders Obsessive compulsive disorder Perceptual motor disorders Psychosomatic disorders Sleep disorders Spina bifida Tourette syndrome Visual impairments RT: Epidemiology Illness Radioactivity Toxic substances Displaced people's education USE: Refugee education Displaced persons USE: Refugees Display boards UF: Bulletin boards Feltboards Flannelgraphs Geoboards Magnetboards Notice boards Pegboards BT: Instructional materials RT: Chalkboards Educational displays Exhibitions Disposition USE: Personality Disqualification USE: Noncustodial punishment Disruptive behavior USE: Disruptive behaviour Disruptive behaviour SN: In structured setting, especially in school or classroom. UF: Disruptive behavior BT: Antisocial behaviour Social psychology of education RT: Aggression Bullying Classroom management Emotional and behavioural difficulties Exclusion Juvenile delinquency Psychopathy School adjustment Special units Truancy Vandalism Disseminated sclerosis USE: Multiple sclerosis Dissemination of information BT: Information handling RT: Bibliographies Freedom of information Group communication Information Information services (libraries) Librarians Mass communication Public relations Research effects Research results Sociology of knowledge Technology transfer Dissertations SN: Form term. Dissertation reports for taught degrees and diplomas. BT: [Form terms] RT: Theses Theses and dissertations (examination method) Distance education SN: Mode of delivering education and instruction, often on an individual basis, to students who are not physically present in a traditional setting such as a classroom. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) UF: Distance learning BT: Teaching methods RT: Computer assisted learning Correspondence courses Educational broadcasting Educational radio Educational television Extension education Flexible study Home education Individual study Open colleges Open universities Study centres for distance learners Tutored video instruction Distance learning USE: Distance education Distress USE: Suffering Distribution theory (economics) USE: Income distribution Distributive studies SN: Curriculum subject. Education relating to distribution and marketing occupations BT: Management and industry studies RT: Accountancy education Business studies Distributive trade Economics education Marketing Distributive trade UF: Retail trade Wholesale trade BT: Trade RT: Advertising Consumers Consumption Distributive studies Market research Marketing District government USE: Local government Disturbed children USE: Emotional and behavioural difficulties Diversification of education SN: Policy of diverse provision for the same target group, such as 16-19 year olds BT: Cooperation in education RT: Coordination in education Educational change Educational development Educational institutions Educational planning Levels of education Reorganisation of education Vocationalisation of education Diving (sport) USE: Aquatic sports Division of labor USE: Division of labour Division of labour SN: Division of work, or of a work process, into a number of parts, each part undertaken by a separate person or group of persons UF: Division of labor BT: Labour RT: Industrial psychology Job sharing Role Social stratification Women's employment Divorce BT: Marriage RT: Family law Family problems Family relations Marriage dissolution One parent families Parentally deprived children Djibouti BT: East Africa RT: Arab countries French speaking Africa Islamic countries Doctoral degrees BT: Degrees Doctoral students USE: Research students Doctors UF: General practitioners Physicians Surgeons BT: Medical personnel RT: Medical profession Nurses Psychiatrists Doctrine USE: Ideology Document description SN: Includes library or information cataloguing. UF: Cataloguing Descriptive metadata Indexing Tagging BT: Information handling Library administration NT: Content analysis Subject indexing RT: Acquisitions (libraries) Catalogues Classification Document relegation SN: Withdrawal and/or storage of documents. BT: Library administration RT: Acquisitions (libraries) Library stock Stock revision (libraries) Documentary films BT: Films RT: Journalism News films Television documentaries Documentary history BT: History RT: Archives Historical documents Historiography Oral history Dogma USE: Ideology Domestic politics USE: Politics Domestic science USE: Home economics Domestic science education USE: Home economics education Domestic staff BT: Occupations RT: Administrative staff Catering Home economics Maintenance staff School catering areas Domestic violence BT: Social problems RT: Cruelty Families Family problems Family relations Family therapy Interpersonal conflict Rape Self protection Dominance BT: Traits Dominica BT: West Indies RT: Commonwealth of Nations Islands Small states Dominican Republic BT: West Indies RT: Latin America Double session schools USE: Multishift systems Down's syndrome SN: The most common chromosome abnormality in humans. It is typically associated with a delay in cognitive ability and physical growth, and a particular set of facial characteristics. The average IQ of young adults with Down syndrome is around 50, compared to children without the condition with an IQ of 100. A large proportion of individuals with Down syndrome have a severe degree of intellectual disability. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) UF: Down syndrome Downs syndrome Mongolism Trisomy 21 BT: Health RT: Cognitive disorders Moderate learning difficulties Severe learning difficulties Down syndrome USE: Down's syndrome Downs syndrome USE: Down's syndrome Drama SN: Plays is used for actual dramatic works. BT: Literary forms and genres NT: Television drama RT: Acting Drama education Drama therapy Dramatic presentation Performing arts Plays Prose Theatre Drama education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Cultural education RT: Acting Actors Drama Drama therapy Dramatic presentation Literature education Movement studies Performing arts Role playing Speech education Theatre Drama therapy BT: Psychotherapy RT: Acting Drama Drama education Dramatic presentation Group therapy Improvisation Music therapy Occupational therapy Play therapy Role playing Dramatic arts USE: Performing arts Dramatic presentation UF: Improvised drama BT: Teaching methods RT: Drama Drama education Drama therapy Role playing Stage management Drawing UF: Sketching BT: Graphic arts NT: Technical drawing RT: Cartoons Commercial art Graphic arts education Illustration Painting Pictures Drawing education (art) USE: Graphic arts education Dreams BT: Mental health RT: Emotion Sleep Unconscious Drinking habits (alcohol) USE: Alcoholic drinks Drives USE: Motivation Driving BT: Transport RT: Motor industry Road safety Road safety education Dropouts SN: Dropouts from education BT: Administration of education RT: Attendance Educational welfare Runaways School refusal Truancy Wastage in education Drug abuse BT: Addiction Social problems Substance abuse RT: Alcoholism Drug education Drug psychotherapy Drugs Smoking Drug education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Health education RT: Alcohol education Drug abuse Drugs Smoking Drug psychotherapy BT: Drugs Psychotherapy RT: Brain surgery Drug abuse Shock treatment Drug therapy USE: Drugs Drugs SN: Therapeutic or medicinal use of drugs. Not abuse, for which Drug abuse is used. UF: Drug therapy Medicines Pharmacy BT: Medical treatment NT: Drug psychotherapy RT: Anaesthetics Chemical technology Drug abuse Drug education Drunkenness USE: Alcoholism Dutch language BT: European languages Indo-European languages RT: Afrikaans language Dutch studies Netherlands Dutch studies SN: Learning or teaching all aspects of Dutch language, life or culture. BT: European studies Modern languages education RT: Afrikaans studies Dutch language Netherlands Duties SN: Especially when attached to a particular position or status. If work is general treatment of duty and obligation, Obligation is used. BT: Moral concepts RT: Accountability Moral behaviour Obligation Responsibility Role Dynamics USE: Physics Dyscalculia SN: A specific learning disability involving innate difficulty in learning or comprehending arithmetic. It is akin to dyslexia and includes difficulty in understanding numbers, learning how to manipulate numbers, learning mathematical facts, and a number of other related symptoms (although there is no exact form of the disability). UF: Math disability BT: Learning disabilities Dysfunctional families USE: Family problems Dysgraphia SN: Dysgraphia is a deficiency in the ability to write primarily in terms of handwriting, but also in terms of coherence. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) BT: Learning disabilities Dyslexia SN: Dyslexia is characterised by difficulty with learning to read fluently and with accurate comprehension despite normal intelligence. This includes difficulty with phonological awareness, phonological decoding, processing speed, orthographic coding, auditory short-term memory, language skills and verbal comprehension, and/or rapid naming. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) BT: Learning disabilities Dyspraxia USE: Perceptual motor disorders e-books USE: Ebooks E-mail USE: Email Early childhood development SN: Used for general works on child development of children aged approximately 3-8 years or 0-8 years. Compare Preschool development. BT: Child development RT: Early childhood education Preschool development Young children Early childhood education SN: Education of young children, approximately 3-8 years. Covers nursery, infant, preschool, primary and pre-middle school age. BT: Levels of education NT: Preschool education RT: Child care Child minding Early childhood development Key stage 1 Montessori system Primary education Young children Early modern history BT: Modern history Early years foundation stage SN: Preschool stage of the national curriculum (England and Wales), to be followed by pupils aged approximately 3-5 years. For this level of education, Foundation stage is used. BT: National curriculum RT: Foundation stage Ears USE: Hearing Earth sciences UF: Geoscience BT: Science NT: Geography Geology Nature Soil science RT: Environmental sciences Space sciences Earthenware USE: Pottery Earthquakes BT: Disasters Geology RT: Floods Volcanoes East SN: Refers very broadly to the various cultures or social structures and philosophical systems of Asia or geographically the Eastern cultures. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) UF: The East BT: International relations RT: Developing countries West East Africa BT: Africa NT: Burundi Comoros Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Kenya Mayotte Rwanda Seychelles Somalia South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Uganda RT: Amharic language Central Africa Swahili-speaking peoples Swahili language Zanzibar East Asia UF: Far East BT: Asia NT: China Hong Kong Japan Korea Korea (North) Korea (South) Macao Mongolia Philippines Taiwan RT: Buddhism Buddhism and education Pacific Taoism Zen East Asian languages SN: Indigenous languages spoken in East Asia BT: Asian languages NT: Chinese language Japanese language Korean language East European studies BT: European studies NT: Polish studies Russian studies Serbocroatian studies RT: Communist countries East Germany USE: Germany (Democratic Republic) East Timor USE: Timor-Leste Eastern Europe BT: Europe NT: Albania Baltic states Belarus Bosnia-Hercegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Hungary Kosovo (Serbia) Macedonia Moldova Montenegro Poland Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Ukraine RT: Communism Czechoslovakia Germany (Democratic Republic) Serbia and Montenegro Yugoslavia Eating disorders UF: Anorexia Anorexia nervosa Bulimia BT: Disorders RT: Food Malnutrition Nutrition Ebooks UF: e-books Electronic books BT: Books Digital media Ecclesiastical history USE: Religious history Ecological psychology SN: Approach to psychology emphasising the effect of the social and psychological environment on a person's life space. Not to be confused with environmental psychology BT: Psychological schools RT: Cultural environment Educational environment Interactional psychology Social adjustment Social environment Social influence Social psychology Ecology SN: The scientific study of interactions among organisms and their environment, such as the interactions organisms have with each other and with their abiotic environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), number (population) of organisms, as well as competition between them within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecology is a human science as well. There are many practical applications of ecology in conservation biology, wetland management, natural resource management (agroecology, agriculture, forestry, agroforestry, fisheries), city planning (urban ecology), community health, economics, basic and applied science, and human social interaction (human ecology). (Wikipedia, accessed January 2014) UF: Biogeography Environmental biology BT: Biology Environmental sciences NT: Adaptation (biological) Human ecology Hydrobiology RT: Animal behaviour Ecology education Environment Natural environment Physical geography Sociobiology Ecology education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Environmental sciences education NT: Human ecology education RT: Biology education Botany education Ecology Environmental education Zoology education Econometrics UF: Economic measurement BT: Measurement RT: Economic analysis Economics Socioeconomic indicators Statistics Economic activity BT: [Social context for human activity] NT: Agriculture Fisheries Forestry Industrial production Industry Land use Economic analysis SN: Not a form term. Used for works about economic analysis, not works which are themselves economic analysis. BT: Evaluation RT: Comparative economics Cost benefit analysis Econometrics Economic and social planning Economic conditions Economic growth Economic policy Economic structure Economic theory Income distribution Input-output analysis Macroeconomics Microeconomics Socioeconomic indicators Systems analysis Economic and social development BT: Economics NT: Agricultural development Community development Industrial development Rural development Sustainable development Urban development RT: Appropriate technology Comparative economics Developing countries Development and education Development studies Economic and social planning Economic conditions Economic depression Economic geography Economic growth Economic history Economic interdependence Economic policy Economic sociology Educational development Feudalism International economic systems Labour policy Political development Scientific development Small states Social change Social history Social policy Urbanisation Economic and social planning BT: Economics NT: Human capital planning RT: Comparative economics Developing countries Economic analysis Economic and social development Economic conditions Economic growth Economic policy Educational planning Environmental planning Public participation in planning Regional planning Resource allocation Social administration Social policy Social reform Socioeconomic indicators Urban planning Welfare economics Economic awareness SN: Understanding of economic factors in general, or relating to any particular area of practice or knowledge UF: Economic literacy Economic understanding Financial awareness BT: Economics RT: Consumer education Core skills Economics education Home economics education Social education Economic behavior USE: Economic psychology Economic behaviour USE: Economic psychology Economic communities USE: International economic systems Economic conditions SN: Introduced specifically to cater for OECD economic surveys, but may have other applications BT: Economics NT: Consumption Cost of living Economic depression Economic growth Income distribution Inflation National income Poverty Productivity Standard of living Supply and demand RT: Comparative economics Economic analysis Economic and social development Economic and social planning Economic geography Economic history Economic sociology Economic structure Macroeconomics Socioeconomic indicators Economic crisis USE: Economic depression Economic depression UF: Economic crisis Recession (economics) BT: Economic conditions RT: Economic and social development Economic history Economic theory Economic geography BT: Human geography RT: Economic and social development Economic conditions Economic history Economic sociology Economics Energy resources Food resources Land economics Land use Mineral resources Natural resources Political geography Economic growth SN: Used for chiefly theoretical works. If work is related to the development of a country, Economic and social development is used. BT: Economic conditions RT: Developing countries Economic analysis Economic and social development Economic and social planning Economic policy Economic structure Economic theory Macroeconomics Socioeconomic indicators Economic history BT: History RT: Comparative economics Economic and social development Economic conditions Economic depression Economic geography Economic sociology Economics Industrial development Political history Social history Economic indicators USE: Socioeconomic indicators Economic interdependence SN: Between two countries or areas BT: Comparative economics RT: Development aid Development aid policy Economic and social development Educational interdependence International cooperation International economic systems International trade Multinational enterprises Economic literacy USE: Economic awareness Economic materialism SN: The excessive desire to acquire and consume material goods. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). BT: Social concepts RT: Social status Economic measurement USE: Econometrics Economic policy BT: Government policy Policy RT: Budgetary control Capitalism Collectivist economy Comparative economics Development aid policy Economic analysis Economic and social development Economic and social planning Economic growth Economic structure Economic theory Educational policy Inflation Labour policy Macroeconomics National income Privatisation Public finance Social policy Economic psychology UF: Economic behavior Economic behaviour BT: Applied psychology RT: Economic sociology Economics Industrial psychology Occupational psychology Social psychology Economic sociology SN: Sociology of economic practices and behaviour. BT: Economics Sociology RT: Economic and social development Economic conditions Economic geography Economic history Economic psychology Industrial sociology Informal economy Occupational sociology Social inequality Welfare economics Economic structure SN: Relationships between, and relative importance of, the various sectors of the economy or factors of production. BT: Economics NT: Private sector Privatisation Public-private partnership Public sector RT: Capital Comparative economics Economic analysis Economic conditions Economic growth Economic policy Economic theory Informal economy Labour Land economics Macroeconomics National income Economic studies USE: Economics education Economic theory BT: Economics Theory NT: Macroeconomics Microeconomics Neoclassical economics RT: Comparative economics Economic analysis Economic depression Economic growth Economic policy Economic structure Income distribution Economic understanding USE: Economic awareness Economics UF: Political economy BT: Social sciences NT: Business economics Comparative economics Economic and social development Economic and social planning Economic awareness Economic conditions Economic sociology Economic structure Economic theory Economics of education Finance Globalisation Human capital Incentives Informal economy Land economics Trade Welfare economics RT: Econometrics Economic geography Economic history Economic psychology Industry Economics (examination subject) BT: Examination papers Economics education SN: Curriculum subject. UF: Economic studies Financial education BT: Social science education RT: Accountancy education Business studies Consumer education Development studies Distributive studies Economic awareness Social studies Sociology education Economics of education BT: Economics Education NT: Contract funding in education Educational budgetary control Educational costs Educational expenditure Educational finance Educational vouchers Human capital and education Tuition fees RT: Development and education Educational aid Educational interdependence Educational planning Educational resources Ecuador BT: South America RT: Latin America Educability UF: Learning potential Trainability BT: Cognition RT: Ability Ability grouping Aptitude Cognitive style Compensatory education Failure Intelligence Learning disabilities Learning style Learning support Pupil placement Readiness Educable mentally retarded USE: Moderate learning difficulties Education UF: Education sciences Educational sciences BT: [Interaction between education and its social context] NT: Aims of education Anthropology of education Comparative education Culture and education Curriculum Development and education Economics of education Educational change Educational development Educational forecasting Educational innovations Educational planning Educational policy Educational policy making Educational reform Educational research Educational theory Evaluation of education History of education International education Law of education Liberal education Marxism and education Philosophy of education Politics and education Progressive education Quality of education Radical education Right to education Role of education Sociology of education State and education RT: Education studies Education action zones USE: Educational priority areas Education administration USE: Administration of education Education administrators USE: Educational administrators Education advisers USE: Advisers Education and the state USE: State and education Education associations USE: Educational associations Education broadcasting USE: Educational broadcasting Education charities USE: Educational foundations Education costs USE: Educational costs Education credits USE: Educational credits Education cuts USE: Educational budgetary control Education demand USE: Educational demand Education development USE: Educational development Education environment USE: Educational environment Education ethos USE: Educational values Education evaluation USE: Evaluation of education Education expenditure USE: Educational expenditure Education facilities USE: Educational facilities Education finance USE: Educational finance Education for self-reliance USE: Development education Education for self reliance USE: Development education Education for working life SN: Courses and activities at secondary level aimed at preparing pupils for working life in general UF: Employment education BT: Social science education RT: Business education liaison Careers education Careers teachers Cooperative education CPVE Education with production Employment Employment and education Industry education liaison Polytechnical education Prevocational education School to work transition Social education Vocational education Work experience Workers' education Youth employment Education forecasting USE: Educational forecasting Education foundations USE: Educational foundations Education information USE: Educational information Education innovations USE: Educational innovations Education input USE: Educational input Education inspection USE: Inspection Education inspectors USE: Inspectors Education institutions USE: Educational institutions Education leave USE: Educational leave Education legislation USE: Law of education Education management USE: Educational management Education missions USE: Educational missions Education needs USE: Educational needs Education opportunity USE: Educational opportunity Education output USE: Educational output Education personnel USE: Educational personnel Education planners USE: Educational planners Education planning USE: Educational planning Education policy USE: Educational policy Education policy making USE: Educational policy making Education priority areas USE: Educational priority areas Education profiles USE: Profiles in education Education records USE: Educational records Education reform USE: Educational reform Education research USE: Educational research Education resources USE: Educational resources Education sciences USE: Education Education social workers USE: Educational social workers Education software USE: Educational software Education standards USE: Quality of education Education studies SN: Curriculum subject (the study of education). BT: Social science education NT: Comparative education studies History of education studies RT: Education Educational research Psychology education Sociology education Teacher education Youth studies Education support grants BT: Grants Education support services USE: Educational support services Education survey USE: Educational survey Education systems USE: Educational systems Education technology USE: Educational technology Education terminology USE: Educational terminology Education theory USE: Educational theory Education transfer USE: Educational transfer Education trusts USE: Educational foundations Education TV USE: Educational television Education values USE: Educational values Education video USE: Educational video Education vouchers USE: Educational vouchers Education with production SN: Integration of education and production (of a product which has an economic value) in the same institution BT: Cooperation in education RT: Apprenticeship Cooperative education Education for working life Employment and education Experiential learning Industrial production Industrial training Industry education liaison Job training Polytechnical education Practical training Prevocational education Technical education Vocational education Work experience Education year USE: Academic year Educational administration USE: Administration of education Educational administrators UF: Education administrators BT: Educational personnel RT: Administration of education Advisers Educational planners Inspectors Educational advisers USE: Advisers Educational aid SN: Development aid that is educational in nature. Used by itself, or with names of countries or areas being assisted. BT: Educational development Educational finance Government RT: Comparative education Cooperation in education Developing countries Development aid Development and education Economics of education Educational aid policy Educational demand Educational imperialism Educational input Educational interdependence Educational missions Educational needs Educational resources Educational transfer International educational bodies Teaching abroad Educational aid policy SN: Used with names of donor countries. BT: Educational policy RT: Colonial policy Cooperation in education Developing countries Development aid policy Educational aid Educational finance Educational imperialism Educational interdependence Educational missions International educational bodies Educational assessment UF: Measurement (psychological/educational) Measurement (psychology/education) Psychometrics BT: [Evaluation and assessment] NT: Continuous assessment Criterion referenced assessment Examinations Group testing Individual testing Internal assessment Item analysis Item banking Marking Multiple choice testing Norm referenced assessment Objective testing Qualifications Quality control in education Rating Screening Standardised testing Testing RT: Achievement Educational records Evaluation of education Summative evaluation Educational associations UF: Education associations BT: Associations RT: Educational foundations Learned societies National educational bodies Professional associations Trade unions Voluntary educational bodies Educational background SN: Educational experience or level(s) of attainment of individuals or socio-economic groups. BT: Social psychology of education RT: Educational benefits Educational environment Home background Occupational requirements Prior learning Qualifications School leavers Social class Sociology of education Educational benefits SN: Advantages derived by communities from their association with educational institutions, or by educational institutions from their association with particular communities or industries, or by individuals from participation in educational institutions and/or their association with communities or industries. BT: Sociology of education RT: Business and education Educational background Educational opportunity Employment and education Industry and education Social opportunity Educational break USE: Break in studies Educational broadcasting UF: Education broadcasting BT: Broadcasting Instructional materials RT: Audiovisual instruction Distance education Educational films Open colleges Open universities Sound recording Video recording Educational budgetary control UF: Cuts in education Education cuts Educational cuts Financial cuts in education BT: Budgetary control Economics of education RT: Central local government relations Contract funding in education Educational expenditure Educational finance Educational resources Educational building maintenance BT: Educational buildings Maintenance (of services and facilities) RT: Building design Building services Buildings Construction engineering Maintenance staff Reconstruction Educational buildings BT: Buildings Educational resources NT: Classrooms Educational building maintenance School buildings Workshops RT: Equipment Gymnasia Laboratories Open plan design School catering areas Space utilisation Educational change SN: Change in education, either past or future, which occurs in response to social, political, economic or environmental demands BT: Change Education RT: Diversification of education Educational development Educational innovations Educational planning Educational policy Educational reform Management of change Reconstruction of education Reorganisation of education Social change Educational charities USE: Educational foundations Educational computing (general) USE: Computers in education Educational costs UF: Education costs BT: Economics of education RT: Cost benefit analysis Cost effectiveness Costing Educational expenditure Educational finance Educational resources Educational credits UF: Credit transfer (education) Education credits BT: Qualifications RT: Admission Educational exchanges Equivalences Franchising in education Joint study programmes Modular courses Prior learning Pupil mobility Student mobility Validation Educational cuts USE: Educational budgetary control Educational demand UF: Education demand BT: Administration of education RT: Development and education Educational aid Educational input Educational needs Educational opportunity Educational planning Educational resources Educational development SN: Developmental change of one or more characteristics of education in a positive direction in terms of some valued criterion. Used also, following regional term, for supra-national surveys of education in a region or continent (Educational systems is used for country by country surveys, however). UF: Education development BT: Education NT: Educational aid RT: Curriculum development Democracy in education Diversification of education Economic and social development Educational change Educational innovations Educational reform Educational resources Programmes Reconstruction of education Reorganisation of education Educational disadvantage USE: Disadvantage Educational displays BT: Exhibitions RT: Audiovisual instruction Collections (teaching aids) Display boards Instructional materials Learning resources Museums and education Realia (teaching aids) Resource centres Specimens (teaching aids) Educational environment SN: Includes discussion of whether and/or how far the environment of the school, home or locality facilitates or deters educational opportunity or success. UF: Education environment Learning environment Nurtural environment BT: Administration of education Social psychology of education RT: Achievement Anthropology of education Community and education Cultural environment Culture and education Ecological psychology Educational background Educational opportunity Educational values Genetic psychology Home and school Home background Interactional psychology Nature nurture controversy Paracurriculum Parent and child Peer groups School adjustment Social environment Socialisation Sociology of education Sociology of educational knowledge Teacher pupil relations Educational ethos USE: Educational values Educational evaluation USE: Evaluation of education Educational exchanges UF: Academic exchanges Exchanges BT: Academic mobility Pupil mobility Student mobility RT: Cooperation in education Educational credits Equivalences International education International students Joint study programmes Students abroad Study abroad Study tours Study visits Educational expenditure UF: Education expenditure BT: Economics of education Expenditure RT: Educational budgetary control Educational costs Educational finance Financial administration Educational facilities UF: Education facilities Provision (education) Provision (educational) BT: Educational resources Facilities NT: Computers in education Laboratories Museums and education Playgrounds Resource centres School catering areas School grounds Study centres for distance learners RT: Educational institutions Sports facilities Swimming pools Educational films BT: Films Instructional materials RT: Audiovisual instruction Educational broadcasting Educational television Educational video Video recordings Educational finance SN: Financial provision, funding, source of finances as distinct from use UF: Education finance BT: Economics of education Finance NT: Educational aid Income generation in education RT: Contract funding in education Educational aid policy Educational budgetary control Educational costs Educational expenditure Educational input Educational vouchers Financial support Grant maintained schools Local government finance Public finance Research finance Educational forecasting SN: Used for works about forecasting in education; Forecasts is used for actual projections. UF: Education forecasting BT: Education Evaluation of education Forecasting RT: Educational planning Educational population Enrolment Human capital and education Statistics of education Educational foundations UF: Education charities Education foundations Education trusts Educational charities Educational trusts BT: Trusts RT: Charity schools Educational associations Financial support Grants Voluntary educational bodies Educational games BT: Teaching methods RT: Academic games Activity methods Children's games Computer games Group work Indoor games Play Play therapy Puzzles Role playing Toys Educational guidance BT: Pastoral care RT: Counselling Educational opportunity Guidance officers Psychological services Subject choice Vocational guidance Educational history USE: History of education Educational imperialism BT: Imperialism RT: Colonial education Comparative education Cultural imperialism Developing countries Educational aid Educational aid policy Educational interdependence Educational missions Educational inclusion USE: Inclusive education Educational information UF: Education information BT: Information RT: Educational publications Educational terminology Public relations Educational innovations SN: Used for general treatment. For innovations in a specific area, Innovations is used. UF: Education innovations BT: Education Innovations NT: School based innovations RT: Curriculum development Educational change Educational development Educational reform Management of change Educational input UF: Education input BT: Input-output analysis RT: Educational aid Educational demand Educational finance Educational needs Educational output Educational planning Educational resources Value added analysis Educational inspection USE: Inspection Educational inspectors USE: Inspectors Educational institutions SN: A place where people of different ages gain an education. Used especially for discussion of what sorts of institution are appropriate (for example, for 16-19 education); but may also be used as a general term. UF: Education institutions BT: [Educational organisations] Organisations NT: Adult education institutions Field centres Preschool settings Schools Tertiary education institutions RT: Amalgamation Classification of education Closure Coordination in education Diversification of education Educational facilities Educational management Educational systems Levels of education Reorganisation of education Scientific institutions Statistics of education Educational integration USE: Integration (mainstreaming) Educational interdependence SN: Interdependence between two countries in educational matters BT: Comparative education RT: Colonial education Cooperation in education Cultural contact Economic interdependence Economics of education Educational aid Educational aid policy Educational imperialism International education International educational bodies Politics and education Educational journeys USE: Educational visits Educational leave SN: Used in connection with paid or unpaid leave granted to employees for educational purposes. UF: Education leave BT: Conditions of employment RT: Career break Half time schooling Inservice training One year courses Sabbatical leave Sandwich courses Secondment Short courses Staff development Study visits Educational legislation USE: Law of education Educational management UF: Academic management Education management Further education management Higher education management Post-compulsory education management School management BT: Administration of education Management NT: Local management Pupil participation Student participation Teacher participation RT: Academic departments Administrative structure Admission Chancellors Chief administrative officers Decision making in education Democracy in education Deputy head teachers Directors (academic) Educational institutions Educational policy Educational policy making Financial administration Governing bodies Grouping Head teachers Heads of departments Management development School organisation Special educational needs coordinators Subject coordinators Educational missions SN: Specialist groups providing a country with technical assistance under international programmes UF: Education missions BT: Missions RT: Educational aid Educational aid policy Educational imperialism Educational transfer Educational needs SN: Includes developmental needs of children or adolescents. UF: Education needs BT: Administration of education Human needs RT: Child centred education Curriculum relevance Curriculum statements Development and education Educational aid Educational demand Educational input Educational opportunity Educational opportunity SN: Degree of, or degree of equality of, access to any level of education UF: Access to education Democratisation of education (access) Democratization of education (access) Education opportunity BT: [Interaction between education and its social context] NT: Compensatory education Decolonisation of education Desegregation in education Disadvantage Discrimination in education Educational priority areas Equal education Inclusive education Multicultural education Universal primary education RT: Access programmes Admission Birth season Curriculum relevance Democratisation Educational benefits Educational demand Educational environment Educational guidance Educational needs Educational progress Educational theory Equal opportunity Open enrolment Optional curriculum Philosophy of education Radical education Right to education Social opportunity Sociology of education Subject choice Women's education Educational output UF: Education output BT: Input-output analysis RT: Educational input Educational planning Evaluation of education Human capital Human capital and education Multishift systems Performance indicators Quality of education Value added analysis Educational personnel UF: Education personnel BT: [Learners, teachers and educational personnel] Personnel NT: Advisers Chancellors Chief administrative officers Directors (academic) Educational administrators Educational planners Educational social workers Educationalists Examiners Guidance officers Heads of departments Inspectors Lecturers Librarians Literacy workers Media resources officers Play leaders Special educational needs coordinators Student assistants Teacher librarians Teachers Teaching assistants Technicians Training officers Tutors Youth leaders RT: Administrative staff Educational population Paraprofessional personnel Psychologists Staff student relations Educational planners UF: Education planners BT: Educational personnel RT: Educational administrators Educational planning Educational planning SN: In overall context of national and international economics and social development. Used for works about planning; for actual plans, Educational policy is used. UF: Education planning BT: Education NT: School mapping RT: Administration of education Decision making in education Diversification of education Economic and social planning Economics of education Educational change Educational demand Educational forecasting Educational input Educational output Educational planners Educational policy making Educational population Educational reform Educational systems Human capital and education Quality of education Reconstruction of education Reorganisation of education State and education Educational policy SN: Official statements of goals to which the system of education is directed. Used also for works about policy, as distinct from policy making. UF: Education policy BT: Education Government policy Policy NT: Educational aid policy RT: Aims of education Cultural policy Economic policy Educational change Educational management Educational policy making Educational reform Educational systems Educational theory Labour policy Language policy Politics and education Role of education Social policy State and education Educational policy making SN: Emphasis on policy formulation, negotiation with interest groups UF: Education policy making BT: Education RT: Administration of education Decision making in education Educational management Educational planning Educational policy Policy implementation Policy making Politics and education State and education Educational population BT: [Interaction between education and its social context] Population RT: Birth season Educational forecasting Educational personnel Educational planning Enrolment Pupils Reorganisation of education School mapping Statistics of education Wastage in education Educational priority areas UF: Education action zones Education priority areas BT: Educational opportunity RT: Community and education Compensatory education Depressed areas Disadvantage Equal education Urban education Educational profiles USE: Profiles in education Educational progress SN: Movement of individual or group through successive levels and forms of education, including process of transition from one level to the next (for example, primary to secondary). Not used for achievement. UF: Transfers (education) BT: Administration of education Curriculum RT: Achievement Admission College school cooperation Coordination in education Educational opportunity Educational records Key stage 1 Key stage 2 Key stage 3 Key stage 4 Levels of education SATs Tutorial colleges Educational psychology BT: Psychology NT: Learning Mental health and education Social psychology of education RT: Developmental psychology Educational theory Language and education Socialisation Teaching Educational publications BT: Books RT: Assembly books Children's literature Educational information Instructional materials Educational radio UF: Schools broadcasts (radio) BT: Instructional materials Radio RT: Audiovisual instruction Distance education Educational television Open colleges Open universities Sound recording Educational records UF: Academic records Education records School records School reports Student records BT: Administration of education Records NT: Profiles in education RT: Achievement Educational assessment Educational progress Item banking Rating Educational reform SN: Change planned as a process of implementation relating to major part of national system of education. For narrower focus, Reform is used. UF: Education reform BT: Education NT: Bologna process (European higher education) Reconstruction of education RT: Decolonisation of education Democracy in education Educational change Educational development Educational innovations Educational planning Educational policy Educational systems Educational theory Reform Social reform Educational research SN: Used for fairly general works about the doing of educational research (for works about methods, Research methods is added). For works about research on a specific subject, the appropriate subject term and Research are used. For works embodying (the results of) research on a specific subject, the appropriate subject term alone is used. UF: Education research BT: Education Social science research NT: Educational survey RT: Comparative education Curriculum analysis Curriculum evaluation Education studies Evaluation of education Experimental schools Schools of education Sociology of research Educational resources SN: The equipment, facilities, materials and personnel available for education UF: Education resources BT: [Services, facilities and equipment] Learning resources NT: Educational buildings Educational facilities Educational support services RT: Economics of education Educational aid Educational budgetary control Educational costs Educational demand Educational development Educational input Resource allocation School organisation Educational sciences USE: Education Educational segregation BT: Grouping RT: Ability grouping Desegregation in education Integration (mainstreaming) Single sex education Special units Educational social workers UF: Education social workers BT: Educational personnel Social workers RT: Child welfare Educational welfare Guidance officers Psychological services Educational software UF: Education software BT: Computer software RT: Authoring systems Computer assisted learning Computer education Computer games Computers in education Human computer interaction Hypermedia Multimedia Educational standards USE: Quality of education Educational support services SN: Additional facilities, services, institutions or people to support the educational process UF: Development services Education support services BT: Educational resources Services RT: Advisory teachers Information services (libraries) Management information systems Resource centres Staff development Teachers' centres Educational survey UF: Education survey BT: Educational research Educational systems SN: Used for works on educational systems as a subject. Used also with names of individual countries or for country by country surveys (worldwide, continental or regional). UF: Education systems BT: [Interaction between education and its social context] RT: Classification of education Comparative education Coordination in education Educational institutions Educational planning Educational policy Educational reform Reconstruction of education State and education Statistics of education Educational technology SN: Systematic identification, development, organisation or utilisation of educational resources and/or the management of these processes. Occasionally used in a more limited sense to describe the use of equipment-oriented techniques or audiovisual aids in educational settings UF: Education technology BT: Computers in education Instructional materials RT: Audiovisual instruction Information technology Instructional design Instructional objectives Teaching Educational television UF: Education TV Educational TV Schools broadcasts (television) Schools broadcasts (TV) BT: Instructional materials Television RT: Audiovisual instruction Children's television Closed circuit television Distance education Educational films Educational radio Interactive video in education Open colleges Open universities Video recording Educational terminology UF: Education terminology BT: Terminology RT: Educational information Educational testing USE: Testing Educational tests USE: Testing Educational theory SN: Educational theory is speculative educational thought or a theory of education as something that guides, explains, or describes educational practice. Used for prescriptive high level theoretical works in the theory of education. For analytical works, Philosophy of education is used. UF: Education theory BT: Education Theory RT: Aims of education Anthropology of education Child centred education Culture and education Deschooling Educational opportunity Educational policy Educational psychology Educational reform Indoctrination Liberal education Marxism and education Philosophy of education Radical education Right to education Role of education Socialism and education Educational transfer SN: Movement of educational ideas, institutions and/or practices from one country to another UF: Education transfer BT: Comparative education RT: Colonial education Cooperation in education Cultural contact Development and education Educational aid Educational missions International cooperation International education International universities Technology transfer Educational trusts USE: Educational foundations Educational TV USE: Educational television Educational values SN: Explicit values or ethos of an educational institution, probably presented in a policy statement. Contrast Paracurriculum. UF: Education ethos Education values Educational ethos Ethos (education) Ethos (educational) Explicit values (education) Explicit values (educational) BT: Administration of education RT: Educational environment Moral education Moral values Paracurriculum Rules Sociology of educational knowledge Value Educational video UF: Education video BT: Instructional materials NT: Interactive video in education RT: Educational films Multimedia Video recordings Educational visits SN: Visits for pupils or students. Contrast Study visits. UF: Day trips (educational) Educational journeys Journeys (teaching method) School Visits Visits (teaching method) BT: Learning resources RT: Museums and education Study tours Study visits Educational vouchers SN: A system of monetary grants which can be used to pay for a period of education in a school or institution of choice UF: Education vouchers Vouchers for education Vouchers in education BT: Economics of education RT: Educational finance Financial support Grants Parental choice Tuition fees Educational wastage USE: Wastage in education Educational welfare SN: Used for works about the practical work of education welfare officers, education social workers and related matters. BT: Mental health Social welfare RT: Child welfare Children's problems Disadvantage Dropouts Educational social workers Mental health and education Mental health services Pastoral care Psychological services School adjustment School refusal Student life Truancy Educational year USE: Academic year Educationalists UF: Educationists BT: Educational personnel Educationally subnormal USE: Moderate learning difficulties Educationists USE: Educationalists Effective teaching USE: Teacher effectiveness Effectiveness USE: Performance Efficiency USE: Performance EFL USE: ESOL EFL education USE: ESOL education Ego SN: Normally a psychoanalytic term. In other contexts Self concept is preferred. BT: Psychoanalysis RT: Conscience Defence mechanisms Egocentrism Self concept Self esteem Self perception Egocentrism SN: Stage in mental development when the child sees things only from its own limited point of view (especially Piagetian) BT: Cognitive development RT: Concept formation Ego Genetic epistemology Intellectual development Egypt BT: Mediterranean countries Middle East North Africa RT: Arab countries Egyptian civilisation Egyptian religion Islamic countries Egyptian civilisation SN: Ancient Egyptian civilisation UF: Egyptian civilization BT: Ancient civilisations RT: Egypt Egyptian religion Egyptian civilization USE: Egyptian civilisation Egyptian religion SN: Ancient Egyptian religion BT: Ancient religions RT: Egypt Egyptian civilisation EI USE: Emotional intelligence Eire USE: Ireland El Salvador BT: Central America RT: Latin America Elderly USE: Older adults Elecronics USE: Electronic engineering Elections BT: Politics RT: Democracy Political attitudes Political participation Political parties Suffrage Elective mutism SN: A refusal to speak in almost all social situations (despite normal ability to do so). (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Mental disorders Electoral systems USE: Suffrage Electric shock treatment USE: Shock treatment Electrical engineering BT: Engineering NT: Electronic engineering Reliability engineering RT: Electrical engineering education Electrical equipment Electricity Electrical engineering education BT: Engineering education RT: Electrical engineering Electronic engineering education Electrical equipment BT: Equipment RT: Electrical engineering Electricity Heating Laboratory equipment Lighting Logic and switching circuits Scientific equipment Ventilation Electricity BT: Physics RT: Electrical engineering Electrical equipment Electronic engineering Electroconvulsive therapy USE: Shock treatment Electronic books USE: Ebooks Electronic communication (human aspects) USE: Computer mediated communication Electronic communication (technical aspects) USE: Computer networks (technical apsects) Electronic engineering UF: Elecronics Electronics BT: Electrical engineering Engineering NT: Logic and switching circuits Microelectronics Reliability engineering RT: Bioengineering Electricity Electronic engineering education Electronic music Information technology Robotics Electronic engineering education BT: Engineering education RT: Computer education Electrical engineering education Electronic engineering Electronic information resources BT: Audiovisual materials RT: Electronic publishing Electronic learning USE: Computer assisted learning Electronic libraries BT: Libraries RT: Institutional repositories Electronic mail USE: Email Electronic music UF: MIDI systems BT: Music RT: Electronic engineering Keyboard instruments Pop music Electronic publishing SN: Use of online computerised access, instead of traditional print media, to produce and distribute information UF: Bulletin boards (computerised) Bulletin boards (computerized) BT: Computer mediated communication Publishing RT: Bibliographic databases Databases Desktop publishing Electronic information resources Email Hypermedia Electronics USE: Electronic engineering Elementary education USE: Primary education Elementary schools USE: Primary schools Elites UF: Power elite Ruling class BT: Social groups Social stratification RT: Intellectuals Minority groups Political leadership Power Social status Upper class White people Elocution education USE: Speech education Email UF: E-mail Electronic mail BT: Computer applications Computer mediated communication RT: Computer networks (technical apsects) Electronic publishing Group communication Interpersonal communication Letter writing Secretarial work Emancipation movements USE: Liberation movements Embezzlement USE: Fraud Embryology BT: Biology Life cycle RT: Abortion Childbirth Fertilisation Growth Gynaecology Pregnancy Prenatal development Reproduction Surrogacy Emergency relief work USE: Disaster relief work Emigration BT: Migration NT: Brain drain RT: Employment abroad Immigration Emotion BT: Affective psychology NT: Alienation Anger Anxiety Attachment Boredom Depression Emotional intelligence Fear Grief Guilt Happiness Hate Humour Interest Jealousy Learned helplessness Optimism Pleasure Satisfaction Shame Suffering RT: Adjustment Affective education Dreams Emotional development Inferiority complex Moods Emotion education USE: Affective education Emotional adjustment USE: Adjustment Emotional and behavioral difficulties USE: Emotional and behavioural difficulties Emotional and behavioural difficulties UF: Behavior disorders Behaviour disorders Difficult children Disturbed children Emotional and behavioral difficulties Emotionally disturbed SEBD Social, emotional and behavioral difficulties Social, emotional and behavioural difficulties Troubled children BT: Special educational needs RT: Adjustment Antisocial behaviour Anxiety Autism Behaviour Behaviour modification Bullying Child psychotherapy Child sexual abuse Children's problems Community home schools Disruptive behaviour Emotional development Hyperactivity Learning difficulties Low achievement Mental health and education Moral development Personality disorders Psychopathy Psychosocial development School adjustment School refusal Self injurious behaviour Special units Truancy Emotional development SN: When applied to a particular age group, used with age group term (for example, Preschool children) not with development term (for example, Preschool development), unless the general development at that stage of life is also being discussed. BT: Developmental psychology RT: Adjustment Affective education Affective psychology Creative development Emotion Emotional and behavioural difficulties Moods Moral development Personality development Psychosocial development Sexual development Emotional inferiority USE: Inferiority complex Emotional intelligence UF: EI Emotional literacy BT: Emotion Intelligence Emotional literacy USE: Emotional intelligence Emotional superiority USE: Superiority complex Emotionally disturbed USE: Emotional and behavioural difficulties Empathy BT: Traits RT: Interpersonal attraction Interpersonal influence Interpersonal relations Social perception Empirical research SN: Empirical research is a way of gaining knowledge by means of direct and indirect observation or experience. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Research methods Empiricism SN: A theory of knowledge that asserts that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) BT: Philosophical schools RT: Behaviourism Epistemology Experience Experiential learning Logical positivism Materialism Metaphysics Philosophy of science Positivism Realism Employers BT: Employment RT: Industrial relations Labour market Managers Personnel Self employment Training and enterprise councils Workers Employment UF: Jobs BT: [Labour and employment] NT: Career choice Career development Conditions of employment Employers Employment abroad Employment and education Employment experience Employment programmes Employment services Graduate employment Home employment Job evaluation Job expectation Job hunting Job satisfaction Job training Men's employment Part time employment Reemployment Secondment Self employment Unemployment Women's employment Working conditions Youth employment RT: Education for working life Labour Labour studies Occupations Vocational education Voluntary work Employment abroad SN: Workers from a particular country working abroad BT: Employment NT: Teaching abroad RT: Brain drain Emigration Foreign workers Migrant workers Students abroad Study abroad Employment and education SN: Relationship between one's employment and one's educational experience. Not used for arrangements involving intermeshed education and employment, for which an appropriate term such as Work experience, Sandwich courses or Polytechnical education is used. BT: Employment RT: Business and education Career choice Career development Careers education Cooperative education Curriculum relevance Education for working life Education with production Educational benefits Employment experience Graduate employment Human capital Human capital and education Industry and education Job expectation Labour studies Men's employment NVQs Occupational requirements Occupations Polytechnical education Role of education School to work transition Social opportunity Vocational guidance Women's employment Work experience Workers' education Youth employment Youth unemployment Employment at home USE: Home employment Employment bureaux USE: Employment services Employment education USE: Education for working life Employment experience SN: Experience gained through participation in remunerative work. Not work experience as part of an educational course BT: Employment Experience RT: Employment and education Experiential learning Mature students Prior learning Work experience Employment programmes UF: Employment programs Job creation programmes Job creation programs Temporary employment programmes Temporary employment programs BT: Employment RT: Employment services Job training Labour policy Training and enterprise councils Unemployment Employment programs USE: Employment programmes Employment services UF: Employment bureaux Job centers Job centres Labor exchanges Labour exchanges BT: Employment RT: Career choice Employment programmes Human capital planning Interviews (recruitment) Job expectation Job hunting Recruitment Reemployment Unemployment Vocational guidance Encephalomyelitis disseminata USE: Multiple sclerosis Encyclopaedias SN: Form term UF: Encyclopedias BT: [Form terms] RT: Dictionaries Guides Encyclopedias USE: Encyclopaedias Endowed schools SN: SPECIFIC HISTORICAL CONCEPT. Historical term for educational establishments not set up by the state but in receipt of state funds. BT: Schools RT: State and education Energy conservation BT: Conservation RT: Building design Building services Energy resources Engineering Nuclear energy Sustainable development Energy resources UF: Power resources BT: Natural resources NT: Nuclear energy RT: Economic geography Energy conservation Mineral resources Engineering BT: Technology NT: Aerospace engineering Civil engineering Electrical engineering Electronic engineering Ergonomics Hydraulic engineering Marine engineering Mechanical engineering Military engineering Mining Nuclear engineering Production engineering Transport engineering RT: Automation Energy conservation Engineers Machine tools Manufacturing industries Engineering education BT: Technology education NT: Aerospace engineering education Building education Civil engineering education Electrical engineering education Electronic engineering education Marine engineering education Mechanical engineering education Mining education RT: Technical drawing education Engineers BT: Professional personnel RT: Engineering Scientists Technologists England USE: Great Britain English as a foreign language USE: ESOL English as a foreign language education USE: ESOL education English as a second language USE: ESOL English as a second language education USE: ESOL education English Baccalaureate BT: Qualifications English for academic purposes education SN: Curriculum subject. For non-English speakers, in order to study at higher education level or in preparation for such study. BT: English for specific purposes education RT: English for science and technology education English language English for science and technology SN: Used analogously to English for speakers of other languages. BT: ESOL RT: English for specific purposes English language English for science and technology education SN: Curriculum subject. Used for works about teaching English for science and technology. BT: English for specific purposes education RT: English for academic purposes education English language English for speakers of other languages USE: ESOL English for specific purposes SN: Used analogously to English for speakers of other languages. BT: ESOL RT: English for science and technology English language Languages for specific purposes English for specific purposes education SN: Curriculum subject. Used for works about teaching English for specific purposes. BT: ESOL education NT: English for academic purposes education English for science and technology education RT: English language Languages for specific purposes education English grammar (examination subject) BT: Examination papers English history (examination subject) BT: History (examination subject) English language BT: European languages Indo-European languages RT: English for academic purposes education English for science and technology English for science and technology education English for specific purposes English for specific purposes education English speaking Africa English studies ESOL ESOL education English language (examination subject) BT: Examination papers English language teaching USE: ESOL education English literature (examination subject) BT: Examination papers English speaking Africa UF: Anglophone Africa BT: Africa RT: Botswana Cameroon English language Gambia Ghana Kenya Lesotho Liberia Malawi Mauritius Namibia Nigeria Saint Helena Seychelles Sierra Leone South Africa South Sudan Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Uganda Zambia Zanzibar Zimbabwe English studies SN: Curriculum subject. Used for works about teaching English as a mother tongue, or in general. BT: Language studies NT: ESOL education RT: Conversation education English language Grammar education Handwriting education Language across the curriculum Language awareness Language of instruction Listening education Literacy education Literature education Modern languages education Reading education Speech education Spelling education Vocabulary education Enjoyment USE: Pleasure Enquiry services USE: Information services (libraries) Enrichment (curriculum) SN: Extension of a curriculum to compensate for cultural deprivation or to extend able children BT: Curriculum RT: Acceleration (education) Compensatory education Gifted children Learner centred curriculum Optional curriculum Special educational needs Subject choice Supplementary education Enrollment USE: Enrolment Enrolment SN: Rolls, (total number of students registered and/or attending classes in an institution), not the process of enrolment (for which Admission is used). UF: Enrollment Falling rolls School rolls BT: Administration of education RT: Birth season Educational forecasting Educational population Open enrolment Reorganisation of education School mapping School size Small schools Enterprises UF: Business enterprises BT: Organisations NT: Cooperatives Multinational enterprises Private enterprises Public enterprises RT: Business economics Business management Training and enterprise councils Entertainment UF: Amusements BT: Arts and culture Leisure activities NT: Festivals RT: Audiences Ballet Clubs Computer games Cultural participation Films Gambling Plays Puppetry Sport Television programmes Theatre Video recordings Environment BT: Human geography NT: Built environment Natural environment Social environment RT: Conservation Ecology Environmental design Environmental education Environmental management Environmental planning Environmental psychology Environmental sciences Environmental sciences education Environment heredity controversy USE: Nature nurture controversy Environmental biology USE: Ecology Environmental design SN: Includes site layout, buildings or street relationships and aesthetic design. BT: Design RT: Architecture Building design Built environment Environment Environmental planning Environmental psychology Urban planning Environmental education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Environmental sciences education RT: Agricultural education Biology education Botany education Civil engineering education Conservation of nature Ecology education Environment Environmental management Environmental planning Environmental sciences Forestry education Geography education Horticultural education Local history studies Local studies Natural environment Planning studies Rural studies Urban studies Zoology education Environmental health USE: Public health Environmental management BT: Environmental sciences Management NT: Conservation of nature Environmental planning Land use Pollution control Safety Sanitation Water treatment RT: Agricultural development Conservation Environment Environmental education Land economics Natural resources Environmental perception USE: Environmental psychology Environmental planning UF: Town and country planning BT: Environmental management Planning NT: Regional planning Urban planning RT: Economic and social planning Environment Environmental design Environmental education Land use Planning studies Public participation in planning Urban development Environmental psychology UF: Environmental perception Perception of the environment BT: Applied psychology RT: Community psychology Cultural geography Environment Environmental design Human ecology Human geography Spatial perception Environmental sciences BT: Science NT: Conservation Ecology Environmental management Pollution RT: Earth sciences Environment Environmental education Environmental sciences education Natural environment Natural resources Environmental sciences education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Science education NT: Ecology education Environmental education RT: Environment Environmental sciences Envy USE: Jealousy Epidemiology BT: Preventive medicine RT: Contact tracing Disorders Immunisation Immunology Infectious diseases Medical inspection Microbiology Pathology Public health Epigraphy SN: Study of historical inscriptions BT: History RT: Alphabets Palaeography Writing Writing systems Epilepsy SN: A common and diverse set of chronic neurological disorders characterized by seizures. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) BT: Disorders RT: Disability Neurology Sick children Epistemology SN: Branch of philosophy dealing with the study of knowledge UF: Theory of knowledge BT: Philosophy RT: Aesthetics Belief Cognition Empiricism Experience Explanation Genetic epistemology Knowledge Logical positivism Metaphysics Moral philosophy Perception Phenomenology Philosophy of education Philosophy of history Philosophy of mind Philosophy of science Philosophy of social science Rationalism Relativism Research methodology Scepticism Sociology of knowledge Truth Equal education SN: Education extending comparable opportunities to all individuals regardless of race, colour, creed, age, sex, class or ability, whether or not a specific programme of positive discrimination is involved. BT: Educational opportunity Equality RT: Access programmes Affirmative action Antiracism education Antisexist education Decolonisation of education Desegregation in education Discrimination in education Educational priority areas Equal opportunity Multicultural education Right to education Sex equality Universal primary education Women's education Equal opportunity BT: Civil and political rights Equality RT: Affirmative action Educational opportunity Equal education Racial discrimination Sex discrimination Sex equality Social opportunity Equal pay USE: Wages Equality BT: Moral concepts NT: Equal education Equal opportunity Racial equality Sex equality RT: Affirmative action Civil and political rights Freedom Impartiality Justice Maladministration Equatorial Guinea BT: Central Africa RT: French speaking Africa Equestrian sports UF: Horse racing Show jumping BT: Leisure activities Sport Equipment BT: [Services, facilities and equipment] NT: Audio equipment Calculators Chalkboards Closed circuit television Electrical equipment Furniture Laboratory equipment Machine tools Medical equipment Microscopes Projectors Scientific equipment RT: Audiovisual aids Educational buildings Laboratories Secretarial work Workshops Equivalences SN: Equivalences of qualifications. (Qualifications is not added, but may be used, where appropriate, with terms for types of qualification). UF: Recognition of qualifications BT: Qualifications RT: Admission Degrees Diplomas Educational credits Educational exchanges International examinations Joint study programmes Quality of education Validation Erasmus (programme) USE: Academic mobility Ergonomics UF: Human factor engineering BT: Design Engineering Physiology RT: Bionics Heating Human biology Human computer interaction Industrial design Industrial psychology Lighting Occupational psychology Occupational safety and health Ventilation Work study Working conditions Eritrea BT: East Africa RT: Ethiopia Erotica SN: Visual, written or oral communication intended to celebrate sexuality in a non-exploitative manner. Usually has literary or artistic value. BT: Sexuality RT: Censorship Love Pornography Sexual development Sexual practices Error analysis SN: Mathematical or statistical. For learning errors, Errors is used. BT: Mathematics RT: Descriptive statistics Reliability Errors BT: Cognition RT: Performance Eskimos SN: Used for the Inuit of Greenland, Canada and northern Alaska and also for the Inuit and related Eskimo peoples of southern and western Alaska and adjacent regions of Siberia. BT: Ethnic groups RT: Minority groups North America Russia ESL USE: ESOL ESL education USE: ESOL education ESN USE: Moderate learning difficulties ESN (severe) USE: Severe learning difficulties ESOL SN: Used for textbooks of ESOL. May be combined with other terms such as Grammar or Conversation. UF: EFL English as a foreign language English as a second language English for speakers of other languages ESL BT: ESOL education NT: English for science and technology English for specific purposes RT: Communicative competence English language Foreign languages Limited English speakers Second language ESOL education SN: Curriculum subject. Used for works about teaching English as a second or foreign language. UF: EFL education English as a foreign language education English as a second language education English language teaching ESL education Teaching English to speakers of other languages TESOL BT: English studies Modern languages education NT: English for specific purposes education ESOL RT: Communicative competence English language Language of instruction Limited English speakers Esperanto BT: International languages RT: European languages Essay writing USE: Report writing Esthetics USE: Aesthetics Estimation BT: Statistical inference RT: Forecasting Mathematical models Operations research Probability Sampling Statistical distributions Statistical tests Estonia BT: Baltic states RT: Former Soviet republics Soviet Union Ethics SN: Moral philosophy applied to something else, such as social science. May be used by itself for collections covering various applied moral problem topics (for example, abortion, animals, war). UF: Applied moral philosophy Moral problems BT: Moral philosophy NT: Medical ethics Political ethics Professional ethics Science ethics RT: Animal rights Children's rights Civil and political rights Human rights Moral behaviour Moral values Morality Philosophy of law Plagiarism Rights Ethiopia UF: Abyssinia BT: East Africa RT: Amharic language Eritrea Ethnic groups SN: Used for global works on ethnic groups, and for general works on ethnic or national groups in particular countries or areas. BT: [Peoples and cultures] Social groups NT: Aborigines Africans Asians Black people Cape Coloureds Chinese people Cypriots Eskimos Germans Hispanic Americans Irish people Israelis Italian Americans Italians Japanese people Jews Native Americans Palestinians Poles Russians Vietnamese people West Indians White people RT: Bilingualism Cross cultural psychology Cultural identity Hindus Immigrants Minority groups Mixed race Multicultural education Multilingualism Multiracial communities Muslims Pressure groups Race relations Racial attitudes Racial differences Racial discrimination Racial identification Racism Social movements Supplementary education Ethnography SN: Research approach involving thorough descriptive account of the details of social or interpersonal practices of participants in a social situation, taking their own views into account. Does not necessarily only apply to primitive societies. BT: Fieldwork RT: Anthropology of education Cultural environment Ethnomethodology Everyday life Hermeneutics Interpersonal relations Observation Participant observation Qualitative research Social conditions Social environment Ethnomethodology SN: Study of the methods employed by members of society to organise and make mutual sense of activities in which they engage BT: Research methods Sociology RT: Cognitive social psychology Ethnography Everyday life Hermeneutics Phenomenology Social interaction Social perception Symbolic interaction Ethology USE: Animal behaviour Ethos (education) USE: Educational values Ethos (educational) USE: Educational values Etiquette BT: Norms RT: Cultural behaviour Customs and traditions Rituals Social control Etruscan civilisation UF: Etruscan civilization BT: Ancient civilisations RT: Italy Roman civilisation Etruscan civilization USE: Etruscan civilisation Etymology SN: Study of the history of words, their origins, and how their form and meaning have changed over time BT: Linguistics RT: Language variation Lexicography Morphology (linguistics) Place names Semantics Spelling Vocabulary Eugenics BT: Genetics RT: Genealogy Genetic psychology Heredity Nature nurture controversy Population Europe SN: Used for European Union countries from 2004 onwards. Prior to that date, Western Europe is used for the EU. BT: [Geographical locations] NT: Eastern Europe Western Europe RT: European languages European studies Mediterranean countries European baccalaureate BT: Qualifications European history BT: History European languages SN: Indigenous languages spoken in Europe BT: Modern languages NT: Albanian language Basque language Breton language Bulgarian language Czech language Danish language Dutch language English language Finnish language Flemish language French language Gaelic language German language Greek language (modern) Hungarian language Icelandic language Irish language Italian language Norwegian language Polish language Portuguese language Romanian language Russian language Serbocroatian language Slovak language Spanish language Swedish language Turkish language Welsh language Yiddish language RT: Esperanto Europe European studies SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Area studies NT: Celtic studies Dutch studies East European studies French studies German studies Greek (modern) studies Italian studies RT: Europe Hispanic studies Euthanasia BT: Death RT: Death psychology Homicide Suicide Evaluation SN: Used by itself for fairly general works about evaluation or evaluation research (in education, however, Evaluation of education is used). For evaluation of a specific subject, the appropriate subject term and Evaluation are used. BT: [Evaluation and assessment] NT: Economic analysis Evaluation of education Formative evaluation Measurement Peer evaluation Performance Qualitative evaluation Quality assessment Remote sensing Self assessment Self evaluation Summative evaluation RT: Measures Operations research Performance appraisal Evaluation of education SN: Evaluation of education as a subject in general sense, or may be used for evaluation of a major component such as a stage or level of the education system when treatment is of sufficient generality or importance. Not used for psychometrics. For evaluation of a specific subject in education, the appropriate subject term and Evaluation are used. UF: Education evaluation Educational evaluation BT: Education Evaluation NT: Accreditation Curriculum analysis Curriculum evaluation Educational forecasting Inspection League tables Test analysis Validation Value added analysis RT: Educational assessment Educational output Educational research Formative evaluation Performance appraisal Qualitative evaluation Quality of education Summative evaluation Evenhandedness USE: Impartiality Evening classes USE: Evening schools Evening courses USE: Evening schools Evening schools UF: Evening classes Evening courses Night schools BT: Adult education institutions RT: Clubs Community centres Leisure activities Multishift systems Part time courses Everyday life UF: Daily life BT: Social concepts RT: Cultural environment Ethnography Ethnomethodology Human needs Normalisation (education) Quality of life Social conditions Social environment Evolution UF: Evolutionary biology BT: Biology RT: Adaptation (biological) Comparative psychology Evolutionism Genetics Natural selection Sociobiology Evolutionary biology USE: Evolution Evolutionism SN: Refers to the biological concept of evolution. Evolutionism was a widely held 19th century belief that organisms are intrisically bound to increase in complexity. The belief was extended to include cultural evolution and social evolution. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) BT: Philosophical schools RT: Comparative psychology Creationism Determinism Evolution Human nature Marxism Sociobiology Examination boards USE: Examining bodies Examination papers SN: Form term. Used for actual example test or question papers, or books of problems (but if predominantly recreational, Puzzles is used). UF: Examination questions BT: [Form terms] NT: Art (examination subject) Business (examination subject) Classical languages (examination subject) Economics (examination subject) English grammar (examination subject) English language (examination subject) English literature (examination subject) Geography (examination subject) Geology (examination subject) History (examination subject) Hygiene (examination subject) Mathematics (examination subject) Metalwork (examination subject) Modern languages (examination subject) Music (examination subject) Religious education (examination subject) Science (examination subject) Woodwork (examination subject) RT: Assignments Examinations Item banking Test items Examination questions USE: Examination papers Examinations SN: Educational examinations. BT: Educational assessment NT: A level examinations A level examinations (AS) CPVE External examinations Internal examinations International examinations Matriculation examination O level examinations Oral examinations Practical examinations School certificate examination Senior local examination Written examinations RT: Continuous assessment Examination papers Examiners Examining bodies Marking Profiles in education Qualifications SATs Self assessment Set books Syllabus construction Testing Theses and dissertations (examination method) Validation Examiners BT: Educational personnel RT: Examinations Examining bodies Marking Examining bodies UF: Examination boards BT: [Educational organisations] RT: Accreditation Diploma mills Examinations Examiners Marking Syllabus construction Validation Exceptional children SN: The physical attributes and/or learning abilities of some children differ from the norm (either below or above) to such an extent that they require an individualized program of special education and related services to fully benefit from education. The term exceptional children includes children who experience difficulties in learning as well as those whose performance is so superior that modifications in curriculum and instruction are necessary to help them fulfill their potential. BT: Children Exceptional people NT: Gifted children RT: Special educational needs Exceptional people SN: Adults only, or people in general, who are atypical in some way BT: Social groups NT: Exceptional children Gifted people Immigrants New literates Refugees Exchanges USE: Educational exchanges Exclusion SN: Temporary or permanent forced withdrawal of a pupil or student from school or other educational institution for disciplinary or related reasons. UF: Expulsion Suspension BT: Administration of education RT: Discipline Disruptive behaviour Executive SN: Executive government. Used for works dealing specifically with the composition and/or functioning of the executive. BT: Government RT: Central government Constitutional law Government policy Legislature Policy implementation Public administration Executive personnel USE: Managers Executives USE: Managers Exercise BT: Health Human needs RT: Locomotory systems Obesity Outdoor pursuits Physical education Physical mobility Rest Sport Sports medicine Exhibitions BT: Cultural activities NT: Educational displays RT: Art galleries Collections (teaching aids) Congresses Display boards Museums Museums and education Resource centres Existentialism SN: Philosophical and cultural movement which holds that the starting point of philosophical thinking must be the experiences of the individual. BT: Philosophical schools RT: Human nature Humanism Idealism Metaphysics Phenomenology Structuralism Expectations BT: Cognitive social psychology NT: Job expectation Teacher expectations RT: Aspiration Attitudes Attribution Cognitive therapy Interpersonal influence Learned helplessness Social exchange Expenditure BT: Financial administration NT: Educational expenditure RT: Auditing Budgetary control Costing Income Resource allocation Expenditure cuts USE: Budgetary control Experience BT: Cognition NT: Employment experience Religious experience Work experience RT: Empiricism Epistemology Experiential learning Knowledge Experiential learning SN: Learning by doing (acquiring skills and knowledge by actual practice and involvement in them). UF: Action learning BT: Learning RT: Activity methods Child centred education Cooperative education Education with production Empiricism Employment experience Experience Heuristic method Implicit learning Incidental learning Lifelong education Practical studies Practical training Prior learning Experimental design USE: Statistical design Experimental methods USE: Experiments Experimental schools BT: Schools RT: Educational research Experiments Progressive education Experimentation USE: Experiments Experiments SN: Used for works about experiments or experimental research method in social science or educational research. Contrast Experiments (lessons). UF: Experimental methods Experimentation BT: Research methods NT: Experiments (lessons) RT: Experimental schools Fieldwork Statistical design Testing Experiments (lessons) SN: Experiments used in teaching, especially in science subjects. BT: Experiments Lessons Teaching methods RT: Demonstrations (lessons) Laboratories Laboratory equipment Practical examinations Practical studies Expert systems USE: Artificial intelligence Experts USE: Specialists Explanation BT: Teaching methods RT: Causal analysis Causality Cognitive process instruction Comprehension Epistemology Hermeneutics Knowledge Rationality Reasoning Relativism Explicit values (education) USE: Educational values Explicit values (educational) USE: Educational values Expulsion USE: Exclusion Extension education SN: Instructional activities of educational institutions directed to clientele outside immediate student bodies BT: Adult education NT: University extension RT: Correspondence courses Distance education Mature students Open colleges Open universities Part time courses Part time students Summer schools Tutored video instruction External examinations SN: Examinations conducted by an institution other than the one in which the teaching has been done. Not used unless externality is specifically at issue (Examinations is preferred). BT: Examinations RT: Internal assessment Internal examinations Extramural studies (universities) USE: University extension Extrinsic motivation SN: Motivation to engage in an activity for some external reason such as gain or threat BT: Motivation NT: Incentives RT: Aspiration Intrinsic motivation Locus of control Motivation in education Punishment Reinforcement Eyes USE: Sight Fables USE: Legends Facebook USE: Social media Facial expression USE: Nonverbal communication Facilities BT: [Services, facilities and equipment] NT: Buildings Community centres Educational facilities Gardens Leisure facilities Libraries Museums Factor analysis SN: Mathematical methods used to explain the relationships observed among a large number of descriptive variables in terms of a smaller number of underlying or inferred factors BT: Statistical analysis RT: Cluster analysis Contingency analysis Factory schools USE: Industrial schools Faculties (departments) USE: Academic departments Faculty (academic staff) USE: Lecturers Faculty boards USE: Administrative structure Failing schools BT: Administration of education Failure BT: Social concepts RT: Achievement Children's problems Educability Learning disabilities Learning support Low achievement Fair-mindedness USE: Impartiality Fairy tales BT: Folk literature RT: Children's literature Fantasy (literary) Folklore Legends Mythology Nursery rhymes Story telling Faith USE: Religious belief Faith schools USE: Religious schools Falkland Islands BT: South America RT: Islands Falling rolls USE: Enrolment Falsity USE: Truth Families UF: Family Kinship Relatives (family) BT: [Children and families] Groups Sociology NT: Adopted children Adoption Foster children Grandparents Married women Mothers One parent families Only children Orphans Parent and child Parents Siblings Stepchildren Stepparents Unmarried couples Unmarried fathers Unmarried mothers RT: Childhood reminiscences Children Domestic violence Family law Family planning Family problems Family relations Family therapy Genealogy Home background Marriage Family USE: Families Family history USE: Genealogy Family law BT: Law NT: Adoption Child custody Fostering RT: Adopted children Children's rights Divorce Families Family problems Family relations Foster children Juvenile courts Marriage Marriage dissolution Unmarried couples Women's rights Family life education SN: Education of children or young people for family life and parenthood BT: Social science education RT: Family planning education Family relations Home background Home economics education Housework Parent and child Parent education Sex education Social education Family literacy BT: Literacy Family numeracy BT: Numeracy Family planning UF: Birth control Contraception Family size Fertility planning BT: Reproduction RT: Abortion Birth rate Childbirth Families Family planning education Gynaecology Health Health services Pregnancy Sex education Sexuality Family planning education SN: Curriculum subject. UF: Birth control education Contraception education Population education BT: Health education RT: Family life education Family planning Home economics education Population Sex education Family problems UF: Dysfunctional families BT: Social problems RT: Child abuse Child custody Child sexual abuse Depressed areas Divorce Domestic violence Families Family law Family relations Family therapy Homelessness Marriage dissolution Mental cruelty Poverty Runaways Unmarried fathers Unmarried mothers Family relations BT: [Children and families] Interpersonal relations NT: Birth order Parent and child RT: Child abuse Child sexual abuse Divorce Domestic violence Families Family law Family life education Family problems Family therapy Father and child Grandparents Home background Housewives Housework Marriage Marriage dissolution Mother and child One parent families Parentally deprived children Psychosocial risk Stepchildren Stepparents Unmarried fathers Unmarried mothers Family size USE: Family planning Family therapy BT: Psychotherapy RT: Child psychotherapy Domestic violence Families Family problems Family relations Group therapy Social psychiatry Famine UF: Hunger Starvation BT: Social problems NT: Food resources RT: Disasters Food Malnutrition Nutrition Safety Fantasy USE: Imagination Fantasy (literary) BT: Literary forms and genres RT: Allegory Fairy tales Imagination Far East USE: East Asia Farming USE: Agriculture Farming education USE: Agricultural education Farsi USE: Persian language Fascism USE: Totalitarianism Father and child SN: Relationship between father and child UF: Father child relationship BT: Parent and child RT: Child rearing Family relations Fathers Mother and child Parent education Parents Paternally deprived children Father child relationship USE: Father and child Fathers BT: Men Parents NT: Unmarried fathers RT: Father and child Mothers Paternity provisions Fatigue (physiology) USE: Physiological effects Fear UF: Panic BT: Emotion RT: Anxiety Courage Guilt School refusal Stress Fee paying schools USE: Independent schools Feedback (learning) BT: Learning RT: Human information processing Interactive video in education Reinforcement Sequential learning Transfer Feeling education USE: Affective education Fees (wages) USE: Wages Feltboards USE: Display boards Femininity SN: Femininity as a trait or ideology. For female sex role, Sex role and Women are used. BT: Traits RT: Androgyny Girls Heterosexism Masculinity Sex differences Sex role Sexism Women Women in literature Feminism UF: Women’s liberation movement BT: Social movements RT: Affirmative action Antisexist education Liberation movements Sex discrimination Sex equality Sex role Sexism Women Women's education Women's rights Women's studies Fencing USE: Combative sports Feral children SN: A feral child (also, colloquially, wild child) is a child who has lived isolated from human contact from a very young age, and has no (or little) experience of human care, loving or social behavior, and crucially, of human language. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) UF: Wild children BT: Children RT: Severe learning difficulties Fertilisation UF: Fertilization BT: Reproduction RT: Biotechnology Embryology Gynaecology Infertility Pregnancy Surrogacy Fertility planning USE: Family planning Fertilization USE: Fertilisation Festivals BT: Entertainment RT: Ceremonies Cultural activities Customs and traditions Religious festivals Fetishism USE: Primitive religions Feudalism BT: Political theory RT: Capitalism Economic and social development Slavery Fiction SN: Works about (for form type the term Novels is used). BT: Literary forms and genres NT: Crime fiction Romance fiction Science fiction RT: Narrative Nonfiction Popular literature Satire Story telling Field centers USE: Field centres Field centres UF: Field centers BT: Educational institutions RT: Fieldwork Outdoor pursuits Outward bound schools Field dependence / independence USE: Perceptual style Field work USE: Fieldwork Fieldwork SN: As a means of research, not of instruction for which Practical studies or Practical training are used. UF: Field work BT: Research methods NT: Ethnography Interviews (research method) Observation Participant observation Participatory research Questionnaires Surveys RT: Case study (research method) Experiments Field centres Practical studies Figurative language UF: Irony Metaphor BT: Language RT: Creative writing Literary style Fiji BT: Melanesia RT: Islands Small states Film criticism BT: Art criticism Cinema RT: Film studies Films Literary criticism Film industry BT: Cinema Service industries RT: Film making Films Film making UF: Filming Shooting (films) BT: Cinema RT: Acting Cinematography Film industry Films Stage management Film studies SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Media studies RT: Cinema Film criticism Films Television studies Filming USE: Film making Films BT: Cinema NT: Documentary films Educational films Horror films News films Westerns (films) RT: Entertainment Film criticism Film industry Film making Film studies Television programmes Finance BT: Economics NT: Budgetary control Capital Educational finance Financial administration Financial institutions Financial support Income Insurance Investment Public finance Research finance Research funding Wealth RT: Business economics International economic systems Financial administration UF: Accounting Financial management BT: Business management Finance Public administration NT: Auditing Budgetary control Cost benefit analysis Cost effectiveness Costing Expenditure Financial statements Resource allocation RT: Accountancy education Business economics Educational expenditure Educational management Financial institutions Income Income generation in education Local government finance Local management Microeconomics Performance indicators Public finance Spreadsheets Financial assistance USE: Financial support Financial awareness USE: Economic awareness Financial cuts USE: Budgetary control Financial cuts in education USE: Educational budgetary control Financial education USE: Economics education Financial institutions BT: Finance RT: Financial administration Financial support Insurance Investment Loans Financial management USE: Financial administration Financial statements BT: Financial administration RT: Auditing Spreadsheets Financial support SN: Financial support provided by external agencies, including an institution's primary funding body. Includes fund raising, sponsorship, and patronage. UF: Financial assistance Fund raising Patronage Sponsorship BT: Finance NT: Grants Loans RT: Awards Contract funding in education Educational finance Educational foundations Educational vouchers Financial institutions Income generation in education Insurance Social security Trusts Fine arts SN: Any of the arts for which aesthetic purposes are primary or uppermost BT: Visual arts NT: Architecture Graphic arts Plastic arts RT: Art education Art therapy Artists Fines USE: Noncustodial punishment Finland BT: Scandinavia RT: Finnish language Finnish language BT: European languages Indo-European languages RT: Finland Fire BT: Physics RT: Disasters Safety Safety measures First aid BT: Medical treatment Safety RT: Disaster relief work Safety education First language USE: Mother tongue First School Certificate BT: Qualifications First schools SN: Schools for first years of compulsory education before going to Middle schools (does not apply to infant school and junior school method of organisation). Used for any aspect of education applied specifically to these schools, not just management or buildings. BT: Primary schools RT: Infant schools Junior schools Key stage 1 Middle schools Nursery schools Playgroups Preschool education Young children Fisheries BT: Economic activity Technology RT: Food resources Hydrobiology Life sciences Marine biology Oceanography Flannelgraphs USE: Display boards Flemish language BT: European languages Indo-European languages RT: Belgium Flexible study SN: Method of study combining attendance at college and home study or distance education, largely at the student's own pace rather than to a set timetable. Usually used in post-compulsory education. UF: Open learning BT: Teaching methods RT: Blended learning Correspondence courses Distance education Home education Homework Individual study Individualised instruction Learner centred methods Modular courses Open colleges Open universities Part time courses Short courses Study centres for distance learners Tutored video instruction Flip teaching USE: Blended learning Flipped classroom USE: Blended learning Floods BT: Social problems RT: Disasters Earthquakes Hydraulic engineering Hydrology Meteorology Fluoridation USE: Water treatment Focus groups USE: Interviews (research method) Folk high schools SN: Tertiary level colleges stressing personal development, often catering for mature students; concept originates from Scandinavia. BT: Tertiary education institutions RT: Adult education Alternative education Citizenship education Community colleges Community education Cultural education Liberal education Lifelong education Retirement education Rural education Workers' education Folk literature BT: Literary forms and genres NT: Fairy tales Legends Nursery rhymes Proverbs RT: Folklore Oral composition Oral culture Poetry Folk music BT: Music RT: Folklore Jazz National music Pop music Songs Traditional music Folklore BT: Oral culture RT: Customs and traditions Fairy tales Folk literature Folk music Legends Magic Mythology Proverbs Rituals Story telling Food BT: Human needs NT: Alcoholic drinks RT: Catering Eating disorders Famine Food resources Food technology Home economics Malnutrition Nutrition Nutrition education Obesity Food resources UF: Food shortages BT: Famine Natural resources RT: Agricultural development Agriculture Economic geography Fisheries Food Food technology Malnutrition Nutrition Food shortages USE: Food resources Food technology BT: Technology RT: Biotechnology Food Food resources Food technology education Food technology education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Technology education RT: Biotechnology education Chemical technology education Food technology Football UF: Association football Soccer BT: Ball games RT: Rugby Forces schools USE: Armed forces schools Forecasting UF: Prediction BT: [Evaluation and assessment] NT: Educational forecasting Science forecasting RT: Estimation Forecasts Future studies Futurology Management techniques Planning Statistical inference Time series Forecasts SN: Form term. Actual forecasts and projections. For works about, Forecasting is used. UF: Projections BT: [Form terms] RT: Forecasting Foreign languages BT: Languages RT: Bilingualism Communicative competence Community languages ESOL Foreign relations Foreigners Interpreting Language colleges Languages for specific purposes Modern languages Modern languages education Mother tongue Multilingualism Second language Translation Vernacular languages Foreign languages education USE: Modern languages education Foreign relations SN: Any particular country's relations with others. BT: International relations RT: Colonial policy Decolonisation Defence Foreign languages Government policy Imperialism International conflict International law International trade International understanding Peace War Foreign schools USE: International schools Foreign students USE: International students Foreign teachers SN: Teachers from abroad teaching in a particular country BT: Foreign workers Teachers RT: Academic mobility International schools International students Teaching abroad Foreign trade USE: International trade Foreign workers SN: Foreigners working in a country within scope of their career or profession. Contrast Migrant workers. BT: Foreigners Workers NT: Foreign teachers RT: Employment abroad Gypsies Immigrants International students Migrant workers Migration Foreigners SN: Used primarily as a broader term to Foreign workers, International students etc for works dealing with several of these categories. BT: Social groups NT: Foreign workers International students Migrant workers RT: Cultural contact Cultural pluralism Foreign languages Immigrants Immigration Tourism Forestry BT: Economic activity Technology RT: Agriculture Botany Forestry education Horticulture Land use Life sciences Natural resources Plants Soil science Trees Forestry education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Technology education RT: Agricultural education Botany education Environmental education Forestry Horticultural education Rural studies Forgery USE: Fraud Forgetting BT: Memory RT: Defence mechanisms Memory disorders Retention Short term memory Form perception USE: Pattern perception Formative evaluation SN: Evaluation used to modify products or activities based on feedback obtained during their planning and development BT: Evaluation RT: Curriculum development Curriculum evaluation Evaluation of education Qualitative evaluation Summative evaluation Former Soviet republics SN: Used for works about countries of the former Soviet Union. BT: [Former states and territories] RT: Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Central Asia Estonia Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania Moldova Russia Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia USE: Macedonia Foster children BT: Families RT: Adopted children Child welfare Children in care Deserted children Family law Fostering Juvenile courts Orphans Parentally deprived children Stepchildren Fostering SN: Placement of children with a foster family BT: Family law Social action RT: Adoption Child custody Child welfare Foster children Foundation courses SN: The foundation course is a one or two year preparatory course for school-leavers who want to qualify for a place on a bachelors degree course in art, design or architecture. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Courses RT: Basic training Orientation courses Foundation degrees SN: A vocational qualification in higher education, introduced by the government of the United Kingdom in September 2001, which is available in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Foundation degrees are intended to give a basic knowledge in a subject to enable the holder to go on to employment or further study in that field. They are normally offered by universities and further education colleges working in partnership. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Qualifications Foundation stage SN: Education for children aged approximately 3-5 years. BT: Preschool education RT: Early years foundation stage Foundation training USE: Basic training Founders' days USE: Ceremonies France BT: Mediterranean countries Western Europe RT: Basque language French Guiana French language French Polynesia French studies Guadeloupe Martinique Mayotte New Caledonia Reunion Saint Pierre and Miquelon Wallis and Futuna Islands Franchising in education SN: Practice whereby the owner of a product or service in the field of education (franchisor) grants rights of local distribution to another body or individual in return for payment or royalty and an appropriate conformity to quality standards. This may typically apply to the provision of educational courses and qualifications. BT: Administration of education RT: Contracting out services Contracts Cooperation in education Educational credits Marketisation of education Qualifications Validation Francophone Africa USE: French speaking Africa Frankfurt School USE: Critical sociology Fraud UF: Embezzlement Forgery BT: Social problems RT: Cheating Diploma mills Free Church of Scotland education BT: Christianity and education RT: Christianity Protestantism Religious education Religious groups Religious schools Free schools SN: Alternative schools, informal and progressive in teaching methods and curriculum, mainly for pupils truanting from compulsory education. NOT currently for 2010-onwards 'free schools'. BT: Schools RT: Alternative education Deschooling Nonformal education Radical education School refusal Free will SN: Free will is the ability of agents to make choices unconstrained by certain factors. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) BT: Freedom RT: Autonomy Choice Decision Determinism Human nature Intention Philosophy of action Philosophy of mind Responsibility Will Freedom UF: Liberty BT: Moral concepts Social concepts NT: Free will Freedom of expression Freedom of information Freedom of movement RT: Coercion Equality Justice Oppression Teaching profession Tolerance Freedom movements USE: Liberation movements Freedom of expression UF: Freedom of speech BT: Civil and political rights Freedom RT: Academic freedom Censorship Freedom of information Freedom of movement Privacy Secrecy Tolerance Freedom of information UF: Right to information BT: Civil and political rights Freedom RT: Censorship Dissemination of information Freedom of expression Information Privacy Secrecy Freedom of movement BT: Civil and political rights Freedom RT: Freedom of expression Transport Freedom of speech USE: Freedom of expression French (examination subject) BT: Modern languages (examination subject) French Guiana BT: South America RT: France French language French studies Latin America French language BT: European languages Indo-European languages RT: France French Guiana French Polynesia French speaking Africa French studies Guadeloupe Haiti Martinique New Caledonia Saint Pierre and Miquelon Wallis and Futuna Islands French Polynesia BT: Polynesia RT: France French language French studies Islands French speaking Africa UF: Francophone Africa BT: Africa RT: Algeria Benin Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo (Democratic Republic) Congo (Republic) Djibouti Equatorial Guinea French language French studies Gabon Guinea Ivory Coast Madagascar Mali Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Morocco Niger Reunion Rwanda Senegal Seychelles Togo Tunisia French studies SN: Used for learning and teaching of all aspects of French language, life and culture. BT: European studies Modern languages education RT: Belgium Canada France French Guiana French language French Polynesia French speaking Africa Luxembourg Switzerland Freshers (students) USE: Undergraduates Friendly Islands USE: Tonga Friendly societies SN: Mutual associations for the purposes of insurance, pensions, savings or cooperative banking. (Wikipedia, accessed December 2012) BT: Cooperatives Friendship BT: Interpersonal relations RT: Love Peer groups Prosocial behaviour Sociability Fulfillment USE: Satisfaction Fulfilment USE: Satisfaction Functional grammar SN: Theory of grammar emphasising the functions performed by semantics and syntax in terms of pragmatics and psychological and typological adequacy BT: Grammar RT: Pragmatics Semantics Functional literacy SN: Level of literacy necessary for an individual to function normally and effectively in society BT: Literacy RT: Basic education Communicative competence Community development Functional literacy education Illiteracy New literates Functional literacy education BT: Literacy education RT: Basic education Community education Development education Functional literacy Handwriting education Literacy workers Mother tongue education New literates Reading education Rural development education Social education Spelling education Functionalism SN: A theory of the mind in contemporary philosophy ... Its core idea is that mental states ... are constituted soley by their functional role ... they are causal relations to other mental states, sensory inputs and behavioural outputs. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) BT: Philosophical schools RT: Holism Philosophy of social science Positivism Structuralism Fund raising USE: Financial support Fundamental research SN: Pure research, basic research, or fundamental research is research carried out to increase understanding of fundamental principles. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) UF: Basic research Pure research BT: Research RT: Applied research Furniture BT: Equipment RT: Building design Space utilisation Woodwork Further education SN: Postsecondary education below the level of higher education BT: Tertiary education NT: Advanced further education RT: Adult education Further education institutions GNVQs Higher education Secondary education Sixteen to nineteen education Technical education Upper secondary education Further education institutions SN: Normally used for management and buildings aspects only, otherwise Further education is used. UF: Colleges of further education BT: Tertiary education institutions NT: Community colleges County colleges Day continuation schools Open colleges Technical colleges Tertiary colleges Tutorial colleges Vocational colleges RT: Adult education institutions Further education Higher education institutions Liberal arts colleges Secondary schools Workers' colleges Working men's colleges Further education management USE: Educational management Further training USE: Inservice training Future studies SN: A curriculum subject. UF: Futurology education BT: Social science education RT: Forecasting Futurology Science forecasting Scientific development Social change Technological change Technology education Futurology SN: The study of the future (in the same way that history studies the past) BT: Social sciences RT: Change Civilisation Forecasting Future studies History Management techniques Science forecasting Social change Futurology education USE: Future studies Gabon BT: Central Africa RT: French speaking Africa Gaelic language UF: Scottish Gaelic BT: European languages Indo-European languages RT: Celtic studies Gaelic studies Scotland Gaelic studies SN: Learning and teaching all aspects of Gaelic language, life and culture. BT: Celtic studies Modern languages education RT: Gaelic language Scotland Gambia BT: West Africa RT: Commonwealth of Nations English speaking Africa Gambling UF: Betting Gaming and betting BT: Addiction Leisure activities RT: Entertainment Probability Risk taking Game theory SN: Game theory is a study of strategic decision making. Specifically, it is "the study of mathematical models of conflict and cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers". An alternative term suggested "as a more descriptive name for the discipline" is interactive decision theory. Game theory is mainly used in economics, political science, and psychology, as well as logic and biology. (Wikipedia, accessed May 2014) UF: Interactive decision theory BT: Operations research Probability RT: Academic games Decision theory (statistical) Management techniques Mathematical models Simulation Games (sport) USE: Sport Gaming and betting USE: Gambling Gaols USE: Prisons Gap year USE: Break in studies Gardening BT: Leisure activities RT: Botany Gardens Horticulture Plants Gardens BT: Facilities RT: Gardening Plants School grounds Gateway courses USE: Access programmes Gay people USE: Homosexuality GCE (qualification) USE: General Certificate of Education GCE scholarship BT: Qualifications GCSE SN: The General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) is an academic qualification awarded in a specified subject, generally taken in a number of subjects by students aged 14-16 in secondary education in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. It was introduced in 1986 (with the first examinations taking place in 1988) replacing the former O Level / CSE qualifications. As well as amalgamating the two former examination systems, one of the main changes was to allow students to complete course work during their two years of study, which was marked by their teachers and contributed to their final examination grade. (Wikipedia, accessed May 2014) UF: General Certificate of Secondary Education BT: Qualifications RT: Continuous assessment Key stage 4 Middle secondary education School leaving age Gender USE: Sex role Gender and education UF: Sex role and education BT: [Interaction between education and its social context] NT: Boys' education Coeducation Girls' education Men's education Single sex education Women's education RT: Sex differences Sex discrimination Sex role Genealogy SN: The study of families and the tracing of their lineages and history UF: Family history BT: History RT: Eugenics Families Heraldry Local history General Certificate of Education SN: The General Certificate of Education (GCE) is an academic qualification that examination boards in the United Kingdom and a few of the former British colonies or Commonwealth countries, notably Sri Lanka and Singapore, confer to students. The GCE traditionally comprised two levels: the Ordinary Level (O Level) and the Advanced Level (A Level). More recently examination boards also offer an intermediate third GCE level, the Advanced Subsidiary Level (AS Level) replacing the earlier Advanced Supplementary level. (Wikipedia, accessed May 2014) UF: GCE (qualification) BT: Qualifications General Certificate of Secondary Education USE: GCSE General education BT: Curriculum RT: Academic education Aims of education Basic education General knowledge General studies Liberal education Vocationalisation of education General knowledge SN: General knowledge has been defined in differential psychology as "culturally valued knowledge communicated by a range of non-specialist media" and encompassing a wide subject range. This definition excludes highly specialized learning that can only be obtained with extensive training and information confined to a single medium. (Wikipedia, accessed May 2014) BT: Curriculum NT: Intellectual disciplines RT: General education General studies General National Vocational Qualifications USE: GNVQs General practice USE: Primary health care General practitioners USE: Doctors General science (examination subject) BT: Science (examination subject) General studies UF: Liberal studies BT: [Subjects of instruction] RT: General education General knowledge Humanities education Integrated humanities studies Integrated studies Social studies General systems theory USE: Systems theory Generalisation SN: Ability to exhibit a skill or pattern of behaviour learned in one situation in other relevantly similar situations and circumstances. UF: Generalization BT: Learning RT: Associative learning Interference Transfer Generalization USE: Generalisation Generative grammar SN: Grammar designed to generate all well-formed sentences of a language. BT: Grammar NT: Transformational grammar RT: Semantics Genetic engineering USE: Genetic manipulation Genetic epistemology SN: Study of the mechanisms of the growth of knowledge, often but not exclusively associated with Jean Piaget's theories BT: Sociology of knowledge RT: Cognitive development Cognitive style Concept formation Egocentrism Epistemology Intellectual development Knowledge Genetic manipulation UF: Genetic engineering Genetic modification BT: Genetics RT: Biotechnology Cell biology Heredity Molecular biology Genetic modification USE: Genetic manipulation Genetic psychology SN: Also known as behavioural genetics, the field of study that examines the role of genetics in animal (including human) behaviour. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) UF: Behavioral genetics Behavioural genetics BT: Psychology RT: Continuity Cultural environment Educational environment Eugenics Genetics Heredity Intelligence Interactional psychology Nature nurture controversy Genetics BT: Biology NT: Eugenics Genetic manipulation Heredity Natural selection RT: Adaptation (biological) Biotechnology Cell biology Evolution Genetic psychology Molecular biology Reproduction Sociobiology Geniuses USE: Gifted people Geoboards USE: Display boards Geodynamics USE: Physics Geographers BT: Scientific personnel RT: Geography Geography BT: Earth sciences Social sciences NT: Cartography Human geography Physical geography RT: Geographers Geography education Geomorphology Local history Geography (examination subject) BT: Examination papers Geography education BT: Science education Social science education NT: Geology education Human geography education Oceanography education RT: Astronomy education Biology education Environmental education Geography Local studies Planning studies Social studies Geology BT: Earth sciences NT: Earthquakes Volcanoes RT: Geology education Geomorphology Hydrology Mineral resources Physical geography Geology (examination subject) BT: Examination papers Geology education BT: Geography education RT: Astronomy education Geology Mining education Oceanography education Geometry BT: Mathematics RT: Geometry education Geometry (examination subject) BT: Mathematics (examination subject) Geometry education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Mathematics education RT: Geometry Geomorphology SN: The scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) BT: Physical geography RT: Geography Geology Hydrology Georgia BT: Middle East RT: Former Soviet republics Soviet Union Geoscience USE: Earth sciences Geriatric psychology BT: Developmental psychology RT: Adult psychology Older adults German (examination subject) BT: Modern languages (examination subject) German language BT: European languages Indo-European languages RT: German studies Germans Germany Germany (Democratic Republic) Germany (Federal Republic) German measles USE: Rubella German studies SN: Used for the learning and teaching of all aspects of German language, life and culture BT: European studies Modern languages education RT: German language Germans Germany Germany (Democratic Republic) Germany (Federal Republic) Germans BT: Ethnic groups RT: German language German studies Germany Germany (Democratic Republic) Germany (Federal Republic) Germany SN: Germany before and after partition. Used also for works covering both East and West Germany during the period of partition. BT: Western Europe RT: German language German studies Germans Germany (Democratic Republic) Germany (Federal Republic) Germany (Democratic Republic) UF: East Germany BT: [Former states and territories] RT: Communist countries Eastern Europe German language German studies Germans Germany Germany (Federal Republic) Germany (Federal Republic) UF: West Germany BT: [Former states and territories] RT: German language German studies Germans Germany Germany (Democratic Republic) Western Europe Gerontology SN: The scientific study of the biological, psychological, and sociological phenomena that are associated with old age and aging BT: Sociology Gestalt psychology SN: Gestalt psychology or gestaltism is a theory of mind of the Berlin School. The central principle of gestalt psychology is that the mind forms a global whole with self-organizing tendencies. (Wikipedia, accessed May 2014) BT: Psychological schools RT: Holism Perception Perceptual style Ghana BT: West Africa RT: Commonwealth of Nations English speaking Africa Gibraltar BT: Mediterranean countries Western Europe Gifted children UF: Brilliant children BT: Exceptional children Gifted people RT: Acceleration (education) Creativity Enrichment (curriculum) Intelligence Gifted people UF: Geniuses BT: Exceptional people NT: Gifted children RT: Creativity Intelligence Gilbert and Ellice Islands SN: Before separation into Kiribati and Tuvalu. The Gilbert Islands have been the major part of the nation of Kiribati since 1979. The Ellice Islands became Tuvalu in 1978. BT: [Former states and territories] RT: Islands Kiribati Micronesia Tuvalu Gilles de la Tourette syndrome USE: Tourette syndrome Gipsies USE: Gypsies Girls BT: Children Women RT: Boys Femininity Girls' education Girls' schools Sex differences Women's education Girls' education SN: Used to refer to girls in compulsory education in any type of school (and also includes 16-18 year olds staying on at school to do A-levels). BT: Gender and education RT: Girls Girls' schools Women's education Girls' schools BT: Schools RT: Boys' schools Coeducation Girls Girls' education Single sex education Women's education Girls brigade USE: Youth organisations Glass SN: Includes glass technology. BT: Materials science Technology RT: Chemical technology Global languages USE: International languages Globalisation SN: The process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas and other aspects of culture ... Advances in transportation and telecommunications infrastructure ... are major factors in globalisation, generating further interdependence of economic and cultural activities ... In 2000, the International Monetary Fund identified four basic aspects of globalisation: trade and transactions, capital and investment movements, migration and movement of people and the dissemination of knowledge. UF: Globalization BT: Economics International relations RT: Cosmopolitanism International economic systems International trade Migration Globalization USE: Globalisation Glossaries USE: Dictionaries GNVQs SN: Vocational A-levels: qualifications which are alternatives to GCE A level or to taking additional GCSEs at an upper secondary or equivalent level of progress. UF: General National Vocational Qualifications BT: NVQs Qualifications RT: Further education Occupational requirements Sixteen to nineteen education Training Upper secondary education Vocational education Vocationalisation of education Goal setting USE: Management by objectives Goals USE: Aims Golf USE: Ball games Good (moral concept) USE: Moral concepts Governing bodies UF: Boards of governors Governors BT: Administrative structure RT: Educational management Head teachers Local management School councils Government UF: State BT: Political science NT: Agency cooperation Armed forces Central government Central local government relations Centralisation Civil service Comparative politics Defence Development aid Devolution Educational aid Executive Government libraries Government policy Legislature Local government Militarism Ombudsman Public administration Public enterprises Regional government State intervention State security Statutory bodies Taxation RT: Constitution Constitutional law Official publications Government departments UF: Ministries (government departments) BT: Central government Organisations NT: Departments of education RT: Bureaucracy Civil service Government educational bodies Government libraries Public administration Regional government Statutory bodies Government education bodies USE: Government educational bodies Government educational bodies UF: Government education bodies BT: Central government NT: Departments of education RT: Administration of education Civil service Control of education Government departments International educational bodies Local education authorities National educational bodies Regional educational bodies Statutory bodies Government libraries BT: Government Libraries RT: Government departments National libraries Government policy BT: Government Policy NT: Colonial policy Cultural policy Development aid policy Economic policy Educational policy Labour policy Language policy Social policy RT: Executive Foreign relations Legislature Policy implementation Policy making Government publications USE: Official publications Governors USE: Governing bodies Grade repetition SN: Grade retention or grade repetition is the process of having a student repeat an educational course, usually one previously failed. Students who repeat a course are referred as "repeaters". Repeaters can be referred to as having been "held back". (Wikipedia, accessed May 2014) UF: Grade retention BT: School organisation Grade retention USE: Grade repetition Graded tests USE: Criterion referenced assessment Graduate bodies USE: Administrative structure Graduate education USE: Postgraduate education Graduate employment UF: Postgraduate employment BT: Employment NT: Graduate unemployment RT: Employment and education Graduates Postgraduate education Graduate unemployment BT: Graduate employment RT: Graduates Youth unemployment Graduates BT: Students NT: Research students RT: Graduate employment Graduate unemployment Postgraduate education Undergraduates Grammar SN: Includes study of rules of the relation of words to one another. UF: Clauses Sentences Syntax BT: Linguistics NT: Functional grammar Generative grammar Morphology (linguistics) RT: Grammar education Semantics Structural linguistics Systemic linguistics Grammar education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Language studies RT: Conversation education English studies Grammar Linguistics education Modern languages education Mother tongue education Vocabulary education Grammar schools SN: A grammar school is one of several different types of school in the history of education in the United Kingdom and some other English-speaking countries, originally a school teaching classical languages but more recently an academically oriented secondary school. Grammar schools became the selective tier of the Tripartite System of state-funded secondary education operating in England and Wales from the mid-1940s to the late 1960s and continuing in Northern Ireland. With the move to non-selective comprehensive schools in the 1960s and 1970s, some grammar schools became fully independent and charged fees, while most others were abolished or became comprehensive. In both cases, many of these schools kept "grammar school" in their names. Some parts of England retain forms of the Tripartite System, and a few grammar schools survive in otherwise comprehensive areas. (Wikipedia, accessed May 2014) BT: Secondary schools RT: City technology colleges Comprehensive schools Grant maintained schools Independent schools Language colleges Private education Secondary modern schools Technical schools Technology colleges Grandfathers USE: Grandparents Grandmothers USE: Grandparents Grandparents UF: Grandfathers Grandmothers BT: Families RT: Family relations Older adults Parents Grant maintained schools SN: SPECIFIC HISTORICAL CONCEPT. State schools in England and Wales between 1988 and 1998 that had opted out of local government control, being funded directly by a grant from central government. Some of these schools had selective admissions procedures. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) UF: Opting out schools BT: Schools RT: Central local government relations City technology colleges Comprehensive schools Control of education Educational finance Grammar schools Independent schools Local management Marketisation of education State and education Grants SN: Educational financial awards to defray all or part of the costs of tuition fees or other expenses for periods of study or research. Also, in a more general sense, grants (as opposed to e.g. loans or contractual payments) made to institutions for educational research, or other similar purposes UF: Allowances Awards (educational) Scholarships BT: Financial support NT: Education support grants RT: Educational foundations Educational vouchers Loans Proposal writing Trusts Tuition fees Graphic arts UF: Pictorial arts BT: Fine arts NT: Commercial art Drawing Graphic design Handwriting Illustration Painting RT: Art education Art therapy Artists Children's art Computer graphics Graphic arts education Photography Printing Reproductive arts Visual literacy Graphic arts education SN: Curriculum subject. Education in painting, drawing and similar graphic activities. UF: Drawing education (art) Painting education (art) BT: Art education RT: Children's art Drawing Graphic arts Graphic design Painting Technical drawing education Visual literacy Graphic design SN: Graphic design is a creative process ... Common uses of graphic design include identity (logos and branding), publications (magazines, newspapers and books), advertisements and product packaging. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) BT: Design Graphic arts RT: Commercial art Computer graphics Graphic arts education Graphical user interfaces Illustration Printing Statistics Visual literacy Graphicacy USE: Visual literacy Graphical user interfaces UF: GUIs Icons (computers) WIMP interfaces (computers) BT: Human computer interaction RT: Computer graphics Graphic design Graphs BT: Visual materials RT: Algebra Statistics Great Britain UF: England UK United Kingdom BT: Western Europe NT: Northern Ireland Scotland Wales RT: Commonwealth of Nations Ireland Greco-Roman civilisation USE: Classical civilisation Greco-Roman civilization USE: Classical civilisation Greece BT: Mediterranean countries Western Europe RT: Byzantine civilisation Classical civilisation Greek (modern) studies Greek civilisation Greek language (classical) Greek language (modern) Hellenistic civilisation Greek (classical) education USE: Classics education Greek (examination subject) BT: Classical languages (examination subject) Greek (modern) studies SN: Learning and teaching all aspects of Greek language, life and culture. UF: Modern Greek studies BT: European studies Modern languages education RT: Cypriots Cyprus Greece Greek language (modern) Greek civilisation SN: Ancient Greek civilisation UF: Greek civilization BT: Classical civilisation RT: Classics education Greece Greek language (classical) Hellenistic civilisation Roman civilisation Greek civilization USE: Greek civilisation Greek language (classical) UF: Classical Greek language BT: Indo-European languages Premodern languages RT: Classical civilisation Classics education Greece Greek civilisation Greek language (modern) Hellenistic civilisation Latin language Greek language (modern) UF: Modern Greek language BT: European languages Indo-European languages RT: Cypriots Cyprus Greece Greek (modern) studies Greek language (classical) Green movement SN: Green politics is a political ideology that aims to create an ecologically sustainable society rooted in environmentalism, social justice, and grassroots democracy. (Wikipedia, accessed May 2014) UF: Green politics BT: Social movements Green politics USE: Green movement Gregariousness USE: Sociability Grenada BT: Windward Islands RT: Commonwealth of Nations Islands Grenfell SN: Form term. BT: [Form terms] Grief UF: Bereavement Mourning Sadness Sorrow BT: Emotion RT: Death psychology Depression Happiness Rejection Self injurious behaviour Stress Suffering Widows Grievance procedures UF: Complaints procedure Complaints procedures BT: Intergroup relations RT: Administration of justice Conditions of employment Industrial relations Interpersonal conflict Maladministration Ombudsman Personnel management Social conflict Group behavior USE: Group behaviour Group behaviour SN: Behaviour of a group of individuals, or of individuals in a group setting UF: Group behavior BT: Social behaviour Social relationships NT: Teamwork RT: Group differences Group dynamics Group therapy Group work Group work (social work) Groups Organisational behaviour Prosocial behaviour Sensitivity training Sociability Social choice Group communication SN: Communication within a social group such as an invisible college. For communication face to face in small groups, Group behaviour plus Interpersonal communication are used. BT: Communication process NT: Congresses Meetings Teleconferencing RT: Communication psychology Communication skills Computer mediated communication Dissemination of information Email Group dynamics Groups Interpersonal communication Group differences BT: Social relationships RT: Class consciousness Communities Group behaviour Groups Individual differences Intergroup relations Peer groups Racial differences Sex differences Social groups Subcultures Group dynamics SN: Relationships, structure, functioning and related changes within a group. BT: Social relationships RT: Group behaviour Group communication Groups Leadership Sensitivity training Sociometry Teacher pupil relations Teamwork Group psychotherapy USE: Group therapy Group teaching USE: Team teaching Group testing BT: Educational assessment RT: Group work Groups Individual testing Group theory (mathematics) USE: Algebra Group therapy SN: Group psychotherapy or group therapy is a form of psychotherapy in which one or more therapists treat a small group of clients together as a group. (Wikipedia, accessed May 2014) UF: Group psychotherapy BT: Psychotherapy RT: Drama therapy Family therapy Group behaviour Group work Group work (social work) Groups Role playing Sensitivity training Group work SN: Group work as a teaching or learning method. BT: Teaching methods RT: Discussions Educational games Group behaviour Group testing Group therapy Group work (social work) Grouping Groups Independent study groups Mixed ability grouping Peer tutoring Seminars Sensitivity training Team teaching Tutorials Vertical grouping Group work (social work) UF: Social group work BT: Social action Social work RT: Community work Group behaviour Group therapy Group work Groups Sensitivity training Grouping UF: Academic grouping Pupil grouping BT: School organisation NT: Ability grouping Educational segregation Integration (mainstreaming) Mixed ability grouping Multiple classes Pupil placement Special units Vertical grouping RT: Class size Classwork Educational management Group work House system Groups BT: [Social context for human activity] Sociology NT: Families Organisations Social groups RT: Clubs Committees Communities Group behaviour Group communication Group differences Group dynamics Group testing Group therapy Group work Group work (social work) Intergroup relations Growth SN: When applied to a particular age group, used with age group term e.g. PRESCHOOL CHILDREN not with development term e.g. PRESCHOOL DEVELOPMENT, unless the general development at that stage of life is also being discussed. UF: Physical development BT: Physiology NT: Prenatal development RT: Ageing Child development Child health Embryology Growth disorders Life cycle Morphology (biology) Paediatrics Perceptual motor development Physical education Physiological psychology Physique Puberty Growth disorders BT: Disorders RT: Growth Perinatal risk Physique Premature infants GTS USE: Tourette syndrome Guadeloupe BT: Leeward Islands RT: France French language Guatemala BT: Central America RT: Latin America Guidance officers BT: Educational personnel RT: Careers teachers Counselling Educational guidance Educational social workers Psychological services Psychologists Social workers Teachers Training officers Vocational guidance Youth employment services Guides SN: Form term. Actual guidebooks. UF: Handbooks Manuals BT: [Form terms] NT: Parents' guides Teachers' guides RT: Directories Encyclopaedias Information sources Guides (organisation) USE: Youth organisations Guides (organization) USE: Youth organisations Guiding (girls) USE: Youth organisations Guild schools SN: SPECIFIC HISTORICAL CONCEPT. BT: Schools Guilt BT: Emotion RT: Anxiety Conscience Fear Moral behaviour Shame Guinea BT: West Africa RT: French speaking Africa Islamic countries Guinea-Bissau BT: West Africa RT: Islamic countries Portuguese speaking Africa GUIs USE: Graphical user interfaces Gujarati language UF: Gujurati language BT: Indic languages South Asian languages RT: Gujarati studies India Gujarati studies UF: Gujurati studies BT: Indic studies RT: Gujarati language India Gujurati language USE: Gujarati language Gujurati studies USE: Gujarati studies Guyana BT: South America RT: Commonwealth of Nations Latin America Gymnasia UF: Gyms BT: Sports facilities RT: Educational buildings Physical education Gymnastics BT: Leisure activities Sport RT: Physical education Gyms USE: Gymnasia Gynaecology SN: Study of the health of the female reproductive system. UF: Gynecology Obstetrics BT: Medical sciences Reproduction NT: Childbirth Menstruation Perinatal risk RT: Abortion Antenatal education Embryology Family planning Fertilisation Infertility Maternity provisions Midwives Pregnancy Prenatal development Gynecology USE: Gynaecology Gypsies UF: Gipsies BT: Nomads RT: Foreign workers Itinerant workers Migrant workers Migration Minority groups Travellers' education Travellers (itinerants) Gypsy education USE: Travellers' education Habit BT: Behaviour NT: Reading habit RT: Adjustment Conformity Instinct Norms Self regulation Hairdressing education BT: Vocational education Haiti BT: West Indies RT: French language Latin America Half time schooling SN: Nineteenth century practice involving children of school age spending half their time at school and half in employment. BT: School time RT: Day release Educational leave Part time courses Part time employment Part time students Handbooks USE: Guides Handedness USE: Lateral dominance Handheld computers USE: Mobile technology Handicrafts SN: Used in general context, or in educational context at the pre-secondary level. UF: Arts and crafts Crafts BT: Visual arts RT: Art therapy Artists Children's art Design and technology education Metalwork education Needlework education Plastic arts Pottery education Sculpture education Woodwork education Handwriting SN: The act or process of writing with the hand UF: Calligraphy BT: Graphic arts Writing RT: Handwriting education Literacy Palaeography Spelling Writing systems Handwriting education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Language studies RT: Basic subjects English studies Functional literacy education Handwriting Literacy education Mother tongue education Reading education Spelling education Writing education Hans SN: Form term. BT: [Form terms] Happiness UF: Joy BT: Emotion RT: Grief Optimism Pleasure Satisfaction Hate BT: Emotion RT: Aggression Alienation Anger Interpersonal conflict Jealousy Love Prejudice Violence Hausa language BT: African languages RT: Hausa studies Niger Nigeria West Africa Hausa studies SN: Learning and teaching all aspects of Hausa language, life and culture. BT: African studies Modern languages education RT: Hausa language Niger Nigeria West Africa HCI USE: Human computer interaction Head teachers UF: Headmasters Headmistresses Headteachers Principals (school) School principals BT: Teachers RT: Deputy head teachers Educational management Governing bodies Heads of departments Local management Subject coordinators Headmasters USE: Head teachers Headmistresses USE: Head teachers Heads of administration (institutional) USE: Chief administrative officers Heads of departments BT: Educational personnel RT: Academic departments Advisory teachers Deputy head teachers Educational management Head teachers Professors Special educational needs coordinators Subject coordinators Headteachers USE: Head teachers Health BT: [Health and illness] NT: Addiction Birth defects Child health Disability Diseases Disorders Down's syndrome Exercise Health services Hygiene Illness Mental health Nutrition Obesity Public health Rest Safety RT: Family planning Health education Health centers USE: Health centres Health centres UF: Clinics (health) Health centers Medical centers Medical centres BT: Health services RT: Health visiting Hospitals Medical treatment Preventive medicine Primary health care Public health Health education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: [Subjects of instruction] NT: Alcohol education Drug education Family planning education Nutrition education Physical education Safety education Sex education RT: Child health Health Health promotion Human biology education Medical education Mental health and education Nursing education Primary health care Public health Health promotion BT: Health services RT: Health education Preventive medicine Health services UF: Medical services BT: Health NT: Dental health services Diagnosis Health centres Health promotion Hospices Hospitals Medical treatment Mental health services National Health Service Paediatrics Preventive medicine Primary health care Residential care RT: Family planning Human needs Medical equipment Public health Social services Health visiting SN: Professional individuals engaged in public health work within the domestic setting, predominantly found in countries with state-funded health systems (Wikipedia, accessed May 2014) UF: Health visitors BT: Medical treatment RT: Antenatal education Child health Community care Contact tracing Health centres Home care Midwives Nursing Paramedical personnel Patients Preventive medicine Primary health care Rehabilitation Sick children Social work Health visitors USE: Health visiting Hearing SN: Used for physiology and anatomy of hearing. For psychological and philosophical aspects, Auditory perception is used. UF: Ears BT: Sensory systems RT: Auditory perception Deafness Hearing impairment Listening Partial hearing Prosthetics Sound Hearing impairment BT: Physical disability NT: Deafness Partial hearing RT: Auditory perception Communication difficulties Hearing Language difficulties Lipreading Multiple disabilities Sign language Heart disease UF: Cardiovascular disease BT: Diseases RT: Obesity Smoking Stress Heat BT: Physics Heat (examination subject) BT: Physics (examination subject) Heating BT: Building services RT: Electrical equipment Ergonomics Hebrew language BT: Asian languages RT: Israel Jewish studies Jews Hebrew studies USE: Jewish studies Hellenistic civilisation SN: Greek civilisation from the death of Alexander the Great to the beginning of the Roman Empire (principate) UF: Hellenistic civilization BT: Classical civilisation RT: Classics education Greece Greek civilisation Greek language (classical) Roman civilisation Hellenistic civilization USE: Hellenistic civilisation Helplessness (learned) USE: Learned helplessness Hemispheric specialisation USE: Brain hemisphere functions Hemispheric specialization USE: Brain hemisphere functions Heraldry SN: The practice of designing, displaying, describing and recording coats of arms and heraldic badges BT: History RT: Genealogy Heredity BT: Genetics RT: Eugenics Genetic manipulation Genetic psychology Individual differences Longitudinal studies Natural selection Nature nurture controversy Reproduction Sociobiology Twins Heredity environment controversy USE: Nature nurture controversy Heritage education USE: Local history studies Hermeneutics SN: Approaches to social science and sociology which empasise the importance of meaningfulness in actors' social action and in theorists' theories of it. BT: Sociology Theory RT: Cognitive social psychology Critical sociology Ethnography Ethnomethodology Explanation Individualism Intention Motivation Personal construct theory Phenomenology Philosophy of social science Semantics Sociology of knowledge Symbolic interaction Heroism USE: Courage Heterosexism SN: Ideology explicitly or implicitly supporting discriminating treatment to the disadvantage of homosexuals UF: Homophobia BT: Discrimination RT: Bisexuality Femininity Homosexuality Lesbianism Male homosexuality Masculinity Prejudice Sex role Sexual practices Stereotyping Transsexualism Heuristic method UF: Discovery method BT: Teaching methods RT: Activity methods Experiential learning Learner centred methods Questioning (teaching method) Hidden curriculum USE: Paracurriculum High-Scope system USE: HighScope system High rise flats BT: Buildings Housing RT: New towns Public housing Residential areas High risk children (psychosocial) USE: Psychosocial risk High schools USE: Secondary schools High self-esteem USE: Self esteem High self esteem USE: Self esteem High/Scope system USE: HighScope system Higher Certificate BT: Qualifications Higher education SN: Stage following upper secondary level in university, polytechnic or similar level institutions BT: Tertiary education NT: Advanced further education Postgraduate education Undergraduate education RT: Diploma mills Further education Higher education institutions Intellectual disciplines Higher education institutions SN: Used for management and buildings aspects only. Otherwise Higher education is used. BT: Tertiary education institutions NT: Central institutions Colleges of higher education Liberal arts colleges Polytechnics Research centres Teacher education colleges Universities RT: Further education institutions Higher education Vocational colleges Higher education management USE: Educational management Higher mathematics education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Mathematics education RT: Applied mathematics education Pure mathematics education Higher National Diploma UF: HND BT: Qualifications Higher School Certificate BT: Qualifications Higher School Examination BT: Qualifications HighScope system SN: Used in early childhood education settings. UF: High-Scope system High/Scope system BT: Teaching systems Hiking USE: Outdoor pursuits Hindi language BT: Indic languages South Asian languages RT: India Indians Urdu language Hinduism BT: Modern religions RT: Ashram schools Asia Asians Hinduism and education Hindus India Indians Nepal South Asia Southeast Asia Sri Lanka Hinduism and education BT: Religion and education RT: Ashram schools Asia Hinduism Hindus South Asia Southeast Asia Hindus BT: [Peoples and cultures] RT: Asia Asians Ethnic groups Hinduism Hinduism and education India Indians Nepal South Asia Sri Lanka Hispanic Americans BT: Ethnic groups NT: Mexican Americans RT: Hispanic studies Minority groups North American studies Spanish language Spanish studies United States Hispanic studies SN: Used for works covering the study of Spanish speaking and Portuguese speaking and other Iberian (e.g. Catalan) countries or communities and their languages, life and culture, in Europe and elsewhere. UF: Iberian studies BT: Area studies Modern languages education NT: Latin American studies Portuguese studies Spanish studies RT: European studies Hispanic Americans Latin America Portugal Spain Spanish language Historians BT: Professional personnel RT: Historiography History Social scientists Historical documents SN: Form term. British government documents (not educational) published up to and including 1918, and non-British government documents (not educational) published up to and including 1945. Also used for non-government official or semi-official publications or printed matter (e.g. ephemera). BT: [Form terms] RT: Documentary history History Information sources Official publications Historicism USE: Determinism Historiography SN: Refers either to the study of the methodology and development of history as a discipline, or to a body of historical work on a specialised topic. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) BT: History RT: Documentary history Historians History education Narrative Oral history Philosophy of history History BT: Humanities NT: Ancient history Art history British history Chronology Cultural history Documentary history Economic history Epigraphy European history Genealogy Heraldry Historiography History of education History of ideas History of science Literary history Local history Medieval history Modern history Numismatics Oral history Palaeography Political history Prehistory Religious history Sigillography Social history RT: Archaeology Futurology Historians Historical documents History education Museums Philosophy of history History (examination subject) BT: Examination papers NT: Ancient history (examination subject) English history (examination subject) Modern history (examination subject) History education SN: Curriculum subject. UF: History studies BT: Humanities education NT: Ancient history education History of education studies Local history studies RT: Archaeology education Classics education Historiography History Museum studies Museums and education History of education UF: Educational history BT: Education History NT: Colonial education Postwar education RT: Biographies History of education documents History of education studies Traditional curriculum History of education documents SN: Form term. British government documents on education published up to and including 1918 and non-British government documents on education published up to and including 1945. Also used for non-government official or semi-official publications or printed matter (e.g. ephemera). BT: [Form terms] RT: History of education History of education studies History of education studies SN: Curriculum subject. The study and teaching of the history of education. BT: Education studies History education RT: Colonial education Comparative education studies History of education History of education documents History of ideas BT: History RT: Art history Civilisation Concepts History of science Philosophy Sociology of culture Sociology of knowledge History of mathematics USE: History of science History of science UF: History of mathematics History of technology BT: History Science RT: History of ideas Philosophy of science Scientific development Scientific institutions Technological change History of technology USE: History of science History studies USE: History education HIV/AIDS USE: AIDS HKD USE: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder HND USE: Higher National Diploma Hobbies USE: Leisure activities Hockey BT: Ball games Holiday schools UF: Camp schools BT: Schools RT: Short courses Summer schools Tourism Vacations Holidays USE: Vacations Holism SN: The idea that natural systems (physical, biological, chemical, social, economic, mental, linguistic etc) and their properties, should be viewed as wholes, not as collections of parts. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013) UF: Methodological holism BT: Philosophical schools RT: Functionalism Gestalt psychology Individualism Marxism Philosophy of social science Realism Structuralism Systems theory Holocaust UF: Shoah BT: Antisemitism RT: Cruelty Jewish studies Jews Judaism Oppression Totalitarianism Holy See USE: Vatican City Holy writings USE: Sacred texts Home and school BT: Sociology of education RT: Educational environment Home background SN: Used for relationship between home situation and school performance and other topics of generally descriptive intent. For works on how to improve relations between home and schools, Parents and schools is used. BT: Sociology of education RT: Community and education Cultural environment Culture and education Educational background Educational environment Families Family life education Family relations Home education Homework Parent participation Parents and schools Pupil attitudes Home based learning USE: Home education Home care SN: Caregiving in the home for the elderly or for invalid, sick or handicapped people of any age (for children used with Sick children or similar term). UF: Care at home BT: Medical treatment Social action RT: Caregiving Caring professions Community care Day care Health visiting Nursing Patients Rehabilitation Residential care Sick children Social work Home economics SN: Field of study that deals with the economics and management of the home, community and family UF: Domestic science BT: Sociology NT: Housework RT: Catering Consumers Domestic staff Food Home economics education Housewives Housing Human needs Standard of living Home economics education SN: Curriculum subject. UF: Domestic science education BT: Social science education NT: Catering studies Consumer education RT: Economic awareness Family life education Family planning education Home economics Housework Leisure studies Nutrition education Parent education Practical skills education Home education SN: Education at home UF: Home based learning Homeschool Homeschooling BT: [Interaction between education and its social context] RT: Child care Child minding Child rearing Correspondence courses Distance education Flexible study Home background Homework Open colleges Open universities Out of school education Parent participation Traditional education Home employment SN: Not necessarily, or usually, self employment UF: Employment at home Homeworking Work at home (employment) BT: Employment RT: Informal economy Information technology Part time employment Self employment Women's employment Home study USE: Homework Homeless USE: Homelessness Homelessness SN: Used for children of homeless families who are nonetheless in care of their families (i.e. not in the care system), or for homeless people generally. UF: Homeless BT: Social problems NT: Runaways RT: Disadvantage Family problems Hostels Housing Poverty Homemaking USE: Housework Homeschool USE: Home education Homeschooling USE: Home education Homework UF: Home study BT: Study methods RT: Assignments Classwork Correspondence courses Flexible study Home background Home education Individual study Library work (study method) Homeworking USE: Home employment Homicide UF: Assassination Murder BT: Crime RT: Death Death psychology Euthanasia Suicide Violence Homology USE: Topology Homophobia USE: Heterosexism Homosexuality UF: Gay people Homosexuals BT: Sexuality NT: Lesbianism Male homosexuality RT: Bisexuality Heterosexism Sex role Sexual development Sexual practices Transsexualism Homosexuals USE: Homosexuality Honduras BT: Central America RT: Latin America Hong Kong SN: If considered separately from the rest of China. Hong Kong became part of China in 1997. BT: East Asia RT: China Chinese language Chinese people Chinese studies Hooliganism USE: Vandalism Hope USE: Optimism Horror films BT: Films Horse racing USE: Equestrian sports Horticultural education BT: Agricultural education RT: Botany education Environmental education Forestry education Horticulture Rural studies Horticulture BT: Agriculture RT: Botany Forestry Gardening Horticultural education Plants Soil science Hospices BT: Health services RT: Death Death psychology Hospitals Nursing Patients Residential care Hospital patients USE: Patients Hospital schools SN: A hospital school is a school operated in a hospital, generally a children's hospital which provides instruction to all primary and secondary grade levels. (Wikipedia, accessed May 2014) BT: Special schools RT: Hospitalised children Hospitals Sick children Hospital schools (endowed) SN: Independent schools originally founded as charitable foundations. BT: Independent schools Hospitalised children UF: Children in hospital Hospitalized children BT: Sick children RT: Hospital schools Hospitals Illness Nursing Paediatrics Hospitalized children USE: Hospitalised children Hospitals BT: Health services RT: Health centres Hospices Hospital schools Hospitalised children Medical sciences Medical treatment Nursing Patients Public health Residential care Hostels BT: Housing RT: Homelessness Public housing Runaways Student accommodation Vagrants Hotel management education USE: Catering studies House system SN: The house system is a traditional feature of schools in the English-speaking world, particularly in Commonwealth countries, and originated in England. The school is divided into a number of houses and each student is allocated to one house. Houses may compete with one another at sports and maybe in other ways, thus providing a focus for group loyalty. Different schools will have a different number of houses, so that some might have more than 10 houses (with as few as 50 students in each house) or as few as four (with as many as 200 students in each). Facilities, such as pastoral care, may be provided on a house basis to a greater or lesser extent depending on the type of school. Historically, the house system was associated with established public schools in England, especially full boarding schools, where a 'house' referred to a boarding house at the school. In the case of a day school, however, the word 'house' usually refers only to a grouping of pupils, rather than to a particular building. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: School organisation RT: Grouping Pastoral care Housewives BT: Married women RT: Family relations Home economics Housework Informal economy Mothers Women's employment Housework SN: Task of running a home, cooking, cleaning etc. UF: Homemaking BT: Home economics Labour RT: Family life education Family relations Home economics education Housewives Women's employment Housing BT: Buildings Human needs NT: High rise flats Hostels Public housing Student accommodation RT: Architecture Built environment Construction engineering Home economics Homelessness Property Residential areas Slums Urban sociology Housing estates USE: Residential areas Human biology BT: Biology Medical sciences NT: Physiological effects RT: Anthropology Bionics Ergonomics Human biology education Human ecology Human nature Human needs Sports medicine Human biology education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Biology education RT: Anthropology education Health education Human biology Human ecology education Medical education Nursing education Physical education Psychology education Human body environmental effects USE: Physiological effects Human capital SN: The stock of competencies, knowledge, social and personality attributes ... embodied in the ability to perform labour so as to produce economic value. It is an aggregate economic view of the human being acting within economies. (Wikipedia, accessed December 2012). Skills and abilities possessed by an individual enabling earning of income. Includes investment in and creation of human capital, i.e. education and training in abilities and skills. UF: Human resources Labor force Labour force Manpower Working population BT: Economics Labour NT: Human capital and education Human capital planning RT: Ability Educational output Employment and education Investment Labour market Occupational sociology Role of education Skill Workers Human capital and education UF: Manpower and education BT: Economics of education Human capital RT: Business and education Development and education Educational forecasting Educational output Educational planning Employment and education Human capital planning Industry and education Occupational requirements Human capital planning UF: Manpower planning BT: Economic and social planning Human capital RT: Employment services Human capital and education Labour market Labour policy Labour shortages Human computer interaction UF: HCI Natural language interaction BT: Computers NT: CD-ROMs Graphical user interfaces Hypermedia Multimedia RT: Artificial intelligence Computer assisted learning Computer programming Computer software Educational software Ergonomics Interactive video in education Occupational safety and health Human ecology SN: Human ecology is an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary study of the relationship between humans and their natural, social, and built environments. (Wikipedia, accessed May 2014) BT: Ecology RT: Environmental psychology Human biology Human ecology education Human geography Human nature Human needs Natural environment Physiological effects Social environment Human ecology education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Ecology education RT: Anthropology education Human biology education Human ecology Human geography education Human factor engineering USE: Ergonomics Human geography UF: Social geography BT: Geography NT: Census Communities Community development Cultural geography Economic geography Environment Migration Political geography Ports Regional characteristics Rural areas Rural development Sparsely populated areas Urban areas Urban development RT: Environmental psychology Human ecology Human geography education Population Social environment Human geography education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Geography education RT: Human ecology education Human geography Sociology education Human information processing SN: Psychological UF: Information processing BT: Cognition RT: Decision Feedback (learning) Information Judgment Perception Problem solving Reasoning Short term memory Thinking Human nature SN: Human nature refers to the distinguishing characteristics, including ways of thinking, feeling and acting, that humans tend to have naturally, independently of the influence of culture. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013). BT: Psychology RT: Animal behaviour Comparative psychology Determinism Evolutionism Existentialism Free will Human biology Human ecology Human rights Humanism Humanistic psychology Imagination Intelligence Philosophy of mind Philosophy of social science Human needs BT: [Human needs and recreation] NT: Clothing Educational needs Exercise Food Housing Leisure Leisure activities Rest Sport RT: Everyday life Health services Home economics Human biology Human ecology Quality of life Self care skills Social services Standard of living Transport Human pathology USE: Pathology Human performance (general) USE: Skill Human relations USE: Interpersonal relations Human resources USE: Human capital Human resources management USE: Personnel management Human rights SN: Human rights are moral principles that set out certain standards of human behaviour, and are regularly protected as legal rights in national and international law. (Wikipedia, accessed May 2014). Used for works applying to humans generally. For more restricted categories, the appropriate term + Rights are used, or a precombined term such as Children's rights, Women's rights. BT: Rights NT: Children's rights Civil and political rights Right to education Women's rights RT: Animal rights Ethics Human nature Human rights education Legal theory Philosophy of law Social justice Human rights education SN: Curriculum subject. Used also for social justice education. UF: Social justice education BT: Humanities education Social science education RT: Antiracism education Antisexist education Black studies Citizenship education Human rights Humane education Moral education Peace studies Philosophy education Politics education Rights Values education Women's rights Women's studies Humane education SN: Curriculum subject. Teaching to develop reverence for, and kindness to, living creatures. BT: Humanities education RT: Animal rights Animals (teaching aids) Human rights education Laboratory animals Moral education Zoology education Humanism SN: A group of philosophies and ethical perspectives which emphasize the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers individual thought and evidence ... over established doctrine or faith. (Wikipedia, accessed August 2013). UF: Secularism BT: Belief Philosophical schools RT: Agnosticism Atheism Existentialism Human nature Philosophy of religion Rationalism Scepticism Humanistic education USE: Affective education Humanistic psychology SN: Approach which emphasises people as human beings, their self-awareness, development, and actualisation. BT: Psychological schools RT: Affective education Affective psychology Human nature Personality Self concept Self esteem Self perception Humanities SN: The humanities are academic disciplines that study human culture. The humanities include ancient and modern languages, literature, philosophy, religion, and visual and performing arts such as music and theatre. (Wikipedia, accessed May 2014) BT: [Humanities as a branch of learning] NT: Archaeology Arts and culture History Linguistics Literature Philosophy Religion and belief RT: Humanities education Humanities research Social sciences Humanities education SN: Curriculum subject. Includes primary school integrated humanities BT: [Subjects of instruction] NT: Archaeology education Classics education Cultural education History education Human rights education Humane education Integrated humanities studies Language studies Linguistics education Moral education Philosophy education Religious education Values education RT: General studies Humanities Humanities research Liberal arts colleges Social science education Humanities research SN: Used for fairly general works about the doing of humanities research. For works about research on a specific subject, the term for that subject and Research are used. For research methods in humanities, the appropriate discipline term and Research methods are used. BT: Research RT: Humanities Humanities education Social science research Sociology of research Humor USE: Humour Humor (literary) USE: Humour (literary) Humour UF: Humor Laughter BT: Emotion RT: Humour (literary) Humour (literary) UF: Humor (literary) BT: Literary forms and genres RT: Humour Popular literature Satire Hungarian language UF: Magyar BT: European languages RT: Hungary Hungary BT: Eastern Europe RT: Communist countries Hungarian language Hunger USE: Famine Hydraulic engineering UF: Water engineering BT: Engineering NT: Water supply RT: Civil engineering Floods Hydrology Hydrobiology BT: Biology Ecology NT: Marine biology RT: Fisheries Hydrology Hydrocephalus USE: Spina bifida Hydrology BT: Physical geography RT: Floods Geology Geomorphology Hydraulic engineering Hydrobiology Oceanography Water Water supply Hydrostatics USE: Mechanics Hygiene UF: Cleanliness Personal hygiene BT: Health RT: Hygiene (examination subject) Infectious diseases Primary health care Public health Sanitation Self care skills Slums Water treatment Hygiene (examination subject) BT: Examination papers RT: Hygiene Hyperactivity UF: Attention deficit disorders BT: Disorders RT: Attention Clumsy children Emotional and behavioural difficulties Hyperkinetic disorder USE: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Hypermedia SN: Computer-based systems and methods involving multi-dimensional linkages between elements of material and thus offering individual alternative navigational or information-seeking paths without the constraint of linear sequence. BT: Human computer interaction RT: Computer assisted learning Educational software Electronic publishing Individualised instruction Information sources Instructional design Learner centred methods Hypnosis UF: Hypnotherapy BT: Psychotherapy RT: Parapsychology Sleep Suggestion Unconscious Hypnotherapy USE: Hypnosis Iberian studies USE: Hispanic studies Ice hockey USE: Winter sports Iceland BT: Scandinavia Icelandic language BT: European languages Indo-European languages Icons (computers) USE: Graphical user interfaces Idealism SN: The group of philosophies which assert that reality, or reality as we can know it, is fundamentally mental, mentally constructed or otherwise immaterial ... As an ontological doctrine, idealism goes further, asserting that all entities are composed of mind or spirit. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). BT: Philosophical schools RT: Critical sociology Existentialism Materialism Metaphysics Phenomenology Rationalism Realism Identity (personal) USE: Self concept Ideology UF: Doctrine Dogma BT: Social concepts NT: Racism Sexism RT: Indoctrination Masculinity Pacifism Philosophical schools Philosophy Political theory Prejudice Sociology of religion Idioms BT: Language RT: Colloquial language Pragmatics IELTS test SN: An international standardised test of English language proficiency. It is jointly managed by University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations, the British Council and IDP Education Pty Ltd and was established in 1989. There are two versions of the IELTS: the Academic Version and the General Training Version. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). UF: International English Language Testing System test BT: Testing IEPs USE: Individual education plans Igbo studies SN: Learning and teaching all aspects of Igbo language, life and culture. BT: African studies Modern languages education RT: Nigeria Illegitimacy SN: Refers to the state of children born out of wedlock from the time when this was seen as a social problem. BT: Social problems RT: Marriage Unmarried couples Unmarried fathers Unmarried mothers Illiteracy BT: [Literacy, reading and writing] Social problems RT: Functional literacy Literacy Literacy education Literacy workers New literates Reading problems Illness SN: The state of being ill, viewed sociologically or psychologically. Used when the 'concept' of illness is the focus. UF: Sickness BT: Health RT: Disorders Hospitalised children Mental disorders Pathology Patients Sick children Sociology of medicine Illumination (lighting) USE: Lighting Illusions BT: Perception RT: Parapsychology Perceptual style Suggestion Illustration UF: Book illustration BT: Graphic arts RT: Commercial art Drawing Graphic design Painting Picture books Pictures Printing Imagery (cognitive process) USE: Symbolic processes Imagination UF: Fantasy Visualisation Visualization BT: Cognition RT: Creativity Curiosity Fantasy (literary) Human nature Intuition Symbolic processes Imitation SN: An advanced behaviour whereby an individual observes and replicates another's. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). BT: Behaviour Learning RT: Cheating Conformity Interpersonal influence Socialisation Immersion programmes SN: Method of teaching a second or foreign language in which the target language (or L2) is used as the means of instruction UF: Immersion programs BT: Teaching methods Immersion programs USE: Immersion programmes Immigrants SN: Foreign immigrants who are part of the settled population of a country. Contrast Migrant workers BT: Exceptional people RT: Community languages Ethnic groups Foreign workers Foreigners Immigration Migrant education Migrant workers Minority groups Multicultural education Multiracial communities Race relations Refugees Immigration BT: Migration RT: Cultural contact Cultural pluralism Emigration Foreigners Immigrants Nationality Race relations Immunisation UF: Immunization Vaccination BT: Preventive medicine RT: Contact tracing Epidemiology Immunology Infectious diseases Medical inspection Public health Tropical diseases Immunization USE: Immunisation Immunology BT: Biology RT: Epidemiology Immunisation Infectious diseases Microbiology Pathology Public health Impartiality UF: Evenhandedness Fair-mindedness BT: Moral concepts RT: Academic freedom Bias Equality Justice Maladministration Professional ethics Rationality Tolerance Imperialism BT: Political theory NT: Cultural imperialism Educational imperialism RT: Colonial policy Colonialism Developing countries Foreign relations Nationalism Occupied territories Right (political) Implicit learning SN: The non-conscious learning of cognitive tasks. For example, the ability to produce grammatically correct language without being able to state the rules of grammar. BT: Learning RT: Experiential learning Incidental learning Socialisation Implicit values (education) USE: Paracurriculum Implicit values (educational) USE: Paracurriculum Improvisation UF: Improvization BT: Arts and culture RT: Drama therapy Musical performance Psychology of art Role playing Improvised drama USE: Dramatic presentation Improvization USE: Improvisation In-service teacher education USE: Inservice teacher education In-service teacher education materials USE: INSET materials In-service training USE: Inservice training Incentives UF: Rewards BT: Economics Extrinsic motivation RT: Aspiration Behaviour modification Punishment Reinforcement Social exchange Incidental learning SN: Learning which goes on continously and incidentally for each individual, outside intentional education or learning situations, but including specific activities such as hobbies or television viewing as well as the normal stream of daily life. UF: Informal education Latent learning BT: Learning RT: Cultural participation Experiential learning Implicit learning Leisure activities Lifelong education Paracurriculum Socialisation Inclusion (education) USE: Inclusive education Inclusion (special educational needs) USE: Integration (mainstreaming) Inclusive education SN: Term used for a wider definition of educational inclusion, i.e. not just special needs but also inclusion of ethnic, minority, and religious groups for example. UF: Educational inclusion Inclusion (education) BT: Educational opportunity NT: Integration (mainstreaming) Income SN: Income of an individual person or organisation. Otherwise National income is used. BT: Finance RT: Auditing Capital Expenditure Financial administration Income distribution Income generation in education National income Standard of living Wages Wealth Income distribution SN: The way in which national income is divided among households in the economy (Penguin dictionary of economics) UF: Distribution theory (economics) Wealth distribution BT: Economic conditions RT: Economic analysis Economic theory Income National income Social stratification Standard of living Wealth Income generation in education SN: The income (and the process of obtaining it) generated over and above the funding provided by an institution's primary funding body or other external agency (contrast Financial support), for example from selling facilities membership or charging consultancy fees. BT: Educational finance RT: Contract funding in education Financial administration Financial support Income Income support USE: Social welfare Independence SN: Psychological, as in growing up. The state or quality of being independent. UF: Individuality (psychology) BT: Traits RT: Autonomy Courage Dependence Leadership Locus of control Nonconformity Parent and child Personality development Rejection Independence movements USE: Liberation movements Independent schools UF: Fee paying schools Private schools Public schools (British) BT: Schools NT: Hospital schools (endowed) Preparatory schools RT: Boarding schools Charity schools Grammar schools Grant maintained schools Private education Independent study USE: Individual study Independent study groups SN: Study groups carried out with a minimum or complete absence of external guidance UF: Discussion groups Self help learning groups BT: Study methods RT: Discussions Group work Peer tutoring Indexing USE: Document description Indexing journals USE: Bibliographies Indexing languages USE: Thesauri India BT: South Asia RT: Bahaism and education Bengali language Bengali studies Buddhism Commonwealth of Nations Gujarati language Gujarati studies Hindi language Hinduism Hindus Indians Indic languages Indic studies Punjabi language Punjabi studies Sikhism Tamil language Indians BT: Asians RT: Bengali language Hindi language Hinduism Hindus India Minority groups Punjabi language Punjabi studies Tamil language Urdu language Indic languages UF: Indo-Aryan languages BT: Indo-European languages NT: Bengali language Gujarati language Hindi language Punjabi language Urdu language RT: Asian studies Bangladesh India Indic studies Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka Indic languages education USE: Indic studies Indic studies UF: Indic languages education BT: Asian studies Modern languages education NT: Bengali studies Gujarati studies Punjabi studies Urdu studies RT: Bangladesh India Indic languages Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka Indicators BT: [Evaluation and assessment] NT: Performance indicators Socioeconomic indicators RT: Comparative analysis Statistical analysis Statistical data Typology Indigenous education USE: Traditional education Individual differences BT: Personality NT: Sex differences RT: Group differences Heredity Individual testing Nature nurture controversy Personal construct theory Self concept Individual education plans SN: Plans prepared by schools under the Code of Practice in respect of children having special educational needs, indicating their needs and the provision to be made for them UF: IEPs BT: Special educational needs RT: Integration (mainstreaming) Statements (special educational needs) Individual study UF: Independent study Private study BT: Study methods RT: Classwork Correspondence courses Distance education Flexible study Homework Individualised instruction Library work (study method) Resource based learning Study centres for distance learners Study periods Tutored video instruction Individual testing BT: Educational assessment RT: Group testing Individual differences Individualised instruction Individualised instruction UF: Individualised learning Individualized instruction Individualized learning Personalised learning Personalized learning BT: Teaching methods RT: Diagnostic teaching Flexible study Hypermedia Individual study Individual testing Learner centred methods Programmed instruction Tutored video instruction Tutoring Individualised learning USE: Individualised instruction Individualism SN: The moral stance, political philosophy, ideology or social outlook that stresses the moral worth of the individual. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). UF: Methodological individualism BT: Philosophical schools RT: Hermeneutics Holism Philosophy of social science Individuality (psychology) USE: Independence Individualized instruction USE: Individualised instruction Individualized learning USE: Individualised instruction Indo-Aryan languages USE: Indic languages Indo-European languages UF: Indo European languages BT: Languages NT: Afrikaans language Albanian language Breton language Bulgarian language Czech language Danish language Dutch language English language Finnish language Flemish language French language Gaelic language German language Greek language (classical) Greek language (modern) Icelandic language Indic languages Irish language Italian language Latin language Norwegian language Persian language Polish language Portuguese language Romanian language Russian language Serbocroatian language Slovak language Spanish language Swedish language Welsh language Yiddish language Indo European languages USE: Indo-European languages Indoctrination SN: Process of inculcating ideas, attitudes, cognitive strategies or a professional methodology. It is often distinguished from education by the fact that the indoctrinated person is expected not to question or critically examine the doctrine they have learned. As such the term may be used pejoratively, often in the context of education, political opinions, theology or religious dogma. The term is closely linked to socialisation; in common discourse, indoctrination is often associated with negative connotations, while socialisation refers to cultural or educational learning. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). UF: Brainwashing BT: Applied psychology Communication RT: Aims of education Attitude change Belief Citizenship education Educational theory Ideology Mass communication Moral education Paracurriculum Philosophy of education Propaganda Psychology of religion Public opinion Religious belief Religious doctrines Religious education Sociology of religion Indonesia BT: Southeast Asia RT: Islamic countries Malay language Indonesian SN: 'Indonesian' is sometimes used to mean 'the Malay language in Indonesia'. USE: Malay language Indoor games SN: Note that for outdoor games, Play or Sport are used. BT: Leisure activities NT: Badminton Computer games Table tennis RT: Educational games Play Puzzles Toys Induction (reasoning) USE: Reasoning Inductive phonics USE: Phonics Industrial archaeology SN: Study of the equipment and workings of industry of former times UF: Industrial archeology BT: Archaeology RT: Industrial development Industry Modern history Industrial archeology USE: Industrial archaeology Industrial conflict UF: Industrial disputes Lockouts Picketing Sitting in (workers) Strikes Withdrawal of labor Withdrawal of labour Working to rule BT: Industrial relations RT: Collective bargaining Conflict resolution Industrial psychology Industrial sociology Interpersonal conflict Trade unions Industrial democracy UF: Workers’ control Workers’ participation BT: Industrial relations NT: Democracy in education RT: Collective bargaining Cooperatives Democracy Industrial sociology Organisational behaviour Personnel management Trade unions Industrial design BT: Design RT: Computer aided design and manufacture Ergonomics Industrial production Productivity Industrial development UF: Industrialisation Industrialization BT: Economic and social development RT: Agricultural development Appropriate technology Conservation of nature Development aid Economic history Industrial archaeology Industrial sociology Land use Social change Technological change Technology transfer Urban development Urbanisation Industrial disputes USE: Industrial conflict Industrial production BT: Economic activity RT: Business economics Consumption Education with production Industrial design Industry Quality control Supply and demand Industrial psychology BT: Occupational psychology RT: Division of labour Economic psychology Ergonomics Industrial conflict Industrial relations Industrial sociology Industry Job satisfaction Management theory Organisational behaviour Personnel management Work study Working conditions Industrial relations UF: Labor relations Labour relations BT: [Labour and employment] Intergroup relations NT: Collective bargaining Industrial conflict Industrial democracy RT: Conditions of employment Employers Grievance procedures Industrial psychology Industrial sociology Labour Labour movement Labour policy Labour studies Organisational behaviour Personnel management Trade unions Working conditions Industrial research USE: Research and development Industrial safety and health USE: Occupational safety and health Industrial schools SN: SPECIFIC HISTORICAL CONCEPT. From 1857 in England industrial schools were set up as residential schools to reduce juvenile delinquency by taking in destitute children and giving vocational education. From 1876 non-residential schools of this type came into being too. UF: Factory schools BT: Schools Industrial sociology BT: Occupational sociology RT: Economic sociology Industrial conflict Industrial democracy Industrial development Industrial psychology Industrial relations Industry Technological change Trade unions Industrial studies SN: Industrial studies usually at school or other educational institution, as distinct from vocationally-oriented industrial training BT: Management and industry studies RT: Business studies Industry Industry and education Industry education liaison Labour studies Management studies Social studies Sociology education Technical education Urban studies Industrial training SN: Training for employees conducted by industrial organisations BT: Training RT: Apprenticeship Basic training Corporate education Education with production Industry Industry and education Inservice training Job training Labour studies Training and enterprise councils Training officers Workers' education Industrial training officers USE: Training officers Industrial tutors USE: Training officers Industrialisation USE: Industrial development Industrialization USE: Industrial development Industry UF: Business BT: Economic activity NT: Manufacturing industries Mining industry Service industries RT: Economics Industrial archaeology Industrial production Industrial psychology Industrial sociology Industrial studies Industrial training Industry and education SN: Relationship between educational and industrial organisations, or between the education system and industry as a whole BT: Cooperation in education NT: Industry education liaison RT: Business and education City technology colleges Corporate education Educational benefits Employment and education Human capital and education Industrial studies Industrial training NVQs Vocationalisation of education Industry education liaison SN: Deliberate programmes or activities aimed at formalising links between educational institutions and industrial firms and organisations. BT: Industry and education RT: Applied research Business education liaison Careers education Cooperation in education Cooperative education Education for working life Education with production Industrial studies NVQs Polytechnical education Sandwich courses Youth employment programmes Infant development SN: Approximately 0-2 years of age BT: Preschool development RT: Day nurseries Infants Perinatal risk Prenatal development Infant schools SN: Schools for children aged 5-7 years, before transfer to junior schools. Used for any aspect of education relating specifically to these schools, not just management or buildings. BT: Primary schools RT: First schools Junior schools Key stage 1 Nursery schools Playgroups Preschool education Young children Infants SN: Approximately 0-2 years of age UF: Babies Neonates Newborn infants BT: Preschool children NT: Premature infants RT: Breast feeding Day nurseries Infant development Nursery nursing Young children Infectious diseases BT: Diseases NT: AIDS Sexually transmitted diseases RT: Contact tracing Disasters Epidemiology Hygiene Immunisation Immunology Tropical diseases Inference USE: Reasoning Inferiority complex UF: Emotional inferiority BT: Traits RT: Dependence Depression Emotion Learned helplessness Locus of control Self esteem Shyness Superiority complex Infertility SN: Human infertility BT: Reproduction RT: Fertilisation Gynaecology Inflation SN: In economics, inflation is a sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. (Wikipedia, accessed May 2014) BT: Economic conditions RT: Cost of living Economic policy Socioeconomic indicators Standard of living Supply and demand Inflection USE: Morphology (linguistics) Informal economy UF: Black economy BT: Economics RT: Economic sociology Economic structure Home employment Housewives Occupational sociology Part time employment Unemployment Informal education USE: Incidental learning Information BT: [Research, information and theory] NT: Educational information Information handling Information literacy Information sources Information systems RT: Communication Dissemination of information Freedom of information Human information processing Information retrieval Information services (libraries) Knowledge Information and library personnel USE: Librarians Information and library profession USE: Librarians Information and library science USE: Library studies Information and library studies USE: Library studies Information handling SN: Information processing in documentation, information services, etc. A very broad term, Information handling includes the functions of receipt of information from collection sources, dissemination, transformation, indexing, categorization, storage, retrieval and presentation, automatic data processing, telecommunications, and teleprocessing related thereto. BT: Information NT: Dissemination of information Document description Information handling automation Information retrieval RT: Information systems Librarians Secretarial work Information handling automation BT: Computer applications Information handling NT: Online information processing Online information retrieval RT: Bibliographic databases Data processing Desktop publishing Library automation Spreadsheets Word processing Information literacy SN: The ability to know when there is a need for information, to be able to identify, locate, evaluate, and effectively use that information for the issue or problem at hand. (United States National Forum on Information Literacy quoted on Wikipedia, September 2013). UF: Information skills BT: Information NT: Digital literacy Information materials USE: Information sources Information officers USE: Librarians Information processing USE: Human information processing Information retrieval UF: Literature searching Reference work BT: Information handling NT: Online information retrieval RT: Information Information services (libraries) Information systems Information scatter USE: Bibliometrics Information services (libraries) SN: Used more from a management / institutional viewpoint - for the processes within them, Information retrieval is used. UF: Enquiry services Inquiry services Reference services BT: Library administration RT: Dissemination of information Educational support services Information Information retrieval Information systems Librarians Information skills USE: Information literacy Information sources SN: Used for guides to sources of information. UF: Information materials BT: Information RT: Bibliographies Guides Historical documents Hypermedia Library stock Nonfiction Reference materials Resource based learning Resource centres Information systems SN: Hardware and software that people and organisations use to collect, filter, process, create, and distribute data. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). BT: Information NT: Catalogues Databases Management information systems RT: Information handling Information retrieval Information services (libraries) Online systems Information technology SN: The application of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data ... The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). UF: IT BT: [Information and communication technology] NT: Computers Digital media Mobile technology Telecommunication Virtual reality RT: Blended learning Broadcasting Communication Communication media Computer assisted learning Computer education Computer mediated communication Computer networks (technical apsects) Core skills Data processing Desktop publishing Educational technology Electronic engineering Home employment Information technology education Library automation Microelectronics Office studies Online information processing Online systems Reliability engineering Spreadsheets Videotex Information technology education SN: Curriculum subject. UF: IT education BT: Technology education RT: Computer assisted learning Computer education Computer mediated communication Core skills Information technology Office studies Spreadsheets Word processing Information theory USE: Communication process Inhibitions BT: Behaviour RT: Conformity Conscience Irrationality Moral behaviour Norms Socialisation Unconscious Initial teacher training USE: Teacher education Initial teaching alphabet SN: A variant of the Latin alphabet, developed in the early 1960s as a practical, simplified writing system which could be used to teach English-speaking children to read. It has fallen into disuse. UF: ITA BT: Alphabets inkblot test USE: Rorschach test Innate behavior USE: Instinct Inner cities BT: Urban areas RT: Depressed areas Slums Urban education Urban planning Urban sociology Urbanisation Inner city education USE: Urban education Innovations BT: Change NT: Educational innovations RT: Appropriate technology Inventions Management of change Patents Reform Research and development Research effects Research results Innovativeness USE: Creativity Inorganic chemistry BT: Chemistry RT: Organic chemistry Input-output analysis SN: Used for works about this analysis, or similar techniques such as output measurement: also used for actual input-output analyses, if a term such as Performance seems inappropriate. UF: Input/output analysis BT: Research data NT: Educational input Educational output RT: Cost benefit analysis Economic analysis Management techniques Performance Performance indicators Input/output analysis USE: Input-output analysis Inquiry services USE: Information services (libraries) Inquisitiveness USE: Curiosity Inservice teacher education UF: In-service teacher education BT: Inservice training Teacher education RT: Articled teachers College school cooperation INSET materials Licensed teachers Management development Probation and induction Probationary teachers Professional tutors Teacher appraisal Teacher development Teachers' centres Teaching profession Inservice teacher education materials USE: INSET materials Inservice training UF: Further training In-service training Post experience training BT: Training NT: Inservice teacher education Management development RT: Apprenticeship Basic training Cooperative education Educational leave Industrial training Job training Refresher courses Retraining Sabbatical leave Sandwich courses Staff development Training officers Work based learning INSET materials SN: Form term. Instructional or learning materials at a professional level designed explicitly for use in inservice teacher education courses or activities, about any aspect of education or any other subject for which inservice teacher education is provided. UF: In-service teacher education materials Inservice teacher education materials BT: [Form terms] RT: Inservice teacher education Inspection SN: Used for works on the process of inspection (including the US concept of supervision) and inspecting bodies as organisations. For actual institutional-type inspectors reports, the term Inspectors' reports is used. UF: Education inspection Educational inspection BT: Evaluation of education RT: Accreditation Inspectors Inspectors' reports Lay inspectors Supervision Validation Inspectors UF: Education inspectors Educational inspectors BT: Educational personnel NT: Lay inspectors RT: Advisers Educational administrators Inspection Inspectors' reports Inspectors' reports SN: Form term. Used only for actual reports of inspections of individual institutions, or survey or inspections of one topic over a number of institutions - not for general contributions to educational debate, as about the national curriculum. BT: [Form terms] RT: Inspection Inspectors Instinct SN: Instinct or innate behaviour is the hypothetical inherent inclination of a living organism towards a particular complex behaviour. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). UF: Innate behavior BT: Behaviour RT: Animal behaviour Determinism Habit Intention Motivation Sociobiology Institutional repositories SN: An online locus for collecting, preserving, and disseminating - in digital form - the intellectual output of an institution, particularly a research institution. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). UF: Digital libraries BT: Libraries RT: Electronic libraries Institutional research SN: Institutional research is a broad category of work done at schools, colleges and universities to inform campus decision-making and planning in areas such as admissions, financial aid, curriculum, enrollment management, staffing, student life, finance, facilities, athletics, and alumni relations. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). BT: Research Institutionalisation UF: Institutionalization BT: Social behaviour RT: Conformity Detention Learned helplessness Locus of control Patients Prisoners Rehabilitation Residential care Social integration Institutionalization USE: Institutionalisation Instructional design SN: Design of instructional methods, systems or materials. BT: [Teaching and study] NT: Lesson planning RT: Competency based education Curriculum development Educational technology Hypermedia Instructional materials Instructional objectives Learning style Lessons Mastery learning Programmed instruction Sequential learning Syllabus construction Tasks (learning) Teaching styles Teaching systems Textbooks Instructional materials SN: Used for works about educational materials specifically designed to support or extend the act of teaching, covering the whole range of technologies from textbooks to audiovisual to computers. UF: Teaching aids Teaching materials BT: Bilingual materials Learning resources NT: Chalkboards Display boards Educational broadcasting Educational films Educational radio Educational technology Educational television Educational video Interactive whiteboards Programmed instruction Programmed materials Teaching machines Textbooks RT: Audio equipment Collections (teaching aids) Educational displays Educational publications Instructional design Media resources officers Resource centres Sound recordings Toys Visual materials Instructional objectives SN: Use of instructional objectives, either in a raw behavioural setting or in a more qualitative and interpretative situation. BT: [Teaching and study] RT: Aims of education Behavioural objectives Competency based education Educational technology Instructional design Lesson planning Mastery learning SATs Teaching methods Instrumental music UF: Chamber music Orchestral music BT: Music RT: Musical instruments Orchestras Insurance BT: Finance RT: Financial institutions Financial support Social security Insurrection USE: Revolution Integrated humanities studies SN: Curriculum subject. Used for integrated humanities at secondary level or above. At pre-secondary level Humanities education is used. BT: Humanities education Integrated studies RT: General studies Interdisciplinary curriculum Language across the curriculum Topic method Integrated science studies SN: Curriculum subject. Used for integrated science at secondary level or above. At pre-secondary level Science education is used. BT: Integrated studies Science education RT: Biology education Physical sciences education Science Integrated studies SN: Curriculum subject. BT: [Subjects of instruction] NT: Integrated humanities studies Integrated science studies RT: General studies Interdisciplinary curriculum Language across the curriculum Open education Topic method Integration (mainstreaming) SN: Integration of those with special educational needs into normal educational institutions. UF: Educational integration Inclusion (special educational needs) Mainstreaming BT: Grouping Inclusive education Special educational needs RT: Educational segregation Individual education plans Learning disabilities Learning support Mixed ability grouping Normalisation (education) Pupil placement Special educational needs coordinators Statements (special educational needs) Integration in education (desegregation) USE: Desegregation in education Intellectual development BT: Cognitive development RT: Concept formation Creative development Egocentrism Genetic epistemology Intelligence Language development Intellectual disciplines BT: General knowledge RT: Academic education Culture Curriculum Higher education Interdisciplinary curriculum Interdisciplinary research Intellectual property USE: Copyright Intellectuals UF: Intelligentsia BT: Social groups RT: Academic mobility Brain drain Communication personnel Cultural personnel Elites Minority groups Researchers Scientists Social scientists Writers Intelligence BT: Cognition NT: Emotional intelligence RT: Ability Ability grouping Aptitude Cognitive process instruction Creativity Educability Genetic psychology Gifted children Gifted people Human nature Intellectual development Problem solving Intelligentsia USE: Intellectuals Intensive teaching USE: Tutoring Intention BT: Philosophy of action RT: Aims Free will Hermeneutics Instinct Motivation Philosophy of mind Will Inter agency planning USE: Cooperative planning Interactional psychology SN: Human behaviour viewed as the product of interaction between biological (internal) and cultural (external) influences BT: Psychological schools RT: Continuity Cultural environment Ecological psychology Educational environment Genetic psychology Nature nurture controversy Social environment Interactive decision theory USE: Game theory Interactive video in education BT: Educational video RT: Audiovisual instruction Computer assisted learning Educational television Feedback (learning) Human computer interaction Programmed instruction Teaching machines Video recording Video recordings Interactive whiteboards UF: IWBs BT: Instructional materials Interagency cooperation USE: Agency cooperation Interagency planning USE: Cooperative planning Intercultural education USE: Multicultural education Interdisciplinary curriculum UF: Cross disciplinary curriculum Multi-disciplinary curriculum BT: Curriculum RT: Integrated humanities studies Integrated studies Intellectual disciplines Interdisciplinary research International studies Language across the curriculum Modular courses Open education Topic method Interdisciplinary research BT: Research RT: Applied research Intellectual disciplines Interdisciplinary curriculum Research and development Interest BT: Emotion RT: Attention Boredom Curiosity Intrinsic motivation Motivation in education Interest groups USE: Pressure groups Interference SN: Inhibition of learning due to earlier elements of learning or competing thoughts or memories BT: Learning NT: Interference (language) RT: Comprehension Generalisation Learning style Transfer Interference (language) SN: Inhibition of language acquisition due to interference by features of pronunciation, grammar or vocabulary carried over from one language or dialect to another, inappropriately BT: Interference Language development RT: Bilingualism Communicative competence Language variation Modern languages education Second language Intergroup relations BT: Social relationships NT: Grievance procedures Industrial relations Race relations RT: Cultural contact Group differences Groups International relations Social conflict Social groups Intermediate technology USE: Appropriate technology Intermediate treatment BT: Noncustodial punishment RT: Attendance centres Community home schools Community service Juvenile delinquency Probation Internal assessment UF: Mode III assessment BT: Educational assessment RT: Continuous assessment External examinations Internal examinations School based programmes Teacher participation Internal examinations SN: Examinations conducted by the same institution as that in which the teaching has been done BT: Examinations RT: External examinations Internal assessment Internal politics USE: Politics Internal security USE: Law enforcement International affairs USE: International relations International agreements USE: International instruments International Baccalaureate BT: Qualifications International conflict BT: International relations NT: War RT: Conflict resolution Defence Foreign relations International law Peace Peace making Political geography International cooperation BT: International relations RT: Agency cooperation Arms control Cooperation Cooperation in education Cooperative planning Cultural cooperation Development aid Development aid policy Disaster relief work Economic interdependence Educational transfer International economic systems International education International educational bodies International instruments International law International organisations International trade International understanding Multinational enterprises Peace Scientific cooperation International courts SN: International courts are formed by treaties between nations, or under the authority of an international organization such as the United Nations - this includes ad hoc tribunals and permanent institutions, but excludes any courts arising purely under national authority. (Wikipedia, accessed May 2014) BT: Administration of justice International law International organisations RT: International instruments International relations International declarations USE: International instruments International economic systems UF: Economic communities International economy BT: Comparative economics RT: Development aid Development aid policy Economic and social development Economic interdependence Finance Globalisation International cooperation International relations International trade International economy USE: International economic systems International education SN: International relations in the field of education. Not used for curriculum subject, for which International studies is used. BT: Education International relations NT: Transnational education RT: Academic mobility Comparative education Educational exchanges Educational interdependence Educational transfer International cooperation International educational bodies International examinations International schools International students International understanding International universities Joint study programmes Pupil mobility Student mobility Students abroad International education bodies USE: International educational bodies International educational bodies UF: International education bodies BT: [Educational organisations] International organisations RT: Comparative education Cooperation in education Educational aid Educational aid policy Educational interdependence Government educational bodies International cooperation International education International examinations International understanding International universities International English Language Testing System test USE: IELTS test International examinations BT: Examinations RT: Equivalences International education International educational bodies International schools International universities Qualifications International instruments SN: Used for instruments such as the European Convention on Human Rights, both for actual instruments and for works about them. UF: International agreements International declarations International protocols Treaties BT: International law RT: International cooperation International courts International relations International languages SN: Languages spoken internationally, either as a first or second language. UF: Global languages World languages BT: Modern languages NT: Esperanto RT: International relations International law BT: International relations Law NT: International courts International instruments RT: Conflict resolution Foreign relations International conflict International cooperation International organisations International organisations UF: International organizations BT: International relations Organisations NT: International courts International educational bodies RT: Development aid Development aid policy International cooperation International law International trade International understanding Multinational enterprises Peace International organizations USE: International organisations International politics USE: International relations International protocols USE: International instruments International relations UF: International affairs International politics BT: Political science NT: Arms control Commonwealth of Nations Communist countries Cosmopolitanism East Foreign relations Globalisation International conflict International cooperation International education International law International organisations International understanding Occupied territories Peace Peace making West RT: Defence Intergroup relations International courts International economic systems International instruments International languages Political geography International schools SN: May be used with name of country to signify diaspora of schools from that country to elsewhere. UF: Foreign schools Schools abroad BT: Schools RT: Foreign teachers International education International examinations International students International understanding International universities Students abroad Teaching abroad International standards BT: Standards RT: Standardisation Standards (specifications) International students SN: Students not native to a particular country. Used with country name to signify students coming to study there. UF: Foreign students Overseas students BT: Foreigners Students RT: Educational exchanges Foreign teachers Foreign workers International education International schools Joint study programmes Student mobility Students abroad Study abroad Tutorial colleges International studies SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Social science education NT: Antiracism education Area studies Black studies Commonwealth studies Comparative education studies Development studies Islamic studies Jewish studies Peace studies RT: Interdisciplinary curriculum Military studies Modern languages education Policy studies Politics education International surveys USE: Comparative studies International trade UF: Foreign trade BT: Trade RT: Comparative economics Development aid Development aid policy Economic interdependence Foreign relations Globalisation International cooperation International economic systems International organisations Multinational enterprises International understanding SN: Used for global works or with a regional descriptor. For works on the relations of individual countries, Foreign relations with appropriate country term/s are used. BT: International relations Social relationships RT: Cultural contact Foreign relations International cooperation International education International educational bodies International organisations International schools International universities Peace International universities BT: Universities RT: Educational transfer International education International educational bodies International examinations International schools International understanding Internet SN: The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks. Not used for the technical aspects of the Internet instead, 'Computer networks (technical aspects)' is used. Also used to cover the World Wide Web (though they are not the same thing). Often used in the context of online learning and teaching. UF: The Internet The Web W3 World Wide Web WWW BT: Mass communication Telecommunication NT: Social media RT: Teleconferencing Internet forums USE: Social media Internet teleconference USE: Teleconferencing Internet teleconferencing USE: Teleconferencing Interpersonal attraction UF: Affinity (interpersonal) Attraction (interpersonal) Rapport BT: Interpersonal relations NT: Love RT: Attachment Empathy Interpersonal influence Romance fiction Sexuality Sociability Sociometry Interpersonal communication BT: Communication process Interpersonal relations RT: Classroom interaction Communication psychology Communication skills Communicative competence Computer mediated communication Conversation Email Group communication Interpreting Letter writing Lipreading Listening Nonverbal communication Pragmatics Social interaction Speech Speech acts Telephone Interpersonal conflict BT: Interpersonal relations RT: Aggression Conflict resolution Cruelty Domestic violence Grievance procedures Hate Industrial conflict Mental cruelty Social conflict Interpersonal contact USE: Social interaction Interpersonal influence BT: Interpersonal relations RT: Assertiveness Attachment Attitude change Conformity Dependence Empathy Expectations Imitation Interpersonal attraction Peer groups Persuasion Social exchange Social influence Subcultures Interpersonal perception USE: Social perception Interpersonal relations SN: Relatively enduring. For interpersonal interaction, Social interaction is used. UF: Human relations Personal relations BT: Social psychology NT: Family relations Friendship Interpersonal attraction Interpersonal communication Interpersonal conflict Interpersonal influence RT: Empathy Ethnography Organisational behaviour Psychosocial development Role Sensitivity training Social exchange Sociometry Interpreters BT: Communication personnel RT: Interpreting Translation Interpreting BT: Language RT: Bilingualism Communication skills Foreign languages Interpersonal communication Interpreters Languages for specific purposes Multilingualism Translation Intervention SN: Use of remedial or redirecting influences in child development and education and related areas. BT: Social action NT: Learning support RT: Behaviour modification Child psychotherapy Child welfare Counselling Diagnostic teaching Rehabilitation Interviews (recruitment) SN: Interviews and interview technique as part of the recruitment process (either for employees or for students). For interviewing as a research method, Interviews (research method) is used. BT: Recruitment RT: Employment services Job hunting Selection Interviews (research method) SN: Interviews and interview technique as a research method. For interviews as an aid to recruitment of employees or students, Interviews (recruitment) is used. UF: Focus groups BT: Fieldwork RT: Questionnaires Surveys Intolerance USE: Prejudice Intrinsic motivation SN: Motivation to engage in an activity for its own sake BT: Motivation RT: Achievement motivation Curiosity Extrinsic motivation Interest Motivation in education Intuition SN: Knowing or understanding without conscious use of reasoning BT: Cognition RT: Cognitive style Comprehension Creativity Imagination Learning style Thinking Inventions BT: Technological change Technology RT: Automation Creativity Innovations Patents Research and development Research effects Research results Investment BT: Finance RT: Capital Financial institutions Human capital Ionizing radiation USE: Radioactivity Iran UF: Persia BT: Middle East RT: Bahaism and education Islamic countries Persian language Persian studies Iraq UF: Mesopotamia BT: Middle East RT: Arab countries Assyrian civilisation Islamic countries Ireland SN: Used for the Republic of Ireland, and also for works on Ireland as a whole. UF: Eire Ireland (Republic) BT: Western Europe RT: Great Britain Irish language Irish people Irish studies Northern Ireland Ireland (Republic) USE: Ireland Irish Gaelic USE: Irish language Irish language UF: Irish Gaelic BT: European languages Indo-European languages RT: Celtic studies Ireland Irish people Irish studies Irish people BT: Ethnic groups RT: Ireland Irish language Irish studies Minority groups Northern Ireland Irish studies SN: Learning or teaching all aspects of Irish language, life or culture. BT: Celtic studies Modern languages education RT: Ireland Irish language Irish people Northern Ireland Irony USE: Figurative language Irrationality SN: Wishful thinking in belief formation or practical deliberation and action BT: Cognition RT: Belief Cognitive disorders Cognitive dissonance Defence mechanisms Inhibitions Personal conflict Philosophy of action Rationality Irrigation USE: Water supply Islam BT: Modern religions RT: Arab countries Asians Islam and education Islamic countries Islamic schools Islamic studies Middle East Middle Eastern studies Muslims Sufism Islam and education BT: Religion and education RT: Arab countries Arabic studies Asia Islam Islamic countries Islamic schools Middle East Muslims North Africa Southeast Asia Islamic countries SN: In a geopolitical sense, Muslim-majority countries or states. Also a religious and/or cultural grouping BT: [Geographical locations] RT: Afghanistan Albania Algeria Arab countries Arabic language Arabic studies Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Brunei Burkina Faso Chad Comoros Djibouti Egypt Guinea Guinea-Bissau Indonesia Iran Iraq Islam Islam and education Islamic schools Islamic studies Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lebanon Libya Malaysia Mali Mauritania Morocco Muslims Niger Oman Palestine Palestinians Qatar Saudi Arabia Senegal Somalia Sudan Syria Tajikistan Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Western Sahara Yemen Yemen (Arab Republic) Yemen (People's Democratic Republic) Islamic schools BT: Religious schools RT: Arabic studies Islam Islam and education Islamic countries Muslims Islamic studies SN: Curriculum subject: study of any aspect of Islamic countries, religion, life and culture BT: International studies RT: African studies Area studies Asian studies Islam Islamic countries Middle Eastern studies Muslims Islands BT: [Geographical locations] RT: American Samoa Bahamas Bermuda Cape Verde Cayman Islands Christmas Island Cocos Islands Cook Islands Dominica Falkland Islands Fiji French Polynesia Gilbert and Ellice Islands Grenada Jamaica Kiribati Leeward Islands Madagascar Maldives Malta Mauritius Mayotte Melanesia Micronesia Micronesia (Federated States) Nauru Netherlands Antilles New Caledonia Niue Norfolk Island Northern Mariana Islands Oceanography Pacific Palau Pitcairn Islands Polynesia Puerto Rico Reunion Saint Helena Saint Kitts-Nevis Saint Pierre and Miquelon Samoa São Tome and Principe Seychelles Small states Solomon Islands Timor-Leste Tokelau Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Trust Territory of the Pacific Turks and Caicos Islands Tuvalu Vanuatu Wallis and Futuna Islands Windward Islands Zanzibar Isolated children SN: Children who live in geographically isolated and sparsely populated areas and for whom extra-ordinary educational arrangments are normally necessary BT: Children RT: Boarding schools Rural areas Rural education Rural sociology School mapping School transport Israel BT: Mediterranean countries Middle East RT: Hebrew language Israelis Jewish schools Jewish studies Jews Judaism and education Palestinians Israelis BT: Ethnic groups RT: Israel Jews Judaism Palestinians IT USE: Information technology IT education USE: Information technology education ITA USE: Initial teaching alphabet Italian Americans BT: Ethnic groups RT: Italian language Italian studies Italians Italy Minority groups United States Italian language BT: European languages Indo-European languages RT: Italian Americans Italian studies Italians Italy Italian studies SN: Used for the learning and teaching of all aspects of Italian language, life and culture. BT: European studies Modern languages education RT: Italian Americans Italian language Italians Italy Italians BT: Ethnic groups RT: Italian Americans Italian language Italian studies Italy Italy BT: Mediterranean countries Western Europe RT: Classical civilisation Etruscan civilisation Italian Americans Italian language Italian studies Italians Roman civilisation Item analysis SN: Analysis of test items to determine difficulty, reliability, validity, etc. UF: Question analysis BT: Educational assessment RT: Content analysis Data analysis Item banking Tasks (learning) Test analysis Test items Item banking SN: Pooling of test items with appropriate indexing and classification to enable them to be retrieved for construction of tests to user's demands. UF: Question banking BT: Educational assessment RT: Databases Educational records Examination papers Item analysis Test items Itinerant teachers USE: Visiting teachers Itinerant workers BT: Workers RT: Gypsies Migrant workers Migration Nomads Travellers' education Travellers (itinerants) Ivory Coast UF: Côte d'Ivoire BT: West Africa RT: French speaking Africa IWBs USE: Interactive whiteboards Jails USE: Prisons Jamaica BT: West Indies RT: Commonwealth of Nations Islands Japan BT: East Asia RT: Buddhism Japanese language Japanese people Japanese studies Zen Japanese language BT: East Asian languages RT: Japan Japanese people Japanese studies Japanese people BT: Ethnic groups RT: Japan Japanese language Japanese studies Japanese studies SN: Learning and teaching of all aspects of Japanese language, life and culture. BT: Asian studies Modern languages education RT: Japan Japanese language Japanese people Jazz UF: Blues BT: Music RT: Folk music Pop music Jealousy UF: Envy BT: Emotion RT: Anger Anxiety Hate Jewish religion USE: Judaism Jewish schools BT: Religious schools RT: Israel Jews Judaism Judaism and education Jewish studies SN: Curriculum subject: study of any aspect of Jewish countries or communities, religion, life or culture, including the Hebrew and Yiddish languages UF: Hebrew studies Yiddish studies BT: International studies Modern languages education RT: Antisemitism Hebrew language Holocaust Israel Jews Judaism Middle Eastern studies Yiddish language Jews BT: Ethnic groups RT: Antisemitism Hebrew language Holocaust Israel Israelis Jewish schools Jewish studies Judaism Judaism and education Minority groups jikjiuj Job centers USE: Employment services Job centres USE: Employment services Job creation programmes USE: Employment programmes Job creation programs USE: Employment programmes Job evaluation BT: Employment RT: Collective bargaining Occupational requirements Recruitment Work study Job expectation BT: Employment Expectations RT: Aspiration Career choice Careers education Employment and education Employment services Job hunting Job satisfaction Occupational requirements Occupations Vocational guidance Job hunting BT: Employment RT: Career choice Careers education Employment services Interviews (recruitment) Job expectation Recruitment Vocational guidance Youth employment services Job requirements USE: Occupational requirements Job satisfaction BT: Employment Satisfaction RT: Career break Career change Career choice Career development Industrial psychology Job expectation Occupational psychology Occupational sociology Occupations Working conditions Job sharing BT: Part time employment RT: Division of labour Unemployment Job training SN: Training on the job, or training focused specifically on the means of carrying out an individual job, rather than more broadly concerned with the profession, trade or practice which the job exemplifies. BT: Employment Training RT: Apprenticeship Basic training Cooperative education Education with production Employment programmes Industrial training Inservice training Practical training Retraining Training officers Workers' education Youth employment programmes Jobs USE: Employment Joint study programmes SN: Programmes organised by two or more higher education institutions from different countries (specifically, EU member states) which co-operate in student exchange, supported and facilitated by the institutions concerned UF: Joint study programs BT: Courses Student mobility RT: Educational credits Educational exchanges Equivalences International education International students Modular courses Students abroad Joint study programs USE: Joint study programmes Jordan UF: Transjordan BT: Middle East RT: Arab countries Islamic countries Palestinians Journalism BT: Mass media RT: Broadcasting Broadcasting personnel Communication personnel Creative writing Documentary films Literary composition News films News media Newspapers Press Privacy Radio Writers Writing Journeys (teaching method) USE: Educational visits Joy USE: Happiness Judaism UF: Jewish religion BT: Modern religions RT: Antisemitism Christianity Holocaust Israelis Jewish schools Jewish studies Jews Judaism and education Judaism and education BT: Religion and education RT: Israel Jewish schools Jews Judaism Judgement USE: Judgment Judgment SN: Psychological: deliberate comparison or appraisal of objects or events in order to perceive their relationship, value etc. UF: Judgement BT: Cognition NT: Value judgment RT: Choice Cognitive dissonance Decision Human information processing Procedural knowledge Reasoning Reflective practice Risk taking Judo USE: Combative sports Jungian psychology USE: Analytical psychology Junior Certificate BT: Qualifications Junior colleges SN: US colleges providing (typically) two year courses for high school graduates who have completed (typically) 12 grades in school. BT: Secondary schools RT: Community colleges County colleges Sixteen to nineteen education Sixth form colleges Technical colleges Tertiary colleges Upper secondary education Junior instruction centers USE: Junior instruction centres Junior instruction centres SN: SPECIFIC HISTORICAL CONCEPT. Vocational colleges set up as part of a 1930s government initiative for depressed areas. UF: Junior instruction centers BT: Vocational colleges Junior Local Examination BT: Qualifications Junior schools SN: Primary schools for children aged 7-11, in the infant-junior-secondary progression (as distinct from the first-middle-secondary system). Used for any aspect of education relating specifically to these schools, not just management or buildings. BT: Primary schools RT: First schools Infant schools Key stage 2 Middle schools Middle years education Older children Primary education Jurisprudence USE: Legal theory Justice BT: Moral concepts NT: Social justice RT: Administration of justice Civil and political rights Equality Freedom Impartiality Law Law enforcement Legal theory Maladministration Philosophy of law Rights Juvenile courts UF: Children's hearings Youth courts BT: Administration of justice RT: Adopted children Adoption Child custody Child welfare Children in care Family law Foster children Juvenile delinquency BT: Delinquency RT: Antisocial behaviour Attendance centres Bullying Community home schools Detention centres Disruptive behaviour Intermediate treatment Kampuchea USE: Cambodia Kazakhstan BT: Central Asia RT: Former Soviet republics Islamic countries Soviet Union Kenya BT: East Africa RT: Commonwealth of Nations English speaking Africa Swahili-speaking peoples Swahili language Key stage 1 SN: Lowest stage of the national curriculum (England and Wales), to be followed by pupils in school years 1-2 (aged 6-7 at end of the respective years). Used with Early childhood education, as a term for the level of education concerned. If work deals with key stages 1 and 2 (taken together), however, Primary education is used as a level term. BT: National curriculum RT: Early childhood education Educational progress First schools Infant schools Young children Key stage 2 SN: Second stage of the national curriculum (England and Wales), to be followed by pupils in school years 3-6 (aged 8-11 at end of the respective years). Used with Middle years education as a term for the level of education concerned. If work deals with key stages 1 and 2 (taken together), however, Primary education is used as a level term. BT: National curriculum RT: Educational progress Junior schools Middle schools Middle years education Older children Key stage 3 SN: Third stage of the national curriculum (England and Wales), to be followed by pupils in school years 7-9 (aged 12-14 at end of the respective years). Used with Lower secondary education as a term for the level of education concerned. If work deals with key stages 3 and 4 (taken together), however, Secondary education is used as a level term. BT: National curriculum RT: Adolescents Educational progress Lower secondary education Key stage 4 SN: Fourth stage of the national curriculum (England and Wales), to be followed by pupils in school years 10-11 (aged 15-16 at end of the respective years). Used with Middle secondary education, as a term for the level of education concerned. If work deals with key stages 3 and 4 (taken together), however, Secondary education is used as a level term. BT: National curriculum RT: Educational progress GCSE Middle secondary education School leavers Keyboard instruments SN: Musical instruments incorporating a keyboard BT: Musical instruments RT: Electronic music Kinaesthetic perception USE: Somaesthetic perception Kindergartens USE: Nursery schools Kinesthetic perception USE: Somaesthetic perception Kinship USE: Families Kirgizia USE: Kyrgyzstan Kiribati BT: Micronesia RT: Commonwealth of Nations Gilbert and Ellice Islands Islands Small states Knowledge BT: Cognition NT: Procedural knowledge RT: Belief Comprehension Conceptualisation Epistemology Experience Explanation Genetic epistemology Information Sociology of knowledge Truth Typology Knowledge based systems USE: Artificial intelligence Knowledge management SN: Knowledge management is the process of constructively using the information and knowledge that is inherent to any organisation (school, university or multinational company) in order to enhance its performance, its management and its operation. BT: Management Korea SN: Korea pre-1948. Also South Korea and North Korea collectively, post-1948 BT: East Asia RT: Buddhism Korea (North) Korea (South) Korean language Korea (North) UF: Democratic People's Republic of Korea North Korea People's Democratic Republic of Korea BT: East Asia RT: Communist countries Korea Korea (South) Korean language Korea (South) UF: Republic of Korea South Korea BT: East Asia RT: Buddhism Korea Korea (North) Korean language Korean language BT: East Asian languages RT: Korea Korea (North) Korea (South) Kosovo (Serbia) BT: Eastern Europe RT: Yugoslavia Kuhlmann-Binet test USE: Kuhlmann Binet test Kuhlmann Binet test UF: Kuhlmann-Binet test BT: Testing Kuwait BT: Middle East RT: Arab countries Islamic countries Kyrgyzstan UF: Kirgizia BT: Central Asia RT: Former Soviet republics Islamic countries Soviet Union L1 USE: Mother tongue L2 USE: Second language Labeling (stereotyping) USE: Stereotyping Labelling (stereotyping) USE: Stereotyping Labor USE: Labour Labor exchanges USE: Employment services Labor force USE: Human capital Labor market USE: Labour market Labor movement USE: Labour movement Labor policy USE: Labour policy Labor relations USE: Industrial relations Labor shortages USE: Labour shortages Labor studies USE: Labour studies Laboratories BT: Educational facilities NT: Language laboratories RT: Educational buildings Equipment Experiments (lessons) Laboratory animals Laboratory equipment Laboratory staff Practical studies Research centres Scientific equipment Scientific research Laboratory animals BT: Animals RT: Animal behaviour Animal rights Animals (teaching aids) Humane education Laboratories Laboratory equipment Medical research Laboratory equipment BT: Equipment RT: Demonstrations (lessons) Electrical equipment Experiments (lessons) Laboratories Laboratory animals Laboratory staff Medical equipment Laboratory staff BT: Scientific personnel RT: Administrative staff Laboratories Laboratory equipment Maintenance staff Teaching assistants Technicians Laborers USE: Manual workers Labour UF: Labor Work BT: [Labour and employment] NT: Child labour Division of labour Housework Human capital Labour market RT: Capital Economic structure Employment Industrial relations Labour movement Labour policy Labour studies Voluntary work Labour exchanges USE: Employment services Labour force USE: Human capital Labour market UF: Labor market BT: Labour NT: Labour shortages Teacher supply RT: Employers Human capital Human capital planning Labour policy Occupational requirements Occupational sociology Recruitment Supply and demand Unemployment Labour movement UF: Labor movement BT: Social movements NT: Trade unions RT: Industrial relations Labour Left (political) Political development Political parties Radicalism Socialism Workers Working class Labour policy UF: Labor policy BT: Government policy RT: Economic and social development Economic policy Educational policy Employment programmes Human capital planning Industrial relations Labour Labour market Labour shortages Social policy Labour relations USE: Industrial relations Labour shortages UF: Labor shortages BT: Labour market RT: Brain drain Human capital planning Labour policy Occupational requirements Occupational sociology Recruitment Teacher supply Labour studies SN: Curriculum subject UF: Labor studies BT: Management and industry studies NT: Trade union studies RT: Business studies Employment Employment and education Industrial relations Industrial studies Industrial training Labour Management studies Personnel management Workers' education Labourers USE: Manual workers Land economics BT: Economics RT: Agricultural development Agriculture Capital Economic geography Economic structure Environmental management Land use Property Rural development Land use BT: Economic activity Environmental management RT: Agriculture Conservation of nature Economic geography Environmental planning Forestry Industrial development Land economics Natural resources Space utilisation Surveying Urban development Landscape protection USE: Conservation of nature Language BT: [Language and language development] NT: Bilingualism Figurative language Idioms Interpreting Language acquisition Language and education Language development Lipreading Listening Mother tongue Multilingualism Reading Second language Speech Spoken language Terminology Translation Usage Vocabulary Writing Written language RT: Linguistics Language (linguistics) USE: Linguistics Language ability USE: Child literacy Language acquisition SN: The process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate ... Language acquisition usually refers to first-language acquisition, which studies infants' acquisition of their native language. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). BT: Language Linguistics RT: Language and education Language development Language difficulties Transformational grammar Language across the curriculum SN: Language viewed as the means by which learning occurs, hence its use is equally important for all curriculum subjects BT: Language and education RT: English studies Integrated humanities studies Integrated studies Interdisciplinary curriculum Language of instruction Language studies Mother tongue education Language and education SN: Way in which language affects the educational process and the pupils’ learning BT: Language NT: Bilingual education Language across the curriculum Language of instruction Limited English speakers Oracy Phonics RT: Bilingual pupils Child literacy Conversation education Educational psychology Language acquisition Language development Language difficulties Language studies Linguistics Mother tongue education Psycholinguistics Speech education Verbal learning Language awareness SN: Education about language, especially at school or further education level UF: Awareness of language BT: Language studies RT: English studies Linguistics Modern languages education Mother tongue education Psycholinguistics Language behavior USE: Language behaviour Language behaviour SN: Behaviourist approaches to language UF: Language behavior Verbal behavior Verbal behaviour BT: Behaviour Psycholinguistics Social behaviour RT: Language development Sociolinguistics Speech acts Verbal learning Language colleges SN: Specialist secondary schools, developed during mid-1990s (UK), in which emphasis is placed on modern foreign languages. A development of the City technology colleges programme. BT: Secondary schools RT: City technology colleges Comprehensive schools Cooperation in education Foreign languages Grammar schools Magnet schools Modern languages education Technical schools Technology colleges Vocationalisation of education Language development SN: In the psychological development sense. (When applied to a particular age group, used with age group term, e.g. Preschool children, not with developmental term, e.g. Preschool development, unless the general development at that stage of life is also being discussed). UF: Child language BT: Developmental psychology Language NT: Child literacy Interference (language) RT: Bilingualism Cognitive development Communicative competence Concept formation Intellectual development Language acquisition Language and education Language behaviour Language difficulties Language studies Mother tongue Mother tongue education Multilingualism Language difficulties UF: Aphasia Speech disorders Stammering Stuttering BT: Communication difficulties Disorders RT: Autism Cognitive disorders Deafness Hearing impairment Language acquisition Language and education Language development Language studies Learning difficulties Learning disabilities Low achievement Mild learning difficulties Multiple disabilities Multiple learning difficulties Neurolinguistics Neurology Partial hearing Perceptual motor disorders Psycholinguistics Reading problems Speech Speech education Speech therapy Language education USE: Language studies Language laboratories BT: Laboratories RT: Audio equipment Audiovisual instruction Computer assisted learning Direct method (teaching) Language studies Modern languages education Sound recording Teaching machines Language of instruction BT: Language and education RT: Bilingual education Bilingual materials Bilingual pupils English studies ESOL education Language across the curriculum Language policy Language studies Mother tongue education Supplementary education Language policy BT: Government policy RT: Bilingualism Community languages Community languages education Cultural policy Educational policy Language of instruction Mother tongue Multilingualism Social policy Sociolinguistics Vernacular languages Language studies SN: Curriculum subject. Used for works dealing with language education in general, mother tongue and foreign. Not used just for English language education. UF: Language education BT: Humanities education NT: Conversation education English studies Grammar education Handwriting education Language awareness Listening education Literacy education Modern languages education Mother tongue education Reading education Speech education Spelling education Vocabulary education Writing education RT: Applied linguistics Bilingual education Bilingual materials Bilingual pupils Child literacy Communicative competence Direct method (teaching) Language across the curriculum Language and education Language development Language difficulties Language laboratories Language of instruction Languages Linguistics Literacy Literature education Oracy Psycholinguistics Set books Language testing USE: Testing Language tests USE: Testing Language variation SN: Study of language change and variation BT: Contrastive linguistics NT: Colloquial language RT: Etymology Interference (language) Languages Mother tongue Psycholinguistics Second language Sociolinguistics Languages BT: [Languages and language groups] NT: Austronesian and Oceanic languages Computer languages Foreign languages Indo-European languages Modern languages Premodern languages Sign language Symbolic languages RT: Language studies Language variation Linguistics Languages for specific purposes SN: Use of modern foreign languages in specific contexts, such as business or technical BT: Modern languages RT: Bilingualism Communicative competence English for specific purposes Foreign languages Interpreting Languages for specific purposes education Multilingualism Translation Languages for specific purposes education BT: Modern languages education RT: Communicative competence English for specific purposes education Languages for specific purposes Laos BT: Southeast Asia RT: Buddhism Communist countries Laptop computers USE: Mobile technology Late modern history BT: Modern history Latent learning USE: Incidental learning Lateral dominance SN: Marked preference for use of muscles and limbs on one side of the body. UF: Handedness Laterality Sidedness BT: Neuropsychology RT: Brain Brain hemisphere functions Neurology Perceptual motor processes Laterality USE: Lateral dominance Latin (examination subject) BT: Classical languages (examination subject) Latin America SN: Latin America is a region of the Americas where romance languages (i.e. those derived from Latin) - always including Spanish and Portuguese, and sometimes including French - are primarily spoken. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). Broadly speaking it covers Mexico. most of Central and South America, and the Spanish speaking countries of the Caribbean (Cuba, Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico). BT: Americas RT: Amerindian languages Argentina Belize Bolivia Brazil Central America Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador French Guiana Guatemala Guyana Haiti Hispanic studies Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Portuguese language Puerto Rico South America Spanish language Suriname Uruguay Venezuela Latin American studies BT: Hispanic studies RT: Amerindian languages North American studies Portuguese language Spanish language Latin education USE: Classics education Latin language BT: Indo-European languages Premodern languages RT: Classical civilisation Classics education Greek language (classical) Roman civilisation Latvia BT: Baltic states RT: Former Soviet republics Soviet Union Laughter USE: Humour Law UF: Legal sciences Legislation BT: Social sciences NT: Administration of justice Administrative law Conditions of employment Constitutional law Contracts Criminology Family law International law Law enforcement Law of education Legal profession Legal theory Philosophy of law Property Sociology of law RT: Crime Justice Legal education Punishment Law enforcement UF: Internal security Public order BT: Law NT: Police RT: Administration of justice Crime Crime prevention Criminology Justice Legal theory Public administration Sociology of law State security Law of education SN: Used for general works, compilations or general acts: otherwise, the appropriate term is used with Law. UF: Education legislation Educational legislation BT: Education Law RT: Administration of education Lawyers UF: Advocates Barristers Notaries Solicitors BT: Legal profession RT: Legal education Lay inspectors SN: People from outside the education profession who participate in the process of inspection BT: Inspectors RT: Inspection Leadership BT: Social relationships NT: Political leadership RT: Accountability Authoritarianism Authority Autonomy Group dynamics Independence Locus of control Management Management theory Power Responsibility Teamwork League tables SN: Tables which give a ranked listing of educational or other institutions in terms of their performance or the achievement of their students. BT: Evaluation of education RT: Performance Performance indicators Quality of education Rating Value added analysis Learned helplessness SN: Learned expectation that one's actions do not bring rewards, on account of exposure to uncontrollable events or to repeated punishment or unpleasant experiences, and consequent perception that one cannot control events UF: Helplessness (learned) BT: Emotion RT: Attribution Coercion Dependence Depression Disasters Expectations Inferiority complex Institutionalisation Learned societies BT: Associations RT: Academies of science Educational associations Professional associations Scientific institutions Voluntary organisations Learner centered curriculum USE: Learner centred curriculum Learner centered methods USE: Learner centred methods Learner centred curriculum SN: Curriculum in which the content is largely determined by the needs and wishes of the learner UF: Learner centered curriculum Pupil centered curriculum Pupil centred curriculum Student centered curriculum Student centred curriculum BT: Curriculum RT: Child centred education Curriculum relevance Enrichment (curriculum) Learner centred methods Modular courses Open education Optional curriculum Subject choice Learner centred methods UF: Learner centered methods Pupil centered methods Pupil centred methods Student centered methods Student centred methods BT: Teaching methods RT: Activity methods Child centred education Flexible study Heuristic method Hypermedia Individualised instruction Learner centred curriculum Montessori system Resource based learning Learning BT: Cognition Educational psychology NT: Associative learning Comprehension Concept learning Discrimination learning Experiential learning Feedback (learning) Generalisation Imitation Implicit learning Incidental learning Interference Learning style Mastery learning Multisensory learning Perceptual motor learning Prior learning Resource based learning Rote learning Sequential learning Serial learning Structural learning Symbolic learning Tasks (learning) Transfer Verbal learning Visual learning Visual literacy RT: Learning support Memory Readiness Teaching Learning difficulties SN: Intellectual and cognitive. BT: Psychopathology Special educational needs NT: Learning disabilities Mild learning difficulties Moderate learning difficulties Multiple learning difficulties Severe learning difficulties RT: Cognitive disorders Communication difficulties Emotional and behavioural difficulties Language difficulties Learning disabilities SN: Learners of average or above-average ability who have specific difficulties in particular areas. UF: Brain injured Learning problems (specific) MBD Minimal brain dysfunction Neurodevelopmental disorders Specific learning difficulties SPLD BT: Learning difficulties NT: Dyscalculia Dysgraphia Dyslexia RT: Clumsy children Communication difficulties Compensatory education Educability Failure Integration (mainstreaming) Language difficulties Mild learning difficulties Reading problems Learning environment USE: Educational environment Learning motivation USE: Motivation in education Learning potential USE: Educability Learning problems (specific) USE: Learning disabilities Learning readiness USE: Readiness Learning resource centers USE: Resource centres Learning resource centres USE: Resource centres Learning resources SN: Usage, in a learning or teaching context, of any materials or phenomena which can be used as resources to supplement the learning process but have not necessarily been produced as instructional materials. BT: [Teaching and study] NT: Animals (teaching aids) Audiovisual materials Bilingual materials Books Children's literature Collections (teaching aids) Educational resources Educational visits Instructional materials Museums Plants (teaching aids) Primary documents Quotations Realia (teaching aids) Specimens (teaching aids) RT: Audiovisual instruction Educational displays Library work (study method) Media resources officers Museums and education Resource based learning Resource centres Sound recordings Toys Learning style BT: Learning RT: Aptitude Cognitive process instruction Cognitive style Comprehension Curiosity Diagnostic teaching Educability Instructional design Interference Intuition Readiness Resource based learning Spiral curriculum Tasks (learning) Teaching styles Transfer Learning support UF: Remedial Education BT: [Teaching and study] Intervention RT: Compensatory education Diagnostic teaching Diagnostic testing Educability Failure Integration (mainstreaming) Learning Normalisation (education) Pupil placement Special units Statements (special educational needs) Tutoring Lebanon BT: Mediterranean countries Middle East RT: Arab countries Islamic countries Lecturers SN: Teachers at the tertiary level (including adult education) UF: Faculty (academic staff) Readers (academic) BT: Educational personnel NT: Professors RT: Academic mobility Brain drain Lectures Staff student relations Teacher librarians Teachers Tutors Lectures BT: Teaching methods RT: Lecturers Lessons Seminars Tutorials Voice care Leeward Islands BT: West Indies NT: Anguilla Antigua and Barbuda British Virgin Islands Guadeloupe Montserrat Saint Kitts-Nevis United States Virgin Islands RT: Islands Left USE: Left (political) Left (political) UF: Left The Left BT: Politics RT: Anarchism Collectivist economy Communism Labour movement Liberalism Marxism Political sociology Radicalism Right (political) Rights Social democracy Socialism Legal administration USE: Administration of justice Legal aid BT: Administration of justice RT: Legal profession Social security Legal education BT: Social science education RT: Law Lawyers Legal profession Management studies Police education Public administration studies Legal profession BT: Law Professions NT: Lawyers RT: Administration of justice Legal aid Legal education Legal theory Sociology of law Legal sciences USE: Law Legal theory UF: Jurisprudence BT: Law Theory RT: Administration of justice Civil and political rights Human rights Justice Law enforcement Legal profession Philosophy of law Rights Sociology of law Legends UF: Fables BT: Folk literature RT: Customs and traditions Fairy tales Folklore Mythology Oral culture Story telling Legislation USE: Law Legislature SN: Used for works dealing specifically with the role of Parliament, rather than government as such. UF: Chamber of deputies Parliament BT: Government RT: Central government Constitutional law Executive Government policy Policy making Politicians Leisure UF: Recreation Sociology of leisure BT: Human needs RT: Leisure services studies Leisure studies Play Rest Retirement School time Vacations Leisure activities UF: Hobbies Pastimes BT: Human needs NT: Aquatic sports Athletics Ball games Children's games Combative sports Entertainment Equestrian sports Gambling Gardening Gymnastics Indoor games Outdoor pursuits Play Swimming Tourism Travel Youth activities RT: Cultural activities Evening schools Incidental learning Leisure facilities Leisure services studies Leisure studies Retirement education Youth clubs Leisure centers USE: Leisure facilities Leisure centres USE: Leisure facilities Leisure education USE: Leisure studies Leisure facilities UF: Leisure centers Leisure centres Recreational centers Recreational centres Recreational facilities BT: Facilities NT: Playgrounds Sports facilities RT: Clubs Leisure activities Leisure services studies Service industries Leisure services education USE: Leisure services studies Leisure services studies UF: Leisure services education Recreation management education Sports management education Tourism education BT: Management and industry studies NT: Catering studies RT: Catering Leisure Leisure activities Leisure facilities Physical education Leisure studies SN: Education for leisure and leisure pursuits, especially in leisure time UF: Leisure education BT: Social science education RT: Consumer education Home economics education Leisure Leisure activities Lifelong education Lending (libraries) USE: Circulation (libraries) Lesbianism UF: Lesbians BT: Homosexuality Women RT: Heterosexism Male homosexuality Sexual practices Sexuality Lesbians USE: Lesbianism Lesotho BT: Southern Africa RT: Commonwealth of Nations English speaking Africa Lesson planning BT: Instructional design RT: Instructional objectives Lessons Sequential learning Syllabus construction Teaching skills Lessons BT: Teaching methods NT: Demonstrations (lessons) Experiments (lessons) RT: Classwork Instructional design Lectures Lesson planning Seminars Tutorials Letter writing BT: Writing RT: Email Interpersonal communication Leukaemia SN: A type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow UF: Leukemia BT: Cancer Leukemia USE: Leukaemia Levels of education BT: [Levels of educational systems] NT: Adult education Early childhood education Middle years education Primary education Secondary education Tertiary education RT: Classification of education Diversification of education Educational institutions Educational progress Statistics of education Lexicography BT: Linguistics RT: Conceptual analysis Dictionaries Etymology Semantics Terminology Vocabulary Liberal arts colleges BT: Higher education institutions RT: Advanced further education Central institutions Colleges of higher education Cultural education Further education institutions Humanities education Polytechnics Teacher education colleges University colleges Liberal education SN: Education designed to broaden learners' outlooks and enlarge their vision of life opportunities (i.e. the antithesis of narrow vocational preparation). BT: Education RT: Academic education Affective education Aims of education Child centred education Cultural education Culture and education Educational theory Folk high schools General education Moral education Philosophy of education Progressive education Values education Liberal studies USE: General studies Liberalism BT: Political theory RT: Conservatism Left (political) Radicalism Social democracy Socialism Tolerance Liberation movements UF: Emancipation movements Freedom movements Independence movements Resistance movements BT: Social movements RT: Colonialism Decolonisation Decolonisation of education Feminism Nationalism Oppression Political development Political parties Political sociology Political violence Liberia UF: Republic of Liberia BT: West Africa RT: English speaking Africa Liberty USE: Freedom Librarians UF: Information and library personnel Information and library profession Information officers Library profession BT: Educational personnel Libraries RT: Dissemination of information Information handling Information services (libraries) Library studies Media resources officers Teacher librarians Libraries BT: Facilities NT: Academic libraries Archives Children's libraries Electronic libraries Government libraries Institutional repositories Librarians Library administration Library extension work Library studies Library user education National libraries Public libraries School libraries RT: Cultural activities Museums Resource centres Library administration SN: Includes both management of organisation and ordering and exploitation of information resources UF: Library management BT: Libraries NT: Acquisitions (libraries) Circulation (libraries) Document description Document relegation Information services (libraries) Library automation Library stock Stock revision (libraries) Library and information science USE: Library studies Library and information studies USE: Library studies Library automation BT: Library administration RT: Information handling automation Information technology Library circulation USE: Circulation (libraries) Library extension work UF: Library outreach BT: Libraries RT: Reading promotion Story telling Library management USE: Library administration Library materials USE: Library stock Library outreach USE: Library extension work Library profession USE: Librarians Library stock UF: Library materials BT: Library administration RT: Acquisitions (libraries) Document relegation Information sources Stock revision (libraries) Library studies SN: Curriculum subject; study to be a Librarian, not to use a library, for which Library user education is used. UF: Information and library science Information and library studies Library and information science Library and information studies BT: Libraries Vocational education RT: Archives Bibliology Librarians Media studies Museum studies Office studies Library study USE: Library work (study method) Library training USE: Library user education Library user education SN: Including practical training for library users in any situation UF: Library training BT: Libraries Library work (study method) UF: Library study BT: Study methods RT: Children's libraries Children's literature Homework Individual study Learning resources Libya BT: Mediterranean countries North Africa RT: Arab countries Islamic countries Licensed teachers SN: Mature entrants to teaching, with some experience of higher education, who receive school based teacher education as a route to qualified teacher status in England and Wales. Also used of trained teachers from European Community countries awaiting qualified teacher status. BT: Teachers RT: Articled teachers College school cooperation Inservice teacher education Probation and induction Probationary teachers Professional tutors School based programmes Teacher education Teacher supply Teaching practice Liechtenstein BT: Western Europe RT: Small states Life chances USE: Social opportunity Life cycle BT: Physiology NT: Ageing Childbirth Death Embryology Puberty RT: Growth Life events Reproduction Life events SN: Both traditionally expected events like starting work or marriage, and events less likely planned such as divorce or serious illness or injury. BT: Developmental psychology NT: Marriage School entrance age School leaving age School to work transition RT: Age groups Ageing Continuity Life cycle Rituals Life sciences UF: Biological sciences BT: Science NT: Anthropology Biology Medical sciences RT: Agriculture Fisheries Forestry Life sciences education BT: Science education NT: Anthropology education Biology education Medical education Life span development USE: Developmental psychology Lifelong education UF: Continuing education Continuous education Lifelong learning Permanent education Recurrent education BT: Adult education RT: Compensatory education Experiential learning Folk high schools Incidental learning Leisure studies Prior learning Retirement education Workers' colleges Working men's colleges Lifelong learning USE: Lifelong education Light BT: Physics Lighting UF: Illumination (lighting) BT: Building services RT: Electrical equipment Ergonomics Limited English speakers SN: People who know English as a foreign language but without sufficient fluency to participate to the full in an English speaking society BT: Language and education RT: Bilingual education Bilingual materials Bilingual pupils Bilingualism Community languages education ESOL ESOL education Mother tongue education Multicultural education Multilingualism Supplementary education Linguistic analysis BT: Linguistics NT: Discourse analysis RT: Content analysis Statistical analysis Structural linguistics Systemic linguistics Linguistic philosophy SN: The view that philosophical problems are problems which may be solved (or dissolved) either by reforming language, or by understanding more about the language we presently use. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). BT: Philosophical schools RT: Conceptual analysis Logical positivism Philosophy of language Pragmatism Linguistics SN: Linguistics is the scientific study of language. There are broadly three aspects to the study, which include language form, language meaning, and language in context. (Wikipedia, accessed November 2013) UF: Descriptive linguistics Language (linguistics) BT: Humanities NT: Applied linguistics Contrastive linguistics Etymology Grammar Language acquisition Lexicography Linguistic analysis Neurolinguistics Phonetics Psycholinguistics Semantics Sociolinguistics Structural linguistics Systemic linguistics Writing systems RT: Communication Computer languages Language Language and education Language awareness Language studies Languages Linguistics education Literature Philosophy of language Poststructuralism Translation Linguistics education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Humanities education RT: Applied linguistics Grammar education Linguistics Vocabulary education Lipreading BT: Communication skills Language RT: Deafness Hearing impairment Interpersonal communication Listening Partial hearing Speech Listeners USE: Audiences Listening BT: Communication skills Language RT: Audiences Auditory perception Hearing Interpersonal communication Lipreading Listening education Speech Listening education BT: Language studies RT: Conversation education English studies Listening Modern languages education Mother tongue education Oracy Story telling Listening skills BT: Communication skills Lists SN: Form term. Used for lists of categories of material for which the term Bibliographies or Directories is inappropriate. BT: [Form terms] NT: Lists of theses RT: Bibliographies Directories Lists of theses SN: Form term. Lists of theses etc. (used with Lists). BT: Lists RT: Report writing Reports Literacy SN: State of being literate, or, extent of literacy. Literacy refers to the ability to read for knowledge, write coherently and think critically about the written word. UNESCO defines literacy as the "ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate and compute, using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts. Literacy involves a continuum of learning in enabling individuals to achieve their goals, to develop their knowledge and potential, and to participate fully in their community and wider society." BT: [Literacy, reading and writing] NT: Child literacy Family literacy Functional literacy RT: Basic education Basic skills Basic subjects Community development Handwriting Illiteracy Language studies Literacy education Literacy workers Mother tongue education New literates Numeracy Oracy Reading Spelling Writing Literacy education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Language studies NT: Functional literacy education RT: Basic education Basic subjects Child literacy Community education Developing countries Development education English studies Handwriting education Illiteracy Literacy Literacy workers Mother tongue education New literates Reading education Reading programmes Reading promotion Real books approach Rural development education Spelling education Writing education Literacy workers BT: Educational personnel RT: Functional literacy education Illiteracy Literacy Literacy education Teachers Literary awards USE: Literary prizes Literary composition UF: Authorship Poetics BT: Literature RT: Applied linguistics Black writers Children as writers Communication skills Creative writing Creativity Journalism Literary forms and genres Literary style Men writers Narrative Translation White writers Women writers Writers Writing Writing education Written language Literary criticism BT: Literature NT: Book reviews RT: Art criticism Film criticism Literary forms and genres Literary history Literary prizes Russian formalism Structuralism Literary devices USE: Literary style Literary forms and genres BT: Literature NT: Allegory Biography Drama Fantasy (literary) Fiction Folk literature Humour (literary) Nonfiction Poetry Popular literature Prose Satire RT: Literary composition Literary criticism Literary style Literary history BT: History Literature RT: Black people in literature Children in literature Literary criticism Men in literature Social history White people in literature Women in literature Literary prizes UF: Literary awards BT: Awards RT: Literary criticism Literary style UF: Literary devices Stylistics BT: Literature RT: Figurative language Literary composition Literary forms and genres Literature BT: Humanities NT: Adaptations Black people in literature Children's literature Children in literature Literary composition Literary criticism Literary forms and genres Literary history Literary style Men in literature White people in literature Women in literature Writers RT: Artists Arts Creative writing Cultural activities Linguistics Literature education Writing Written language Literature education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Cultural education RT: Adaptations Children's literature Classics education Drama education English studies Language studies Literature Reading promotion Set books Literature reviews SN: Form term. UF: Literature surveys BT: [Form terms] RT: Bibliographies Literature searching USE: Information retrieval Literature surveys USE: Literature reviews Lithuania BT: Baltic states RT: Former Soviet republics Soviet Union Living standards USE: Standard of living Loans BT: Financial support RT: Financial institutions Grants Tuition fees Loans (libraries) USE: Circulation (libraries) Local education authorities UF: School boards BT: Local government RT: Administration of education Departments of education Government educational bodies Local government officers Local government representatives Regional educational bodies School councils Local government UF: County government District government Municipal government BT: Government NT: Local education authorities Local government finance Local government officers Local government representatives RT: Central local government relations Devolution Regional government Local government finance BT: Local government Public finance RT: Budgetary control Central local government relations Educational finance Financial administration Local government officers BT: Local government Occupations RT: Administrative staff Civil service Local education authorities Local government representatives Office workers Public administration Local government representatives SN: Elected representatives, such as councillors UF: Councillors (local government) Councilors (local government) BT: Local government Occupations RT: Community participation Local education authorities Local government officers Political participation Politicians Local history BT: History RT: Genealogy Geography Local history studies Local history studies SN: Curriculum subject. UF: Heritage education BT: History education RT: Archaeology education Environmental education Local history Local studies Social studies Local management SN: Devolved management of financial resources and related matters (e.g. staffing costs) exercised at the level of schools or similar institutions rather than by an education authority. The term Educational management is not added to these items. The term Financial administration is added if the work is concerned predominantly with financial matters. UF: School based management BT: Educational management RT: Decentralisation Democracy in education Financial administration Governing bodies Grant maintained schools Head teachers Local studies SN: Studies relating to the local environment in all its aspects, including social, historical, geographical and environmental. BT: Social science education RT: Environmental education Geography education Local history studies Rural studies Urban studies Location of schools USE: School mapping Lockouts USE: Industrial conflict Locomotory systems UF: Musculoskeletal systems BT: Anatomy RT: Exercise Movement Perceptual motor processes Physical mobility Physiology Physiotherapy Locus of control BT: Traits RT: Attribution Cognitive therapy Conformity Dependence Extrinsic motivation Independence Inferiority complex Institutionalisation Leadership Nonconformity Self perception Superiority complex Logic SN: Refers to both the study of modes of reasoning (which are valid and which are fallacious) and the use of valid reasoning BT: Philosophy RT: Problem solving Rationality Truth Validity Logic and switching circuits UF: Switching circuits BT: Electronic engineering RT: Electrical equipment Microelectronics Logical positivism SN: Logical positivism or logical empiricism are variants of neopositivism that embraced verificationism, a theory of knowledge combining strong empiricism (basing all knowledge on sensory experience) with mathematical logic and linguistics so that scientific statements could be conclusively proved false or true. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). BT: Philosophical schools RT: Empiricism Epistemology Linguistic philosophy Metaphysics Moral concepts Philosophy of religion Positivism Scepticism Logical thinking USE: Reasoning Lone parent families USE: One parent families Lone parent family USE: One parent families Long term memory BT: Memory RT: Retention Short term memory Longitudinal research SN: Used for works about longitudinal studies as a research method. UF: Cohort studies research BT: Research methods RT: Case study (research method) Continuity Longitudinal studies Retrospective surveys Longitudinal studies SN: Form term. Actual longitudinal studies. UF: Cohort studies BT: [Form terms] RT: Heredity Longitudinal research Time series Looked-after children USE: Children in care Looked after children USE: Children in care Love UF: Affection BT: Attachment Interpersonal attraction RT: Erotica Friendship Hate Romance fiction Sexuality Low achievement UF: Low achievers Low attainers Low attainment Underachievers BT: Achievement RT: Children's problems Compensatory education Disadvantage Emotional and behavioural difficulties Failure Language difficulties Mild learning difficulties Low achievers USE: Low achievement Low attainers USE: Low achievement Low attainment USE: Low achievement Low birth weight USE: Premature infants Low self-esteem USE: Self esteem Low self esteem USE: Self esteem Lowenfeld mosaic test BT: Testing Lower Certificate BT: Qualifications Lower class USE: Working class Lower secondary education SN: Education at age about 11-13 years old, at secondary level BT: Secondary education RT: Key stage 3 Middle secondary education Middle years education Older children Lusophone Africa USE: Portuguese speaking Africa Luxembourg BT: Western Europe RT: French studies Small states M-level USE: Masters degrees Macao UF: Macau BT: East Asia RT: China Macau USE: Macao Macedonia UF: Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia BT: Eastern Europe RT: Yugoslavia Machine intelligence USE: Artificial intelligence Machine tools BT: Equipment RT: Engineering Materials science Production engineering Woodwork Workshops Macroeconomics BT: Economic theory RT: Comparative economics Economic analysis Economic conditions Economic growth Economic policy Economic structure Microeconomics Madagascar UF: Malagasy Republic BT: Southern Africa RT: French speaking Africa Islands Madras schools SN: Madras School is a term used to refer to a system of education prevailing in the city of Chennai, India (formerly known as Madras) in the early part of the 19th century wherein education was imparted by senior pupils who educated juniors. This mode of education was recommended for implementation in the United Kingdom by the educationist Andrew Bell. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). BT: Schools Magazines USE: Serials Magic SN: Ritual acts believed and designed to influence events UF: Demonology Sorcery Voodoo Witchcraft BT: Religion and belief RT: Ancient religions Folklore Mysticism Mythology Parapsychology Primitive religions Religion Rituals Magnet schools SN: Schools offering special courses designed to attract pupils on a voluntary basis from all parts of a local authority. BT: Schools RT: City technology colleges Desegregation in education Language colleges Reorganisation of education Technology colleges Urban education Magnetboards USE: Display boards Magnetism BT: Physics Magyar USE: Hungarian language Mainstreaming USE: Integration (mainstreaming) Maintenance (of services and facilities) BT: Services NT: Educational building maintenance RT: Maintenance staff Maintenance staff BT: Occupations RT: Administrative staff Building services Domestic staff Educational building maintenance Laboratory staff Maintenance (of services and facilities) Technicians Maladministration SN: Includes alleged maladministration. UF: Malpractice BT: Administration RT: Administrative law Civil and political rights Discrimination in education Equality Grievance procedures Impartiality Justice Ombudsman Police brutality Malagasy Republic USE: Madagascar Malawi BT: Southern Africa RT: Commonwealth of Nations English speaking Africa Malay language UF: Indonesian BT: Austronesian and Oceanic languages Southeast Asian languages RT: Brunei Indonesia Malaysia Singapore Malaysia UF: Sabah Sarawak BT: Southeast Asia RT: Chinese language Chinese people Chinese studies Commonwealth of Nations Islamic countries Malay language Maldives BT: South Asia RT: Commonwealth of Nations Indic languages Indic studies Islands Small states Male homosexuality UF: Male homosexuals BT: Homosexuality RT: Heterosexism Lesbianism Men Sexual practices Male homosexuals USE: Male homosexuality Maleness USE: Masculinity Mali BT: West Africa RT: French speaking Africa Islamic countries Malicious damage USE: Vandalism Malignant neoplasm USE: Cancer Malnutrition BT: Nutrition Social problems RT: Eating disorders Famine Food Food resources Nutrition education Poverty Malpractice USE: Maladministration Malta BT: Mediterranean countries Western Europe RT: Commonwealth of Nations Islands Small states Management UF: Management operations BT: Social sciences NT: Business management Centralisation Decentralisation Decision making Educational management Environmental management Knowledge management Management by objectives Management of change Management techniques Management theory Personnel management Planning Policy implementation Policy making Project management Supervision Time management Total quality management RT: Leadership Management development Management studies Managers Responsibility Management and industry studies BT: Social science education NT: Accountancy education Business studies Distributive studies Industrial studies Labour studies Leisure services studies Management studies Office studies Planning studies Policy studies Public administration studies Management by objectives SN: A process of defining objectives within an organisation so that management and employees agree to the objectives and understand what they need to do in the organisation in order to achieve them. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). UF: Goal setting BT: Management RT: Aims Management techniques Planning Project management Management development SN: Inservice training and staff development in managerial and supervisory skills for administrators, managers or senior teachers. BT: Inservice training Staff development RT: Business studies Career development Educational management Inservice teacher education Management Management studies Managers Organisation development Management education USE: Management studies Management information systems SN: Provides information that organisations require to manage themselves efficiently and effectively ... [T]ypically computer systems used for managing ... hardware ... software ... data ... procedures ... and people ... [D]istinct from other information systems, in that they are used to analyse and facilitate strategic and operational activities. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). BT: Information systems RT: Educational support services Management techniques Performance indicators Management methods USE: Management techniques Management of change UF: Change management BT: Management RT: Change Educational change Educational innovations Innovations Management techniques Organisation development School improvement Management operations USE: Management Management studies UF: Management education BT: Management and industry studies RT: Accountancy education Business management Business studies Industrial studies Labour studies Legal education Management Management development Managers Policy studies Public administration studies Management techniques UF: Management methods BT: Management NT: Operations research Performance indicators Work study RT: Academic games Cost benefit analysis Decision theory (statistical) Forecasting Futurology Game theory Input-output analysis Management by objectives Management information systems Management of change Management theory Models Organisation development Performance Simulation Systems analysis Management theory UF: Theory of management BT: Management Theory RT: Accountability Administration Authority Bureaucracy Industrial psychology Leadership Management techniques Organisation development Organisational behaviour Managers UF: Executive personnel Executives BT: Personnel NT: Chief administrative officers RT: Employers Management Management development Management studies Professional personnel Specialists Manpower USE: Human capital Manpower and education USE: Human capital and education Manpower planning USE: Human capital planning Manual workers UF: Laborers Labourers Unskilled workers BT: Workers RT: Skilled workers Manuals USE: Guides Manufacturing USE: Manufacturing industries Manufacturing industries UF: Manufacturing BT: Industry NT: Construction industry Motor industry RT: Chemical technology Engineering Production engineering Textiles Map making USE: Cartography Map reading USE: Maps Mapping USE: Cartography Mapping of schools USE: School mapping Maps UF: Map reading BT: Visual materials RT: Cartography Marine biology BT: Hydrobiology RT: Fisheries Oceanography Marine engineering UF: Nautical engineering Naval engineering BT: Engineering RT: Marine engineering education Nautical studies Oceanography Transport engineering Marine engineering education BT: Engineering education RT: Marine engineering Military studies Nautical studies Marine science USE: Oceanography Marionettes USE: Puppetry Market forces USE: Supply and demand Market research BT: Applied research Social science research RT: Advertising Consumers Consumption Distributive trade Marketing Supply and demand Marketing UF: Sales promotion Selling BT: Trade NT: Marketisation of education RT: Advertising Consumers Consumption Distributive studies Distributive trade Market research Supply and demand Marketisation of education SN: The introduction of competition between educational institutions possibly involving elements of privatisation and fee payment by users. UF: Commercialisation of education Commercialization of education Marketization of education BT: Administration of education Marketing RT: Admission Decentralisation Franchising in education Grant maintained schools Parental choice Private education Privatisation Supply and demand Marketization of education USE: Marketisation of education Marking SN: Marking of learners' work, either in examinations or in the general course of study. UF: Marking (scholastic) BT: Educational assessment RT: Continuous assessment Examinations Examiners Examining bodies Profiles in education Rating Marking (scholastic) USE: Marking Marriage SN: Used for topics concerned specifically with marriage as an institution, as opposed to family in general. BT: Life events NT: Divorce Marriage dissolution RT: Families Family law Family relations Illegitimacy Married teachers Married women Unmarried couples Marriage dissolution UF: Separation (marriage) BT: Marriage RT: Divorce Family law Family problems Family relations One parent families Married teachers BT: Teachers RT: Marriage Part time teachers Married women UF: Spouse Wives BT: Families Women NT: Housewives RT: Marriage Mothers Unmarried mothers Widows Martinique BT: Windward Islands RT: France French language Marxism SN: Sociological, economic and other theories deriving from the work of Karl Marx BT: Sociology RT: Collectivist economy Communism Critical sociology Determinism Evolutionism Holism Left (political) Marxism and education Materialism Philosophy of social science Socialism Marxism and education SN: Marxist perspectives on education, and criticism of them BT: Education RT: Communism Communist countries Educational theory Marxism Philosophy of education Radical education Religion and education Socialism and education Sociology of education Marxism Leninism USE: Communism Masculineness USE: Masculinity Masculinity SN: Masculinity, toughness or machismo as trait or ideology. For male sex role, the terms Sex role and Men are used. UF: Maleness Masculineness BT: Traits RT: Aggression Androgyny Boys Femininity Heterosexism Ideology Men Men's education Men in literature Sex differences Sex role Sexism Mass communication SN: Simultaneous public dissemination of information to the largest possible number of recipients. Not used if Mass media is more appropriate. BT: Communication process NT: Advertising Internet Mass media Propaganda Public relations Publishing RT: Audiences Communication psychology Communication skills Dissemination of information Indoctrination Popular culture Public opinion Sociology of communication Mass media SN: Refers to the organisational and technical means of realising the process of mass communication, as well as messages or documents produced for mass communication. BT: Mass communication NT: Broadcasting Cinema Journalism Media literacy News media Press RT: Audiences Cultural activities Popular culture Public opinion Sociology of communication Mass media studies USE: Media studies Masters degrees UF: M-level BT: Degrees Mastery learning SN: Strategy characterised by definition of learning objectives and expected achievement level, a design permitting as many students as possible to achieve objectives to specified level and assignment of grades based on such achievement BT: Learning Teaching methods RT: Ability Achievement Aims of education Behavioural objectives Competency based education Instructional design Instructional objectives Materialism SN: The theory of materialism holds that the only thing that exists is matter or energy ... Matter is the only substance and reality is identical with the actually occurring states of energy and matter. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). For the desire to accumulate material goods, Economic materialism is used. BT: Philosophical schools RT: Atheism Behaviourism Empiricism Idealism Marxism Metaphysics Naturalism Philosophy of mind Realism Scepticism Materials science BT: Physical sciences NT: Glass Metals Rubber Textiles RT: Chemical technology Chemistry Machine tools Mineral resources Paper Production engineering Woodwork Maternally deprived children BT: Parentally deprived children RT: Mother and child One parent families Paternally deprived children Maternity provisions BT: Conditions of employment RT: Antenatal education Career break Childbirth Gynaecology Mothers Pregnancy Social security Women's rights Maternity services BT: Social action Math disability USE: Dyscalculia Math education USE: Mathematics education Mathematical ability BT: Ability Mathematics RT: Mathematics education Numeracy Visual literacy Mathematical models UF: Statistical models BT: Models Statistical design RT: Applied mathematics Estimation Game theory Mathematics Operations research Simulation Mathematical science USE: Mathematics Mathematical statistics USE: Statistics Mathematical tables SN: Form term. Used for logarithm tables for example. BT: [Form terms] RT: Mathematics Mathematicians BT: Scientific personnel RT: Mathematics Mathematics UF: Mathematical science BT: [Mathematics and numeracy] NT: Algebra Applied mathematics Arithmetic Calculus Error analysis Geometry Mathematical ability Number systems Numeracy Statistics Topology RT: Applied mathematics education Mathematical models Mathematical tables Mathematicians Mathematics (examination subject) BT: Examination papers NT: Algebra (examination subject) Geometry (examination subject) Trigonometry (examination subject) Mathematics education SN: Curriculum subject. UF: Math education Maths education BT: [Subjects of instruction] NT: Algebra education Applied mathematics education Arithmetic education Geometry education Higher mathematics education Numeracy education Probability education Pure mathematics education Statistical education RT: Calculators Mathematical ability Numeracy Maths education USE: Mathematics education Matriculation examination BT: Examinations Matrix algebra BT: Algebra RT: Network analysis Matter USE: Physics Mature students UF: Adult students BT: Adults Students RT: Access programmes Adult education Bridging courses Career break Career change Employment experience Extension education Part time students Mauritania BT: West Africa RT: Arab countries French speaking Africa Islamic countries Western Sahara Mauritius BT: Southern Africa RT: Commonwealth of Nations English speaking Africa French speaking Africa Islands Small states Mayotte BT: East Africa RT: Comoros France French speaking Africa Islands Swahili-speaking peoples Swahili language MBD USE: Learning disabilities Meaning USE: Semantics Measurement SN: Measuring the extent, quantity or dimension of objects in a scientific or mathematical context - not psychological, for which Educational assessment is used. BT: Evaluation NT: Econometrics Measures Metric system Sociometry Surveying RT: Cartography Measurement (psychological/educational) USE: Educational assessment Measurement (psychology/education) USE: Educational assessment Measures SN: Instruments of social scientific measurement or assessment, such as observation schedules, which are not tests or questionnaires or interview schedules. Named instrument also indexed. BT: Measurement RT: Data collection Evaluation Observation Qualitative research Questionnaires Standardisation Testing Mechanical engineering BT: Engineering RT: Mechanical engineering education Motor industry Road vehicle engineering education Mechanical engineering education BT: Engineering education NT: Road vehicle engineering education RT: Mechanical engineering Mechanics UF: Hydrostatics Statics BT: Physics RT: Applied mathematics Mechanics' institutes SN: SPECIFIC HISTORICAL CONCEPT. Mechanics' institutes were educational establishments [in Britain] formed to provide adult education, particularly in technical subjects, to working men. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). BT: Adult education institutions Mechanics (examination subject) BT: Physics (examination subject) Media literacy SN: Understanding of the mass media and ability to receive critically the messages communicated thereby BT: Mass media RT: Media studies News media Media resources officers SN: Specialists in the development, organisation and adaptation of various types of educational media. BT: Educational personnel RT: Audiovisual aids Audiovisual instruction Instructional materials Learning resources Librarians Resource centres Teacher librarians Media studies SN: Curriculum subject. UF: Communication studies Mass media studies BT: Social science education NT: Film studies Television studies RT: Broadcasting Communication Communication media Library studies Media literacy Press Radio Medical centers USE: Health centres Medical centres USE: Health centres Medical education SN: Medical education is education related to the practice of being a medical practitioner (Wikipedia, accessed May 2014) UF: Dental education BT: Life sciences education Vocational education NT: Veterinary education RT: Health education Human biology education Medical personnel Medical profession Medical sciences Nursing education Nutrition education Psychology education Medical equipment BT: Equipment Medical technology RT: Bioengineering Health services Laboratory equipment Medical research Medical sciences Prosthetics Surgery Medical ethics BT: Ethics Medical sciences RT: Abortion Medical profession Medical research Professional ethics Science ethics Medical inspection BT: Preventive medicine RT: Contact tracing Dental health services Diagnosis Diagnostic testing Epidemiology Immunisation Screening Medical personnel BT: Personnel NT: Dentists Doctors Midwives Nurses Paramedical personnel Psychiatrists RT: Medical education Medical profession Medical profession SN: Professional organisation of doctors BT: Professions RT: Doctors Medical education Medical ethics Medical personnel Medical sciences Psychiatrists Sociology of medicine Medical psychology USE: Psychiatry Medical research SN: Used for fairly general works about the doing of medical research; for works about research in a specific medical subject, the appropriate term plus Research are used. UF: Biomedical research BT: Applied research Research Scientific research RT: Laboratory animals Medical equipment Medical ethics Medical sciences Medical technology Medical sciences UF: Medicine BT: Life sciences NT: Gynaecology Human biology Medical ethics Medical technology Medical treatment Paediatrics Pathology Preventive medicine Psychiatry Sports medicine Surgery Veterinary medicine RT: Anatomy Hospitals Medical education Medical equipment Medical profession Medical research Physiology Sociology of medicine Medical services USE: Health services Medical technology BT: Medical sciences Technology NT: Bioengineering Medical equipment Prosthetics RT: Medical research Surgery Medical treatment UF: Clinical medicine BT: Health services Medical sciences NT: Anaesthetics Drugs First aid Health visiting Home care Nursing Patients Physiotherapy Rehabilitation Speech therapy Surgery Voice care RT: Dental health services Diagnosis Health centres Hospitals Primary health care Medicine USE: Medical sciences Medicines USE: Drugs Medieval history SN: Period of European history encompassing the 5th to the 15th centuries, normally marked from the collapse of the Western Roman Empire until the beginning of the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery UF: Middle ages BT: History RT: Ancient history Modern history Meditation BT: Religious practice RT: Consciousness Mysticism Prayer Mediterranean countries BT: [Geographical locations] NT: Albania Algeria Croatia Cyprus Egypt France Gibraltar Greece Israel Italy Lebanon Libya Malta Monaco Montenegro Morocco Palestine Slovenia Spain Tunisia Turkey RT: Europe Middle East North Africa Yugoslavia Meetings BT: Group communication RT: Committees Congresses Conversation Discussions Seminars Melanesia BT: Pacific NT: Fiji New Caledonia Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Vanuatu RT: Islands Micronesia Polynesia Small states Members of Parliament USE: Politicians Memorisation UF: Memorization BT: Memory RT: Mnemonics Retention Rote learning Serial learning Verbal learning Memorization USE: Memorisation Memory BT: Cognition NT: Forgetting Long term memory Memorisation Mnemonics Recognition Remembering Retention Short term memory RT: Brain Learning Memory disorders Symbolic processes Memory disorders UF: Agnosia Amnesia Memory loss BT: Cognitive disorders RT: Forgetting Memory Neurological disorders Memory loss USE: Memory disorders Men BT: Population NT: Boys Fathers Men teachers Men writers RT: Adults Male homosexuality Masculinity Men's education Men's studies Men in literature Sex differences Sex discrimination Sex equality Sex role Sexism Unmarried fathers Men's education SN: Used to refer to men in post-compulsory education (and also includes 16-19 year olds who are in non-school based education, e.g. sixth form colleges, further education) BT: Gender and education RT: Boys Boys' education Boys' schools Coeducation Masculinity Men Men's employment Men's studies Single sex education Women's education Men's employment BT: Employment NT: Men teachers RT: Employment and education Men's education Men's studies Men writers Part time employment Reemployment Men's studies SN: Curriculum subject. UF: Men and masculinities BT: Sociology education RT: Men Men's education Men's employment Men in literature Men writers Men and masculinities USE: Men's studies Men in literature BT: Literature RT: Literary history Masculinity Men Men's studies Men writers Men teachers BT: Men Men's employment Teachers Men writers BT: Men Writers RT: Literary composition Men's employment Men's studies Men in literature Menstruation BT: Gynaecology RT: Puberty Sexual development Mental cruelty BT: Cruelty RT: Bullying Family problems Interpersonal conflict Mental disability SN: Adults, or the mentally handicapped in general, or any context which is non-educational and/or where the term Learning difficulties would not be appropriate UF: Mentally handicapped BT: Disability RT: Cognitive disorders Mental health Mental disorders SN: Used for adults, or people in general, or with appropriate age group term such as Adolescents. For children, a term such as Emotional and behavioural difficulties or Autism is preferred. UF: Abnormal psychology Mental illness Mentally ill BT: Disorders Psychopathology Social problems NT: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Autism Cognitive disorders Depression Elective mutism Neuroses Personal conflict Personality disorders Psychopathy Psychoses Schizophrenia Self injurious behaviour RT: Illness Mental health Mental health and education Psychiatry Psychosomatic disorders Mental health BT: Health NT: Death psychology Dreams Educational welfare Mental health services Rejection School refusal Stress Suggestion Unconscious RT: Mental disability Mental disorders Psychiatry Psychopathology Public health Mental health and education BT: Educational psychology NT: Psychological services RT: Child psychiatry Child psychotherapy Children's problems Educational welfare Emotional and behavioural difficulties Health education Mental disorders Mental health services Mental health services UF: Psychiatric services BT: Health services Mental health NT: Psychiatry RT: Caring professions Child psychiatry Counselling Educational welfare Mental health and education Psychiatric social workers Psychiatrists Social psychiatry Mental illness USE: Mental disorders Mental suggestion USE: Suggestion Mentally handicapped USE: Mental disability Mentally ill USE: Mental disorders Mentoring BT: Pastoral care Mentors (teacher education) USE: Professional tutors Mergers USE: Amalgamation Merrill-Palmer test USE: Merrill Palmer test Merrill Palmer test UF: Merrill-Palmer test BT: Testing Mesopotamia USE: Iraq Metacognition SN: Knowledge, understanding, belief or monitoring of one's own mental (especially cognitive) states and processes. UF: Metaknowledge BT: Cognition RT: Consciousness Philosophy of mind Psychology education Self regulation Metaethics USE: Moral concepts Metaknowledge USE: Metacognition Metals SN: Includes metallurgy. BT: Materials science Technology RT: Chemical technology Mineral resources Metalwork (examination subject) BT: Examination papers Metalwork education BT: Design and technology education RT: Handicrafts Plastic arts Practical skills education Woodwork education Workshops Metaphor USE: Figurative language Metaphysics SN: Traditional branch of philosophy concerned with explaining the fundamental nature of being and the world UF: Ontology BT: Philosophy RT: Causality Empiricism Epistemology Existentialism Idealism Logical positivism Materialism Phenomenology Philosophy of religion Rationalism Realism Scepticism Truth Metapsychics USE: Parapsychology Meteorology UF: Atmospheric sciences BT: Physical geography NT: Climate Weather RT: Floods Method study USE: Work study Methodism and education BT: Christianity and education RT: Christianity Protestantism Religious education Methodological holism USE: Holism Methodological individualism USE: Individualism Metric system BT: Measurement Mexican Americans BT: Hispanic Americans RT: Mexico Minority groups North American studies Spanish language Spanish studies United States Mexico BT: Central America RT: Latin America Mexican Americans Microbiology UF: Bacteria Microorganisms Viruses BT: Biology RT: Biotechnology Epidemiology Immunology Microscopes Pathology Microblogging USE: Social media Microcard USE: Microforms Microcomputers USE: Computers Microeconomics SN: Used for more general works on microeconomics. BT: Economic theory RT: Business economics Economic analysis Financial administration Macroeconomics Resource allocation Welfare economics Microelectronics BT: Electronic engineering RT: Information technology Logic and switching circuits Reliability engineering Microfiche USE: Microforms Microfilm USE: Microforms Microfilms USE: Microforms Microforms SN: Form term. UF: Microcard Microfiche Microfilm Microfilms Microphotography BT: [Form terms] RT: Photography Micronesia BT: Pacific NT: Kiribati Micronesia (Federated States) Nauru Northern Mariana Islands Palau Trust Territory of the Pacific Tuvalu RT: Gilbert and Ellice Islands Islands Melanesia Polynesia Small states Micronesia (Federated States) BT: Micronesia RT: Islands Small states Microorganisms USE: Microbiology Microphotography USE: Microforms Microscopes BT: Equipment RT: Microbiology Microteaching SN: Practice of specific teaching skills in simulated or simplified classroom conditions BT: Teaching skills RT: Role playing Simulation Teaching practice Middle aged adults BT: Adults RT: Ageing Older adults Retirement Retirement education Middle ages USE: Medieval history Middle class UF: Bourgeoisie BT: Social class RT: Class consciousness Social mobility Upper class Working class Middle East BT: [Geographical locations] NT: Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Egypt Georgia Iran Iraq Israel Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Oman Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria Turkey United Arab Emirates Yemen RT: Asia Islam Islam and education Mediterranean countries Middle Eastern studies North Africa Yemen (Arab Republic) Yemen (People's Democratic Republic) Middle Eastern studies BT: Area studies NT: Arabic studies Persian studies RT: African studies Arab countries Asian studies Development studies Islam Islamic studies Jewish studies Middle East Middle schools SN: Schools for pupils of approximately 9-13 years old. Normally used for management and buildings aspect only (otherwise Middle years education is used). BT: Schools RT: First schools Junior schools Key stage 2 Middle years education Older children Primary schools Secondary schools Middle secondary education SN: Education for pupils approximately 14-16 years. May also cover ages 11-16 for works about courses leading up to examinations at 16 plus. BT: Secondary education RT: GCSE Key stage 4 Lower secondary education School leavers School leaving age Upper secondary education Middle years education SN: Education in the middle years, approximately 9-13 years of age BT: Levels of education RT: Junior schools Key stage 2 Lower secondary education Middle schools Older children Primary education Secondary education MIDI systems USE: Electronic music Midwives SN: For training of midwives, used with Nursing education and Vocational education. BT: Medical personnel RT: Antenatal education Childbirth Gynaecology Health visiting Nurses Perinatal risk Pregnancy Migrant education SN: Education for children of migrant workers BT: Disadvantage RT: Armed forces children Immigrants Migrant workers Migration Mobile schools Refugee education Rural education Travellers' education Migrant workers SN: Foreign immigrants in a country for the purpose of obtaining employment, with a view to returning to their country of origin (contrast Foreign workers and Immigrants) BT: Foreigners Workers RT: Employment abroad Foreign workers Gypsies Immigrants Itinerant workers Migrant education Nomads Travellers (itinerants) Migration UF: Population migration BT: Human geography NT: Emigration Immigration RT: Census Foreign workers Globalisation Gypsies Itinerant workers Migrant education Nomads Population Refugees Rural areas Rural sociology Travellers (itinerants) Mild learning difficulties SN: Children at an intellectual level below average but above the level of moderate learning difficulties UF: Slow learners BT: Learning difficulties RT: Communication difficulties Language difficulties Learning disabilities Low achievement Moderate learning difficulties Multiple learning difficulties Severe learning difficulties Militarism BT: Government Military engineering BT: Engineering NT: Nuclear warfare RT: Armed forces Defence Military studies Nuclear engineering Transport engineering War Military forces USE: Armed forces Military studies BT: Vocational education RT: Aerospace engineering education Armed forces Armed forces education Arms control Civil engineering education International studies Marine engineering education Military engineering Nautical studies Peace studies Mime studies USE: Movement studies Mind and body (philosophy) USE: Philosophy of mind Mineral resources BT: Natural resources RT: Economic geography Energy resources Geology Materials science Metals Mining Mining education Mining industry Minimal brain dysfunction USE: Learning disabilities Minimum wage USE: Wages Minimum wages USE: Wages Mining BT: Engineering RT: Civil engineering Mineral resources Mining education Mining industry Mining education BT: Engineering education RT: Civil engineering education Geology education Mineral resources Mining Mining industry Mining industry BT: Industry RT: Mineral resources Mining Mining education Ministers of religion UF: Clergy Priests (clergy) Rabbis BT: Professional personnel RT: Church Modern religions Religion Religious groups Religious orders Religious practice Theology Theology education Ministries (government departments) USE: Government departments Ministries of education USE: Departments of education Minority groups SN: A minority group is a sociological category within a demographic. Rather than a relational "social group", as the term would indicate, the term refers to a category that is differentiated and defined by the social majority, that is, those who hold the majority of positions of social power in a society. The differentiation can be based on one or more observable human characteristics, including, for example, ethnicity, race, gender, wealth, health or sexual orientation. (Wikipedia, accessed December 2013) BT: [Peoples and cultures] RT: Aborigines Africans Asians Bangladeshis Black people Cape Coloureds Civil and political rights Communities Cypriots Delinquency Disadvantage Elites Eskimos Ethnic groups Gypsies Hispanic Americans Immigrants Indians Intellectuals Irish people Italian Americans Jews Mexican Americans Multicultural education Native Americans Nomads Oppression Pakistanis Pressure groups Social inequality Somalis Subcultures Supplementary education West Indians White people Missionary education SN: Education carried out by missionaries. A missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to do evangelism or ministries of service, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care and economic development. The term is most commonly used for Christian missions, but can be used for any creed or ideology. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Religion and education RT: Colonial education Missions Religious orders Missions SN: Christian or other religious missions BT: Organisations NT: Educational missions RT: Cultural imperialism Missionary education Religion Religious orders Mixed ability grouping BT: Grouping RT: Ability grouping Group work Integration (mainstreaming) Multiple classes Nongraded schools One teacher schools Vertical grouping Mixed methods SN: An approach to professional research that combines the collection and analysis of quantitative and qualitative data. (Wikipedia, accessed December 2013) UF: Multimethodology BT: Research methods RT: Qualitative research Quantitative research Mixed race SN: Persons of mixed racial parentage BT: Race RT: Ethnic groups Multiracial communities Racial identification Self concept MLD USE: Moderate learning difficulties Mnemonics BT: Memory RT: Abbreviations Memorisation Retention Mobile schools BT: Schools RT: Migrant education Travellers' education Visiting teachers Mobile technology UF: Handheld computers Laptop computers Notebook computers Personal organisers (computers) Personal organizers (computers) Portable computers BT: Information technology Mobility in education BT: [Interaction between education and its social context] NT: Academic mobility Break in studies Pupil mobility Student mobility Mode III assessment USE: Internal assessment Models BT: Research methods NT: Mathematical models RT: Academic games Causal analysis Management techniques Operations research Simulation Sociometry Systems analysis Theories Theory Typology Moderate learning difficulties SN: Children with an intellectual impairment, (which may or may not be organically caused), who generally function at more than half the level to be expected for their chronological age but significantly below average UF: Educable mentally retarded Educationally subnormal ESN MLD BT: Learning difficulties RT: Down's syndrome Mild learning difficulties Multiple learning difficulties Severe learning difficulties Moderation (assessment) USE: Standardisation Modern art BT: Arts NT: Contemporary art RT: Art history Art styles Modernism Postmodernism Modern Greek language USE: Greek language (modern) Modern Greek studies USE: Greek (modern) studies Modern history BT: History NT: Early modern history Late modern history RT: Industrial archaeology Medieval history Social studies Modern history (examination subject) BT: History (examination subject) Modern language studies USE: Modern languages education Modern languages BT: Languages NT: African languages Amerindian languages Asian languages Community languages Creoles Dialects European languages International languages Languages for specific purposes Pidgins Vernacular languages RT: Foreign languages Modern languages education Modern languages (examination subject) BT: Examination papers NT: French (examination subject) German (examination subject) Spanish (examination subject) Modern languages education SN: Curriculum subject. UF: Foreign languages education Modern language studies BT: Language studies NT: Afrikaans studies Arabic studies Chinese studies Community languages education Dutch studies ESOL education French studies Gaelic studies German studies Greek (modern) studies Hausa studies Hispanic studies Igbo studies Indic studies Irish studies Italian studies Japanese studies Jewish studies Languages for specific purposes education Persian studies Polish studies Russian studies Serbocroatian studies Somali studies Tamil studies Thai studies Welsh studies Yoruba studies RT: Applied linguistics Communicative competence Conversation education Direct method (teaching) English studies Foreign languages Grammar education Interference (language) International studies Language awareness Language colleges Language laboratories Listening education Modern languages Mother tongue education Second language Set books Speech education Vocabulary education Modern religions BT: Religious systems NT: Buddhism Christianity Hinduism Islam Judaism Rastafarianism Sikhism Sufism Taoism Zen RT: Ministers of religion Modernism SN: Modern thought, character or practice. More specifically, the term describes the modernist movement in the arts, its set of cultural tendencies and associated cultural movements. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Aesthetics RT: Art styles Contemporary art Cultural change Modern art Postmodernism Modular courses SN: Courses composed of virtually self-contained units UF: Modules Units (courses) BT: Courses RT: Curriculum Educational credits Flexible study Interdisciplinary curriculum Joint study programmes Learner centred curriculum Optional curriculum Modules USE: Modular courses Moldavia USE: Moldova Moldova UF: Moldavia BT: Eastern Europe RT: Former Soviet republics Soviet Union Molecular biology BT: Biology RT: Biochemistry Biotechnology Cell biology Genetic manipulation Genetics Monaco BT: Mediterranean countries Western Europe RT: Small states Monasteries USE: Religious orders Monastic schools BT: Religious schools Mongolia BT: East Asia RT: Communist countries Mongolism USE: Down's syndrome Monitorial system SN: System under which a head teacher taught older children, who then passed on the instruction to younger pupils BT: Teaching systems RT: Peer tutoring Student assistants Teaching assistants Montenegro BT: Eastern Europe Mediterranean countries RT: Serbia and Montenegro Serbocroatian language Serbocroatian studies Small states Yugoslavia Montessori system BT: Teaching systems RT: Activity methods Child centred education Early childhood education Learner centred methods Montserrat BT: Leeward Islands Moods SN: Transient emotional states. See narrower terms of Emotion for terms which may be appropriately used with this term in particular instances. BT: Affective psychology RT: Emotion Emotional development Moon alphabet USE: Moon System of Embossed Reading Moon code USE: Moon System of Embossed Reading Moon system USE: Moon System of Embossed Reading Moon System of Embossed Reading SN: A writing system for the blind, using embossed symbols mostly derived from the Latin script (but simplified). (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) UF: Moon alphabet Moon code Moon system Moon type Moon writing BT: Tactile reading aids Moon type USE: Moon System of Embossed Reading Moon writing USE: Moon System of Embossed Reading Moral behavior USE: Moral behaviour Moral behaviour UF: Moral behavior BT: Prosocial behaviour NT: Conscience Moral development RT: Duties Ethics Guilt Inhibitions Moral education Moral philosophy Moral values Morality Obligation Psychology of religion Shame Socialisation Sociobiology Moral concepts SN: Includes conceptual analysis of the meaning of ethical terms UF: Good (moral concept) Metaethics Ought (moral concept) Virtue and vice Weakness of will BT: Moral philosophy NT: Accountability Conscience Courage Cruelty Duties Equality Freedom Impartiality Justice Obligation Pacifism Responsibility Rights Truth RT: Conceptual analysis Logical positivism Naturalism Utilitarianism Moral development SN: When applied to a particular age group, used with age group term (for example Preschool children) not with development term (for example Preschool development), unless the general development at that stage of life is also being discussed. BT: Developmental psychology Moral behaviour RT: Cognitive development Conscience Emotional and behavioural difficulties Emotional development Moral education Morality Personality development Psychosocial development Religious development Sexual development Socialisation Moral education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Humanities education RT: Affective education Citizenship education Controversial issues (subject matter) Educational values Human rights education Humane education Indoctrination Liberal education Moral behaviour Moral development Moral philosophy Morality Pastoral care Peace studies Philosophy of education Religion and education Religious education Sex education Social education Values education Moral obligation USE: Obligation Moral order USE: Morality Moral philosophy SN: Used for more general works (note that it is broader than Moral concepts). BT: Philosophy NT: Ethics Moral concepts Utilitarianism RT: Aesthetics Epistemology Moral behaviour Moral education Moral values Morality Philosophy of action Philosophy of education Philosophy of religion Relativism Value Value judgment Moral problems USE: Ethics Moral responsibility USE: Responsibility Moral standards USE: Morality Moral values SN: Used for prescriptive works on morality in various subjects. BT: Morality RT: Educational values Ethics Moral behaviour Moral philosophy Value Values education Morality SN: System or systems of moral values, viewed for example sociologically. UF: Moral order Moral standards BT: Social concepts NT: Moral values RT: Conscience Cultural environment Discipline Ethics Moral behaviour Moral development Moral education Moral philosophy Social control Socialisation Sociology of religion Moravian schools BT: Religious schools Morocco BT: Mediterranean countries North Africa RT: Arab countries French speaking Africa Islamic countries Western Sahara Morphology (biology) SN: Study of biological form BT: Anatomy RT: Adaptation (biological) Classification Growth Physiology Physique Morphology (linguistics) SN: Study of the smallest meaningful units of languages and their formulation into words UF: Inflection Words (morphology) BT: Grammar RT: Etymology Phonetics Place names Spelling Vocabulary Mortality UF: Death rate BT: Population RT: Birth rate Census Death Socioeconomic indicators Moslems USE: Muslims Mother and child SN: Relationship between mother and child UF: Mother child relationship BT: Parent and child NT: Breast feeding RT: Child rearing Childbirth Family relations Father and child Maternally deprived children Mothers Parent education Unmarried mothers Mother and toddler clubs USE: Playgroups Mother child relationship USE: Mother and child Mother tongue UF: First language L1 Native language BT: Language RT: Bilingual education Bilingual materials Bilingualism Community languages Foreign languages Language development Language policy Language variation Mother tongue education Multilingualism Mother tongue education SN: Curriculum subject. Teaching the mother tongue. For mother tongue as medium of instruction, Mother tongue and Language of instruction are used. BT: Language studies RT: Basic subjects Community languages education Conversation education Functional literacy education Grammar education Handwriting education Language across the curriculum Language and education Language awareness Language development Language of instruction Limited English speakers Listening education Literacy Literacy education Modern languages education Mother tongue Reading education Spelling education Vernacular languages Vocabulary education Mothers BT: Families Parents Women NT: Unmarried mothers RT: Childbirth Fathers Housewives Married women Maternity provisions Mother and child Motion perception USE: Spatial perception Motivation UF: Drives BT: Psychology NT: Achievement motivation Aspiration Extrinsic motivation Intrinsic motivation Motivation in education RT: Causality Hermeneutics Instinct Intention Philosophy of action Philosophy of mind Motivation in education UF: Learning motivation BT: Motivation RT: Achievement motivation Boredom Curiosity Extrinsic motivation Interest Intrinsic motivation Motor development USE: Perceptual motor development Motor disorders USE: Perceptual motor disorders Motor industry BT: Manufacturing industries RT: Driving Mechanical engineering Road vehicle engineering education Transport engineering Motor learning USE: Perceptual motor learning Motor processes USE: Perceptual motor processes Motor skills USE: Perceptual motor skills Mountaineering USE: Outdoor pursuits Mourning USE: Grief Movement SN: Human movement BT: Perceptual motor processes RT: Choreography Dance Locomotory systems Movement studies Philosophy of action Physical education Physical mobility Somaesthetic perception Movement studies SN: Curriculum subject. UF: Dance studies Mime studies Poetry and movement studies BT: Cultural education RT: Ballet Choreography Dance Drama education Movement Music education Physical education Mozambique BT: Southern Africa RT: Commonwealth of Nations Portuguese speaking Africa Swahili-speaking peoples Swahili language MS USE: Multiple sclerosis Mugging USE: Violence Multi-agency working USE: Agency cooperation Multi-disciplinary curriculum USE: Interdisciplinary curriculum Multicultural education SN: Education of different ethnic groups within a multicultural society in an integrated system, with the aim to encourage a climate of respect for, and sensitivity to, different cultural backgrounds UF: Intercultural education Multiracial education BT: Educational opportunity RT: Antiracism education Bilingual education Bilingual pupils Community languages education Cultural assimilation Cultural pluralism Culture and education Decolonisation of education Desegregation in education Discrimination in education Equal education Ethnic groups Immigrants Limited English speakers Minority groups Multiracial communities Race relations Supplementary education Urban education Multiculturalism USE: Cultural pluralism Multigrade schools USE: Multiple classes Multilingualism SN: Multilingualism is the act of using polyglotism, or using multiple languages, either by an individual speaker or by a community of speakers. (Wikipedia, accessed December 2013) UF: Polyglotism BT: Language RT: Bilingual education Bilingual pupils Bilingualism Code switching (language) Community languages Cultural pluralism Ethnic groups Foreign languages Interpreting Language development Language policy Languages for specific purposes Limited English speakers Mother tongue Multiracial communities Psycholinguistics Sociolinguistics Multimedia SN: Computer based systems and methods involving integration of some or all of: text, graphics or animation, photographic images, video, audio. BT: Human computer interaction RT: CD-ROMs Educational software Educational video Sound recording Teaching machines Video recording Multimethodology USE: Mixed methods Multinational corporations USE: Multinational enterprises Multinational enterprises UF: Multinational corporations BT: Enterprises RT: Economic interdependence International cooperation International organisations International trade Private enterprises Public enterprises Multiple birth BT: Childbirth Multiple choice testing SN: Usage of tests offering a choice from two or more alternative answers to each item. UF: Multiple choice tests BT: Educational assessment Objective testing RT: Self assessment Multiple choice tests USE: Multiple choice testing Multiple classes SN: Classes under a single teacher, comprising two or more age groups or year intakes, due to lack of teachers or small numbers of pupils in remote areas (contrast Vertical grouping). Not normally in one-teacher schools. UF: Multigrade schools BT: Grouping RT: Class size Mixed ability grouping Nongraded schools One teacher schools Rural education School size Small schools Vertical grouping Multiple disabilities SN: Two or more physical and/or sensory impairments. UF: Multiply handicapped BT: Disability RT: Blindness Communication difficulties Conductive education Deafness Hearing impairment Language difficulties Physical mobility Visual impairments Multiple learning difficulties SN: Intellectual impairment together with one or more physical and/or sensory impairments. UF: PMLD Profound/multiple learning difficulties BT: Learning difficulties RT: Blindness Communication difficulties Conductive education Deafness Disability Language difficulties Mild learning difficulties Moderate learning difficulties Profound learning difficulties Multiple sclerosis SN: An inflammatory disease in which the fatty myelin sheaths around the axons of the brain and spinal cord are damaged. UF: Disseminated sclerosis Encephalomyelitis disseminata MS BT: Diseases Multiply handicapped USE: Multiple disabilities Multiracial communities BT: [Peoples and cultures] RT: Biculturalism Bilingualism Community languages Cultural assimilation Cultural contact Cultural pluralism Ethnic groups Immigrants Mixed race Multicultural education Multilingualism Race Race relations Racial identification Religious pluralism Social integration Multiracial education USE: Multicultural education Multisensory learning SN: Learning that involves the processing of stimuli through two or more senses (for example, hearing and seeing). BT: Learning RT: Perceptual motor learning Visual learning Multishift schools USE: Multishift systems Multishift systems SN: Systems whereby an institution caters for two or more entirely different groups of learners during the school day UF: Double session schools Multishift schools BT: School organisation RT: Attendance Community centres Educational output Evening schools School size Timetables Multivariate analysis BT: Statistical analysis RT: Significance testing Municipal government USE: Local government Murder USE: Homicide Muscular dystrophy SN: A group of muscle diseases that weaken the musculoskeletal system and hamper locomotion. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Diseases RT: Disability Sick children Musculoskeletal systems USE: Locomotory systems Museum studies SN: Curriculum subject BT: Cultural education RT: Archaeology education Cultural studies History education Library studies Museums Museums and education Museums BT: Cultural activities Facilities Learning resources RT: Archaeology Archives Art galleries Exhibitions History Libraries Museum studies Museums and education Museums and education SN: Museums as an educational resource BT: Educational facilities RT: Archaeology education Art galleries Collections (teaching aids) Cultural studies Educational displays Educational visits Exhibitions History education Learning resources Museum studies Museums Realia (teaching aids) Music BT: Arts NT: Adaptations Electronic music Folk music Instrumental music Jazz Musical composition Musical instruments Musical performance Musicology National music Pop music Religious music Traditional music Vocal music RT: Ballet Music education Music therapy Opera Orchestras Psychology of music Music (examination subject) BT: Examination papers Music education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Cultural education RT: Adaptations Choir schools Movement studies Music Music therapy Musical instruments Music therapy BT: Psychotherapy RT: Art therapy Drama therapy Music Music education Musical instruments Occupational therapy Play therapy Psychology of music Musical composition BT: Music RT: Creativity Musical elements Musical forms Musical performance Musicology Psychology of music Musical conducting BT: Musical performance RT: Orchestras Musical elements SN: Includes musical time, pitch, tonality and harmony BT: Musicology RT: Musical composition Musical forms Musical forms SN: Includes for example concertos, fugues, marches, rondos, sonatas, symphonies. BT: Musicology RT: Musical composition Musical elements Musical instruments BT: Music NT: Keyboard instruments Percussion instruments Stringed instruments Wind instruments RT: Instrumental music Music education Music therapy Orchestras Musical performance BT: Music Performing arts NT: Musical conducting Orchestras RT: Improvisation Musical composition Musical scores SN: Form term. BT: [Form terms] Musical theory USE: Musicology Musicology SN: The scholarly study of music. UF: Musical theory BT: Music NT: Musical elements Musical forms RT: Musical composition Psychology of music Muslims UF: Moslems BT: [Peoples and cultures] RT: Arab countries Asians Ethnic groups Islam Islam and education Islamic countries Islamic schools Islamic studies North Africa Sufism Myanmar USE: Burma Myers-Briggs test USE: Myers Briggs test Myers-Briggs Type Indicator USE: Myers Briggs test Myers Briggs test UF: Myers-Briggs test Myers-Briggs Type Indicator BT: Testing Mysticism SN: Mysticism is the pursuit of communion with, identity with, or conscious awareness of an ultimate reality, divinity, spiritual truth, or God through direct experience, intuition, instinct or insight. Mysticism usually centers on practices intended to nurture those experiences. Mysticism may be dualistic, maintaining a distinction between the self and the divine, or may be nondualistic. Knowledge of, and especially personal experience of, states of consciousness, or levels of being, or aspects of reality, beyond normal human perception, sometimes including experience of and communion with a supreme being. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Religion and belief RT: Magic Meditation Mythology Philosophy of religion Religion Religious experience Sufism Mythology SN: Term can refer either to the study of myths or to a body or collection of myths. A myth is a sacred narrative, usually explaining how the world or humankind came to be in its present form, although, in a very broad sense, the word can refer to any traditional story. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Religion and belief RT: Ancient religions Fairy tales Folklore Legends Magic Mysticism Oral culture Primitive religions Namibia BT: Southern Africa RT: Commonwealth of Nations English speaking Africa Naming USE: Terminology Narrative SN: Generic term for narrative of a connected sequence of events, real or imaginary UF: Story BT: Communication skills RT: Biographies Biography Fiction Historiography Literary composition Oral composition Oral culture Story telling National certificate BT: Qualifications National curriculum SN: Prescribed range of subjects to be studied by all pupils of compulsory school age BT: Curriculum NT: Early years foundation stage Key stage 1 Key stage 2 Key stage 3 Key stage 4 RT: Core curriculum Core skills Curriculum relevance Curriculum statements Optional curriculum National education bodies USE: National educational bodies National educational bodies SN: Including quangos UF: National education bodies BT: [Educational organisations] RT: Civil service Departments of education Educational associations Government educational bodies Public enterprises Regional educational bodies Research councils Statutory bodies Voluntary educational bodies National Health Service BT: Health services National income BT: Economic conditions RT: Economic policy Economic structure Income Income distribution National insurance USE: Social welfare National libraries BT: Libraries RT: Government libraries National music BT: Music RT: Cultural identity Folk music Traditional music National Professional Qualification for Headship BT: Qualifications National schools SN: SPECIFIC HISTORICAL CONCEPT. Schools set up in the 19th century funded by the Church of England to provide education to the poor. Mostly subsequently absorbed into the state system. BT: Schools National security USE: State security National service USE: Conscription National Vocational Qualifications USE: NVQs Nationalisation USE: State intervention Nationalised enterprises USE: Public enterprises Nationalism UF: Patriotism BT: Political theory RT: Colonialism Conservatism Cultural identity Cultural imperialism Cultural revolution Decolonisation Imperialism Liberation movements Nationality Racism Right (political) Nationality BT: Civil and political rights RT: Citizenship Constitutional law Cultural identity Cultural pluralism Immigration Nationalism Nationalization USE: State intervention Nationalized enterprises USE: Public enterprises Native Americans SN: Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Used for Native Americans in the United States and First Nations or aboriginal peoples in Canada. UF: American Indians BT: Ethnic groups RT: Americas Amerindian languages Canada Minority groups North America North American studies United States Native language USE: Mother tongue Natural environment SN: The natural environment encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally on Earth or some region thereof. It is an environment that encompasses the interaction of all living species. The natural environment is contrasted with the built environment, which comprises the areas and components that are strongly influenced by humans. A geographical area is regarded as a natural environment. Natural environment is often used as a synonym for habitat. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Environment NT: Natural resources RT: Built environment Conservation of nature Ecology Environmental education Environmental sciences Human ecology Physical geography Pollution Natural language interaction USE: Human computer interaction Natural resources BT: Natural environment NT: Energy resources Food resources Mineral resources Water RT: Conservation of nature Economic geography Environmental management Environmental sciences Forestry Land use Water supply Natural sciences USE: Science Natural selection SN: Natural selection is the gradual process by which biological traits become either more or less common in a population as a function of the effect of inherited traits on the differential reproductive success of organisms interacting with their environment. It is a key mechanism of evolution. The term "natural selection" was popularized by Charles Darwin who intended it to be compared with artificial selection, which is now called selective breeding. (Wikipedia, accessed February 2014) BT: Genetics RT: Adaptation (biological) Evolution Heredity Natural world USE: Nature Naturalism SN: Any of several philosophical stances wherein all phenomena or hypotheses, commonly labeled as supernatural, are either false or not inherently different from natual phenomena or hypotheses. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Philosophical schools RT: Behaviourism Materialism Moral concepts Philosophy of social science Realism Nature SN: Nature, in the broadest sense, is equivalent to the natural world, physical world, or material world. "Nature" refers to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. It ranges in scale from the subatomic to the cosmic. "Nature" often refers to geology and wildlife. Nature may refer to the general realm of various types of living plants and animals, and in some cases to the processes associated with inanimate objects – the way that particular types of things exist and change of their own accord, such as the weather and geology of the Earth, and the matter and energy of which all these things are composed. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) UF: Natural world Wild life BT: Earth sciences Nature conservation USE: Conservation of nature Nature nurture controversy SN: Argument concerning the relative influences of hereditary and environmental factors in determining behaviour patterns UF: Environment heredity controversy Heredity environment controversy BT: Psychology RT: Child development Continuity Cultural environment Culture and education Educational environment Eugenics Genetic psychology Heredity Individual differences Interactional psychology Sex differences Nauru BT: Micronesia RT: Commonwealth of Nations Islands Small states Nautical engineering USE: Marine engineering Nautical studies BT: Vocational education RT: Marine engineering Marine engineering education Military studies Oceanography education Naval engineering USE: Marine engineering Nazism USE: Totalitarianism Needlework education BT: Design and technology education RT: Handicrafts Practical skills education Neoclassical economics BT: Economic theory Neonates USE: Infants Nepal BT: South Asia RT: Hinduism Hindus Indic languages Indic studies Nervous systems USE: Neurology Netball BT: Ball games RT: Basketball Netherlands BT: Western Europe RT: Dutch language Dutch studies Netherlands Antilles BT: West Indies RT: Islands Small states Network analysis SN: Examination of the interactive communication patterns among individuals, groups and/or organisations UF: Critical path analysis PERT BT: Operations research RT: Matrix algebra Systems analysis Topology Neurobiology USE: Neurology Neurodevelopmental disorders USE: Learning disabilities Neurolinguistics SN: The study of neural mechanisms in the human brain that control the comprehension, production and acquisition of language. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Linguistics RT: Brain hemisphere functions Language difficulties Neurology Neuropsychology Perceptual motor processes Psycholinguistics Speech Neurological disorders BT: Disorders RT: Memory disorders Neurology SN: Study of the nervous system and its disorders UF: Nervous systems Neurobiology BT: Anatomy NT: Brain Sensory systems RT: Brain hemisphere functions Brain surgery Cerebral palsy Clumsy children Cognitive disorders Epilepsy Language difficulties Lateral dominance Neurolinguistics Neuropsychology Perceptual motor processes Physiology Spina bifida Neuropsychology BT: Physiological psychology NT: Brain hemisphere functions Lateral dominance RT: Brain Neurolinguistics Neurology Perceptual motor processes Neuroses UF: Psychoneuroses BT: Mental disorders RT: Anxiety Obsessive compulsive disorder Psychoses Psychosomatic disorders New Caledonia BT: Melanesia RT: France French language Islands New Hebrides USE: Vanuatu New literates SN: Used for newly literate adults (for example, in developing countries). BT: Exceptional people RT: Functional literacy Functional literacy education Illiteracy Literacy Literacy education Reading programmes Reading promotion New towns BT: Urban areas RT: High rise flats Public housing Urban development Urban planning Urban sociology New Zealand UF: Aotearoa BT: Australasia RT: Commonwealth of Nations Newborn infants USE: Infants Newly qualified teachers USE: Probationary teachers News films SN: Cinema news films UF: Newsreels BT: Films RT: Documentary films Journalism Newspapers Television news News media BT: Mass media NT: Newspapers RT: Broadcasting Journalism Media literacy Press Newspapers BT: News media Primary documents RT: Journalism News films Press Serials Television news Newsreaders (broadcasting) USE: Broadcasting personnel Newsreels USE: News films NGO's USE: Nongovernmental organisations Nicaragua BT: Central America RT: Latin America Niger BT: West Africa RT: French speaking Africa Hausa language Hausa studies Islamic countries Nigeria BT: West Africa RT: Commonwealth of Nations English speaking Africa Hausa language Hausa studies Igbo studies Yoruba language Yoruba studies Night schools USE: Evening schools Nihilism SN: Philosophical doctrine suggesting the negation of one or more putatively meaningful aspects of life. Most commonly, nihilism is presented in the form of existential nihilism, which argues that life is without objective meaning, purpose or intrinsic value. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Philosophical schools RT: Anarchism Scepticism Niue BT: Polynesia RT: Islands Small states Noise USE: Sound Nomad education USE: Travellers' education Nomads SN: Members of a community of people who move from one place to another, either with their livestock (pastoral nomads) or subsisting on hunting and gathering. Nomadism is a lifestyle adapted to infertile regions such as steppe, tundra, or desert, where mobility is the most efficient strategy for exploiting scarce resources. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: [Peoples and cultures] Social groups NT: Gypsies RT: Itinerant workers Migrant workers Migration Minority groups Travellers' education Travellers (itinerants) Nomenclature USE: Terminology Non-conformity USE: Nonconformity Non-credit courses USE: Noncredit courses Non-custodial punishment USE: Noncustodial punishment Non-fiction USE: Nonfiction Non-formal education USE: Nonformal education Non-governmental organisations USE: Nongovernmental organisations Non-governmental organizations USE: Nongovernmental organisations Non-graded schools USE: Nongraded schools Non-parametric statistics USE: Nonparametric statistics Non-verbal communication USE: Nonverbal communication Non-violent protest USE: Civil disobedience Nonconformity SN: Psychological UF: Disobedience Non-conformity Resistance to authority BT: Traits RT: Alienation Antisocial behaviour Autonomy Civil disobedience Competition Conformity Independence Locus of control Rejection Noncredit courses UF: Non-credit courses BT: Courses Noncustodial punishment UF: Confiscation Disqualification Fines Non-custodial punishment Suspended sentences BT: Authority NT: Attendance centres Community service Intermediate treatment RT: Corporal punishment Detention Parole Probation Nonfiction UF: Non-fiction BT: Literary forms and genres RT: Fiction Information sources Reference materials Nonformal education SN: Activities or programmes organised outside the framework of the established educational system but directed to definite educational objectives UF: Non-formal education BT: Out of school education NT: Deschooling RT: Alternative education Basic education Community education Free schools Rural development education Traditional education Nongovernmental organisations UF: NGO's Non-governmental organisations Non-governmental organizations Nongovernmental organizations BT: Organisations Nongovernmental organizations USE: Nongovernmental organisations Nongraded schools SN: Schools totally without formal grouping, either by age or by ability, as operative in India. UF: Non-graded schools BT: Schools RT: Comprehensive schools Mixed ability grouping Multiple classes One teacher schools Open education Vertical grouping Nonparametric statistics SN: Forms of descriptive or sampling statistics applied to data when no assumptions can be made about the distributions involved UF: Non-parametric statistics BT: Statistics RT: Statistical distributions Statistical inference Statistical tests Nonverbal communication UF: Body language Facial expression Non-verbal communication BT: Communication skills RT: Communication psychology Interpersonal communication Sign language Social interaction Speech Symbolic languages Nonviolent protest USE: Civil disobedience Norfolk Island BT: Australasia RT: Islands Norm referenced assessment SN: Educational assessment in which an individual's test performance is described in relation to the performance of others on the same test. BT: Educational assessment RT: Criterion referenced assessment Rating Standardised testing Normalisation (education) SN: Usage of culturally normative means (patterns and conditions of everyday life) to facilitate adjustment and functioning by those with special needs UF: Normalization (education) BT: Special educational needs RT: Everyday life Integration (mainstreaming) Learning support Rehabilitation Normalization (education) USE: Normalisation (education) Norms SN: Sociological BT: Social concepts NT: Customs and traditions Etiquette Rules Standards RT: Conformity Cultural behaviour Cultural environment Habit Inhibitions Role Social control Social integration North Africa BT: Africa NT: Algeria Egypt Libya Morocco Tunisia RT: Arabic language Islam and education Mediterranean countries Middle East Muslims Western Sahara North America BT: Americas NT: Bermuda Canada Saint Pierre and Miquelon United States RT: Amerindian languages Central America Eskimos Native Americans North American studies North American studies UF: Canadian studies United States studies BT: Area studies RT: Amerindian languages Black studies Canada Hispanic Americans Latin American studies Mexican Americans Native Americans North America United States North Korea USE: Korea (North) North Yemen USE: Yemen (Arab Republic) Northern Ireland SN: Most works on the UK or British Isles should be sought by means of the appropriate subjects heading/s rather than geographical ones. BT: Great Britain RT: Ireland Irish people Irish studies Northern Mariana Islands BT: Micronesia RT: Islands Small states Norway BT: Scandinavia RT: Norwegian language Norwegian language BT: European languages Indo-European languages RT: Norway Notaries USE: Lawyers Notebook computers USE: Mobile technology Notice boards USE: Display boards Novels SN: Form term. Actual novels. For works about, Fiction is used. BT: [Form terms] NT: Crime novels Romance novels Science fiction novels RT: Short stories Nuclear energy UF: Atomic energy Nuclear power BT: Energy resources RT: Energy conservation Nuclear engineering Nuclear warfare Radioactivity Nuclear engineering BT: Engineering RT: Military engineering Nuclear energy Nuclear warfare Radioactivity Nuclear power USE: Nuclear energy Nuclear warfare BT: Military engineering War RT: Aerospace engineering Arms control Defence Nuclear energy Nuclear engineering Radioactivity Number systems UF: Arithmetic systems BT: Mathematics RT: Arithmetic Numeracy SN: Familiarity with the use of numbers or basic competence in mathematics. BT: Mathematics NT: Family numeracy RT: Arithmetic education Basic skills Basic subjects Core skills Literacy Mathematical ability Mathematics education Numeracy education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Mathematics education Numeracy testing USE: Testing Numeracy tests USE: Testing Numismatics SN: Study of coins, tokens and medals BT: History RT: Plastic arts Sigillography Nursery nursing BT: Nursing RT: Child minding Combined nursery centres Day nurseries Infants Nursery schools Playgroups Preschool children Preschool education Nursery rhymes BT: Folk literature RT: Children's literature Fairy tales Poetry Story telling Nursery schools SN: For children aged approximately 3-5 years. Used for any aspect of education applied specifically to these schools, not just management or buldings. UF: Kindergartens BT: Preschool settings RT: Child minding Combined nursery centres Day nurseries First schools Infant schools Nursery nursing Playgroups Young children Nurses BT: Medical personnel RT: Doctors Midwives Nursing Nursing education Nursing BT: Medical treatment NT: Nursery nursing RT: Health visiting Home care Hospices Hospitalised children Hospitals Nurses Nursing education Patients Rehabilitation Nursing education BT: Vocational education RT: Health education Human biology education Medical education Nurses Nursing Nutrition education Nurtural environment USE: Educational environment Nutrition BT: Health Physiology NT: Malnutrition RT: Breast feeding Eating disorders Famine Food Food resources Nutrition education Obesity Sports medicine Nutrition education BT: Health education RT: Catering studies Food Home economics education Malnutrition Medical education Nursing education Nutrition NVQs SN: National Vocational Qualifications: system of qualifications in England and Wales in terms of levels of competence in various work related activities, administered by a National Council. UF: National Vocational Qualifications BT: Qualifications NT: GNVQs RT: Business and education Business education liaison Curriculum relevance Employment and education Industry and education Industry education liaison Occupational requirements Training Vocational education Vocationalisation of education O level examinations BT: Examinations Obedience USE: Conformity Obesity SN: Includes both adults and children UF: Overweight adults Overweight children BT: Health RT: Exercise Food Heart disease Nutrition Objective testing SN: Assessment by tests with lists of predetermined correct answers to eliminate subjective influence from scoring. BT: Educational assessment NT: Multiple choice testing RT: Diagnostic testing Rating Standardised testing Objectives USE: Aims Obligation SN: Including works covering duty and obligation UF: Moral obligation BT: Moral concepts Social concepts RT: Accountability Duties Moral behaviour Responsibility Observation BT: Fieldwork RT: Ethnography Measures Qualitative research Obsessive–compulsive disorder USE: Obsessive compulsive disorder Obsessive compulsive disorder UF: Obsessive–compulsive disorder OCD BT: Disorders RT: Neuroses Obsolescence (bibliometrics) USE: Bibliometrics Obstetrics USE: Gynaecology Occupational change USE: Career change Occupational choice USE: Career choice Occupational health USE: Occupational safety and health Occupational psychology BT: Applied psychology NT: Industrial psychology RT: Career choice Career development Economic psychology Ergonomics Job satisfaction Occupational requirements Occupational safety and health Occupational sociology Productivity Occupational requirements SN: Skills and knowledge required to be provided by the educational system in prospective recruits to industrial or professional occupations in order to meet the needs of the industry or profession. UF: Job requirements Skills (occupational) BT: Occupations RT: Business and education Career choice Curriculum relevance Educational background Employment and education GNVQs Human capital and education Job evaluation Job expectation Labour market Labour shortages NVQs Occupational psychology School to work transition Occupational safety and health SN: Area of activities concerned with promoting comfortable, safe employment conditions, including the prevention of workplace accidents and diseases UF: Industrial safety and health Occupational health OSH BT: Safety Working conditions RT: Ergonomics Human computer interaction Occupational psychology Physiological effects Safety measures Occupational sociology BT: Sociology NT: Industrial sociology RT: Career choice Career development Economic sociology Human capital Informal economy Job satisfaction Labour market Labour shortages Occupational psychology Professional status Professions Occupational therapy BT: Psychotherapy RT: Art therapy Bibliotherapy Drama therapy Music therapy Play therapy Occupational training families USE: Basic training Occupations SN: For works about occupations or careers in a particular subject area. Used with appropriate subject term (not curriculum term). UF: Careers BT: Personnel NT: Administrative staff Advisers Domestic staff Local government officers Local government representatives Maintenance staff Occupational requirements Office workers Professions Secretarial work Specialists RT: Career choice Career development Careers education Careers teachers Employment Employment and education Job expectation Job satisfaction Occupied territories BT: [Geographical locations] International relations RT: Civil and political rights Coercion Colonialism Imperialism Oppression Palestinians War OCD USE: Obsessive compulsive disorder Oceanography UF: Marine science BT: Physical geography RT: Fisheries Hydrology Islands Marine biology Marine engineering Oceanography education Oceanography education BT: Geography education RT: Geology education Nautical studies Oceanography Office buildings USE: Offices Office services USE: Secretarial work Office studies SN: Curriculum subject. Education in office services subjects UF: Shorthand education Typing education BT: Management and industry studies RT: Business studies Computer education Desktop publishing Information technology Information technology education Library studies Office workers Offices Word processing Office workers UF: Clerical workers BT: Occupations RT: Administrative staff Local government officers Office studies Offices Secretarial work Offices UF: Office buildings BT: Buildings RT: Administrative staff Office studies Office workers Official publications UF: Government publications BT: Books RT: Government Historical documents Old age USE: Older adults Old people USE: Older adults Older adults UF: Aged Elderly Old age Old people Retired people Senior citizens BT: Adults RT: Age groups Ageing Geriatric psychology Grandparents Middle aged adults Pensions Retirement Retirement education Older children SN: Children approximately 8-13 years old BT: Children RT: Adolescents Age groups Junior schools Key stage 2 Lower secondary education Middle schools Middle years education Primary education Puberty Young children Olfactory perception USE: Smell Oman BT: Middle East RT: Arab countries Islamic countries Ombudsman BT: Government RT: Administrative law Civil and political rights Grievance procedures Maladministration Public administration Statutory bodies One parent children USE: Parentally deprived children One parent families SN: Used for works about sociology or economics of one parent families, not for psychological works on parental deprivation. UF: Lone parent families Lone parent family One parent family Single parent families Single parent family Sole parent families Sole parent family Solo parent families Solo parent family BT: Families RT: Divorce Family relations Marriage dissolution Maternally deprived children Parentally deprived children Paternally deprived children Unmarried fathers Unmarried mothers One parent family USE: One parent families One teacher schools BT: Schools RT: Mixed ability grouping Multiple classes Nongraded schools Rural education Small schools Vertical grouping One year courses BT: Courses RT: Educational leave Online information processing BT: Information handling automation RT: Bibliographic databases Computer mediated communication Computer networks (technical apsects) Databases Information technology Online information retrieval Online systems Online information retrieval UF: Online research Online searching BT: Information handling automation Information retrieval RT: Bibliographic databases CD-ROMs Computer mediated communication Databases Online information processing Online systems Videotex Online research USE: Online information retrieval Online searching USE: Online information retrieval Online systems BT: Computers RT: CD-ROMs Computer networks (technical apsects) Information systems Information technology Online information processing Online information retrieval Only children BT: Children Families RT: Birth order Siblings Onomatology USE: Terminology Ontology USE: Metaphysics Open air schools BT: Schools RT: Outdoor pursuits Ship schools Open colleges SN: Further education institutions with liberal admission policies that feature external study programmes and often non-traditional delivery systems. BT: Adult education institutions Further education institutions RT: Correspondence courses Distance education Educational broadcasting Educational radio Educational television Extension education Flexible study Home education Open enrolment Open universities Study centres for distance learners Summer schools Tutored video instruction Open education SN: Openness of teaching space and/or timetable and/or curriculum and/or pupil and teacher interaction. BT: Administration of education Curriculum RT: Classroom interaction Deschooling Integrated studies Interdisciplinary curriculum Learner centred curriculum Nongraded schools Open plan design Progressive education Resource based learning Team teaching Timetables Open enrollment USE: Open enrolment Open enrolment SN: Admission to an educational level (usually tertiary) regardless of qualifications or age UF: Open enrollment BT: Administration of education RT: Access programmes Admission Educational opportunity Enrolment Open colleges Open universities Open learning USE: Flexible study Open plan design BT: Building design RT: Classrooms Educational buildings Open education School buildings Space utilisation Open universities SN: Higher education institutions with liberal admission policies that feature external degree programmes and often use non-traditional delivery systems. UF: Universities of the air Universities without walls BT: Adult education institutions Universities RT: Correspondence courses Distance education Educational broadcasting Educational radio Educational television Extension education Flexible study Home education Open colleges Open enrolment Study centres for distance learners Summer schools Tutored video instruction Opera BT: Performing arts RT: Music Stage management Theatre Vocal music Operatic music USE: Vocal music Operations research SN: Application of scientific and mathematical principles to the analysis of operating procedures in an organisation or system BT: Applied research Management techniques NT: Decision theory (statistical) Game theory Network analysis RT: Academic games Estimation Evaluation Mathematical models Models Organisation development Performance Quality control Random processes Reliability engineering Systems analysis Work study Oppression UF: Persecution Political oppression BT: Social relationships RT: Civil and political rights Civil disobedience Coercion Cruelty Freedom Holocaust Liberation movements Minority groups Occupied territories Police brutality Political violence Power Racial harassment Slavery Social control Suffering Totalitarianism Optical data discs USE: CD-ROMs Optimism UF: Hope BT: Emotion Traits RT: Aspiration Happiness Opting out schools USE: Grant maintained schools Optional curriculum SN: Provision of optional subjects in curriculum. For choice of subjects by pupils or students, Subject choice is used. BT: Curriculum RT: Core curriculum Educational opportunity Enrichment (curriculum) Learner centred curriculum Modular courses National curriculum Subject choice Subject specialisation Unified curriculum Oracy SN: Skills of speech and listening BT: Communication skills Language and education RT: Basic skills Basic subjects Communicative competence Conversation education Language studies Listening education Literacy Oral composition Oral examinations Oral work Spoken language Oral communication USE: Speech Oral composition BT: Culture RT: Folk literature Narrative Oracy Oral culture Oral expression Oral work Spoken language Oral culture BT: Culture NT: Folklore Proverbs RT: Customs and traditions Folk literature Legends Mythology Narrative Oral composition Oral expression Oral history Poetry Primitive cultures Social anthropology Sociology of culture Spoken language Traditional cultures Oral examinations UF: Viva voce examinations BT: Examinations RT: Oracy Oral work Written examinations Oral expression BT: Speech RT: Acting Oral composition Oral culture Oral history Speech education Spoken language Vocal music Voice care Oral history BT: History RT: Documentary history Historiography Oral culture Oral expression Oral reading BT: Reading RT: Oral work Reading education Silent reading Spoken language Oral work BT: Study methods RT: Direct method (teaching) Discussions Oracy Oral composition Oral examinations Oral reading Questioning (teaching method) Written work Orchestral music USE: Instrumental music Orchestras UF: Bands (orchestral) BT: Musical performance RT: Instrumental music Music Musical conducting Musical instruments Organic chemistry BT: Chemistry RT: Biochemistry Inorganic chemistry Organisation development SN: Deliberate evaluation and improvement of the structure and effectiveness of an organisation UF: Organization development BT: Social action RT: Management development Management of change Management techniques Management theory Operations research Organisational behaviour Organisations Personnel management School improvement Systems analysis Total quality management Organisational behavior USE: Organisational behaviour Organisational behaviour UF: Organisational behavior Organizational behavior Organizational behaviour BT: Social behaviour RT: Administrative structure Bureaucracy Group behaviour Industrial democracy Industrial psychology Industrial relations Interpersonal relations Management theory Organisation development Staff student relations Organisations UF: Organizations BT: Groups NT: Associations Awards Ceremonies Clubs Committees Educational institutions Enterprises Government departments International organisations Missions Nongovernmental organisations Political parties Pressure groups Trusts Voluntary organisations Youth organisations RT: Bureaucracy Organisation development Organization development USE: Organisation development Organizational behavior USE: Organisational behaviour Organizational behaviour USE: Organisational behaviour Organizations USE: Organisations Oriental studies USE: Asian studies Orientation courses BT: Courses RT: Access programmes Bridging courses Foundation courses Refresher courses Retraining Originality USE: Creativity Ornithology USE: Birds Orphanages USE: Children in care Orphans BT: Families Parentally deprived children RT: Adopted children Children in care Deserted children Foster children Orthography USE: Spelling OSH USE: Occupational safety and health Other minds (philosophy) USE: Philosophy of mind Ought (moral concept) USE: Moral concepts Out of school education SN: Covers institutions, programmes and activities for out of school youth and extra-curricular activities for those in school BT: [Interaction between education and its social context] NT: Nonformal education Supplementary education RT: Adult education Basic education Community education Deschooling Home education Sunday schools Traditional education Youth work Outdoor education SN: Utilisation of the outdoor environment to promote experiential learning and enrich the curriculum BT: [Teaching and study] Outdoor pursuits UF: Camping Caving Hiking Mountaineering BT: Leisure activities RT: Aquatic sports Exercise Field centres Open air schools Outward bound schools Physical education Ship schools Outward bound schools BT: Schools RT: Field centres Outdoor pursuits Overseas students USE: International students Overweight adults USE: Obesity Overweight children USE: Obesity Oxford Certificate of Educational Achievement BT: Qualifications Pacific BT: [Geographical locations] NT: Melanesia Micronesia Polynesia RT: Americas Australasia Austronesian and Oceanic languages East Asia Islands Small states Southeast Asia Pacifism UF: Anti-war BT: Moral concepts RT: Ideology Peace Peace making Peace studies Social movements War Paediatrics SN: The branch of medicine that deals with the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents, and the age limit usually ranges from birth up to 18 (in some places until completion of secondary education). (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) UF: Pediatrics BT: Health services Medical sciences NT: Child psychiatry RT: Child development Child health Child welfare Children Growth Hospitalised children Perinatal risk Premature infants Pain BT: Sensory systems Suffering RT: Anaesthetics Corporal punishment Somaesthetic perception Touch Painting UF: Painting (visual arts) BT: Graphic arts RT: Drawing Graphic arts education Illustration Pictures Painting (visual arts) USE: Painting Painting education (art) USE: Graphic arts education Pakistan SN: Used also for works dealing with both parts of Pakistan, (West and East) before East Pakistan seceded in 1971 to become Bangladesh. BT: South Asia RT: Bangladesh Commonwealth of Nations Indic languages Indic studies Pakistanis Punjabi language Punjabi studies Urdu language Urdu studies Pakistanis BT: Asians RT: Minority groups Pakistan Punjabi language Punjabi studies Urdu language Urdu studies Palaeography SN: Study of manuscripts, with special reference to handwriting, scripts and writing systems UF: Paleography BT: History RT: Alphabets Archaeology Archives Bibliology Epigraphy Handwriting Writing Writing systems Palau BT: Micronesia RT: Islands Small states Paleography USE: Palaeography Palestine SN: Palestinian autonomous areas administered by the Palestine Liberation Organisation after the agreement of 1994-95. The Palestinian territories comprise the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) and the Gaza Strip. BT: Mediterranean countries Middle East RT: Arab countries Islamic countries Palestinians Palestinians SN: Palestinians in Israel occupied territories, or Palestinian diaspora BT: Ethnic groups RT: Arab countries Islamic countries Israel Israelis Jordan Occupied territories Palestine Panama BT: Central America RT: Latin America Panic USE: Fear Panjabi USE: Punjabi language Paper UF: Paper making Paper manufacture Paper science Papermaking BT: Technology RT: Book production Chemical technology Materials science Trees Paper making USE: Paper Paper manufacture USE: Paper Paper science USE: Paper Papermaking USE: Paper Papua New Guinea BT: Australasia Melanesia RT: Commonwealth of Nations Paracurriculum SN: Unstated norms, values and beliefs transmitted through the underlying educational structure. UF: Hidden curriculum Implicit values (education) Implicit values (educational) BT: Curriculum RT: Assemblies Educational environment Educational values Incidental learning Indoctrination Rules Paraguay BT: South America RT: Latin America Paramedical personnel UF: Paramedics BT: Medical personnel RT: Dentists Health visiting Paraprofessional personnel Physiotherapy Speech therapy Paramedics USE: Paramedical personnel Paraprofessional personnel UF: Paraprofessionals BT: Personnel NT: Student assistants Teaching assistants RT: Administrative staff Educational personnel Paramedical personnel Professions Technicians Paraprofessionals USE: Paraprofessional personnel Parapsychology SN: The term parapsychology (also known as psi phenomena) was coined in or around 1889 by philosopher Max Dessoir, and originates from para meaning "alongside", and psychology. The term was adopted by J.B. Rhine in the 1930s as a replacement for the term psychical research. Parapsychologists study a number of ostensibly paranormal phenomena, including telepathy, precognition, clairvoyance, psychokinesis, near-death experiences, reincarnation and apparitional experiences. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) UF: Metapsychics Precognition Psychokinesis Telepathy BT: Psychology RT: Hypnosis Illusions Magic Religion Suggestion Unconscious Parent and child SN: Relationship between parent and child UF: Parent child relationship BT: Families Family relations NT: Father and child Mother and child RT: Attachment Caregiving Child development Child rearing Childhood reminiscences Children's rights Dependence Educational environment Family life education Independence Parent education Parents Stepchildren Stepparents Parent attitudes UF: Parental attitudes BT: Attitudes Parents RT: Parent education Parent participation Parental choice Parents and schools Pupil attitudes Student attitudes Teacher attitudes Parent child relationship USE: Parent and child Parent choice USE: Parental choice Parent education SN: Education of actual or expectant parents in parenting and related matters. For parenthood education of children and young people Family life education is used. UF: Parenting classes Parenting education BT: Adult education NT: Antenatal education RT: Child rearing Family life education Father and child Home economics education Mother and child Parent and child Parent attitudes Parents' guides Parents and schools Parent involvement USE: Parent participation Parent participation SN: Active participation by parents in educational or related activities otherwise carried out by educational staff UF: Parent involvement Parental involvement Parental participation BT: Cooperation in education Parents and schools Participation RT: Democracy in education Home background Home education Parent attitudes Parent teacher organisations Pupil participation Teacher participation Parent school relationship USE: Parents and schools Parent teacher associations USE: Parent teacher organisations Parent teacher organisations UF: Parent teacher associations Parent teacher organizations PTA BT: Parents and schools RT: Community and education Democracy in education Parent participation Teacher participation Parent teacher organizations USE: Parent teacher organisations Parental attitudes USE: Parent attitudes Parental choice UF: Parent choice BT: Administration of education Choice RT: Educational vouchers Marketisation of education Parent attitudes Parents and schools Parental deprivation USE: Parentally deprived children Parental involvement USE: Parent participation Parental participation USE: Parent participation Parentally deprived children UF: One parent children Parental deprivation Single parent children BT: Children Psychosocial risk NT: Deserted children Maternally deprived children Orphans Paternally deprived children Runaways Stepchildren RT: Adopted children Attachment Divorce Family relations Foster children One parent families Parenting classes USE: Parent education Parenting education USE: Parent education Parents BT: Families NT: Fathers Mothers Parent attitudes RT: Father and child Grandparents Parent and child Parents' guides Stepparents Parents' guides SN: Form term. Used for works for parents explaining, for example, aspects of the educational system or how to bring up children (with or without special needs). BT: Guides RT: Parent education Parents Parents and schools SN: Maintenance and improvement of good relations between parents and the schools and teachers of their children UF: Parent school relationship BT: Social psychology of education Sociology of education NT: Parent participation Parent teacher organisations RT: Community and education Democracy in education Home background Parent attitudes Parent education Parental choice Special educational needs coordinators Teacher attitudes Teacher pupil relations Parish schools USE: Parochial schools Parliament USE: Legislature Parochial schools SN: Schools funded (or part-funded) by a parish. UF: Parish schools BT: Schools RT: Religious schools Roman Catholic schools Sunday schools Parole BT: Authority RT: Noncustodial punishment Prisoners Probation Rehabilitation Part time courses BT: Courses RT: County colleges Day release Evening schools Extension education Flexible study Half time schooling Part time employment Part time students Sandwich courses University extension Part time employment BT: Employment NT: Job sharing Part time teachers RT: Half time schooling Home employment Informal economy Men's employment Part time courses Part time students Reemployment Women's employment Part time students BT: Students RT: County colleges Day release Extension education Half time schooling Mature students Part time courses Part time employment Part time teachers Part time teachers SN: The term Lecturers is added for those teaching at tertiary or adult level. BT: Part time employment Teachers RT: Married teachers Part time students Supply teachers Visiting teachers Partial hearing BT: Hearing impairment RT: Auditory perception Communication difficulties Deafness Hearing Language difficulties Lipreading Partial vision UF: Partially sighted BT: Visual impairments RT: Blindness Sight Visual perception Partially sighted USE: Partial vision Participant observation SN: Research method in which the observer takes part in the activity or process being studied. Contrast Participatory research BT: Fieldwork Participation RT: Ethnography Participatory research Participation BT: Social psychology NT: Community participation Cultural participation Parent participation Participant observation Participatory research Political participation Public participation in planning Pupil participation Social participation Student participation Teacher participation Participatory research SN: Research method whereby the subjects being studied take a substantive part in the research. Contrast Participant observation BT: Fieldwork Participation RT: Participant observation Teacher participation Passive resistance USE: Civil disobedience Pastimes USE: Leisure activities Pastoral care SN: Systems and practices of tutorial guidance and liaison, especially in secondary schools, which may involve elements of any or all of educational, vocational and personal counselling, and social education BT: Social psychology of education NT: Counselling Educational guidance Mentoring Vocational guidance RT: Affective education Customer care Educational welfare House system Moral education Patents SN: A form of intellectual propety, a patent consists of a set of exclusive rights granted to an inventor (or his/her assignee) for a limited period of time in exchange for the public disclosure of an invention. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Property RT: Copyright Innovations Inventions Standards (specifications) Paternally deprived children BT: Parentally deprived children RT: Father and child Maternally deprived children One parent families Paternity provisions BT: Conditions of employment RT: Career break Childbirth Fathers Social security Pathology UF: Human pathology BT: Medical sciences NT: Disorders Psychopathology RT: Epidemiology Illness Immunology Microbiology Patients UF: Hospital patients BT: Medical treatment RT: Health visiting Home care Hospices Hospitals Illness Institutionalisation Nursing Rehabilitation Patriotism USE: Nationalism Patronage USE: Financial support Pattern perception UF: Form perception Pattern recognition (psychology) Shape perception BT: Perception RT: Discrimination learning Recognition Semiotics Signs Spatial perception Symbols Visual perception Pattern recognition (psychology) USE: Pattern perception Pay (wages) USE: Wages Peace BT: International relations RT: Arms control Defence Foreign relations International conflict International cooperation International organisations International understanding Pacifism Peace making Peace studies State security War Peace education USE: Peace studies Peace making BT: Conflict resolution International relations RT: Arms control International conflict Pacifism Peace Peace studies War Peace studies SN: Curriculum subject. UF: Peace education BT: International studies RT: Conflict resolution Human rights education Military studies Moral education Pacifism Peace Peace making Politics education Pediatrics USE: Paediatrics Peer evaluation SN: Evaluation of teaching or research proposals, programmes, facilities or courses, and monitoring and/or evaluation of their output and/or performance, by members of the academic or professional peer group. UF: Peer observation Peer review BT: Evaluation RT: Academic freedom Peer groups Peer tutoring Performance appraisal Peer groups BT: Social groups RT: Conformity Educational environment Friendship Group differences Interpersonal influence Peer evaluation Peer tutoring Social influence Socialisation Subcultures Peer observation USE: Peer evaluation Peer review USE: Peer evaluation Peer tutoring SN: Instructional assistance from one person to another, for example, from child to child in a classroom setting. BT: [Teaching and study] RT: Group work Independent study groups Monitorial system Peer evaluation Peer groups Student assistants Teaching assistants Tutoring Pegboards USE: Display boards Pensions UF: Superannuation BT: Conditions of employment RT: Older adults Retirement Social security Wages People's Democratic Republic of Korea USE: Korea (North) Perception UF: Sensation BT: Cognition Perceptual motor processes NT: Auditory perception Illusions Pattern perception Perceptual style Smell Somaesthetic perception Spatial perception Stimulus Subliminal perception Taste Time perception Touch Visual perception RT: Attention Epistemology Gestalt psychology Human information processing Perception of the environment USE: Environmental psychology Perceptual motor development SN: When applied to a particular age group, used with age group term (for example Prechool children), not with development term (for example Preschool development), unless the general development at that stage of life is also being discussed. UF: Motor development BT: Developmental psychology RT: Cognitive development Creative development Growth Perceptual motor disorders Perceptual motor learning Perceptual motor processes Perceptual motor skills Physical education Perceptual motor disorders UF: Developmental coordination disorder Dyspraxia Motor disorders Psychomotor disorders BT: Disorders NT: Cerebral palsy Clumsy children RT: Blindness Cognitive disorders Communication difficulties Conductive education Language difficulties Perceptual motor development Perceptual motor learning Perceptual motor processes Perceptual motor skills Physical mobility Sensory systems Visual impairments Perceptual motor learning UF: Motor learning BT: Learning RT: Multisensory learning Perceptual motor development Perceptual motor disorders Perceptual motor processes Perceptual motor skills Visual learning Perceptual motor processes UF: Motor processes BT: Psychology NT: Movement Perception Physical mobility RT: Brain hemisphere functions Lateral dominance Locomotory systems Neurolinguistics Neurology Neuropsychology Perceptual motor development Perceptual motor disorders Perceptual motor learning Perceptual motor skills Response Sensory systems Stimulus Perceptual motor skills UF: Motor skills BT: Skill NT: Visual literacy RT: Basic skills Perceptual motor development Perceptual motor disorders Perceptual motor learning Perceptual motor processes Self care skills Perceptual style UF: Field dependence / independence BT: Perception RT: Gestalt psychology Illusions Percussion instruments BT: Musical instruments Performance SN: Performance of educational (or other) systems, subsystems or institutions, judged especially on economic or managerial criteria such as throughput or efficiency. Contrast Quality of education. (For academic performance of pupils or students, Achievement is used. For general psychological works on human performance, Skill is used.) UF: Effectiveness Efficiency BT: Evaluation NT: School effectiveness RT: Cost effectiveness Errors Input-output analysis League tables Management techniques Operations research Performance appraisal Personal effectiveness Quality control Reliability Reliability engineering Teacher effectiveness Value added analysis Performance appraisal BT: Personnel management NT: Teacher appraisal RT: Evaluation Evaluation of education Peer evaluation Performance Performance indicators Productivity Work study Performance indicators SN: Managerial or financial statistics or other measures of the performance of institutions, services or systems. BT: Indicators Management techniques RT: Contract funding in education Cost effectiveness Educational output Financial administration Input-output analysis League tables Management information systems Performance appraisal Value added analysis Work study Performing arts UF: Dramatic arts BT: Arts NT: Acting Cinema Dance Musical performance Opera Puppetry Theatre RT: Artists Audiences Broadcasting Cultural activities Cultural participation Drama Drama education Perinatal risk SN: Any obstetric or related medical pre- or post-natal complication which may adversely affect the wellbeing or development of the child BT: Gynaecology RT: Childbirth Growth disorders Infant development Midwives Paediatrics Pregnancy Premature infants Prenatal development Sick children Periodicals SN: Form term. Used with Directories for lists. For works about, Serials is used. BT: [Form terms] RT: Serials Peripatetic teachers USE: Visiting teachers Permanent education USE: Lifelong education Persecution USE: Oppression Persia USE: Iran Persian language UF: Farsi BT: Asian languages Indo-European languages RT: Iran Persian studies Persian studies SN: Learning or teaching all aspects of Persian or Iranian language, life and culture. BT: Middle Eastern studies Modern languages education RT: Iran Persian language Person perception USE: Social perception Personal and social education USE: Social education Personal care skills USE: Self care skills Personal competence USE: Personal effectiveness Personal conflict SN: Inner conflict within a person's mind. BT: Mental disorders RT: Adjustment Choice Cognitive dissonance Decision Defence mechanisms Irrationality Personality disorders Rationality Schizophrenia Self regulation Personal construct theory BT: Psychological schools Theory RT: Hermeneutics Individual differences Personality Traits Personal contact USE: Social interaction Personal development USE: Personal effectiveness Personal effectiveness UF: Competence (personal) Personal competence Personal development BT: Developmental psychology RT: Ability Competency based education Performance Productivity Reflective practice Personal hygiene USE: Hygiene Personal identity USE: Self concept Personal observations SN: Form term. Personal and anecdotal accounts. BT: [Form terms] RT: Biographies Personal papers Personal organisers (computers) USE: Mobile technology Personal organizers (computers) USE: Mobile technology Personal papers BT: Primary documents RT: Biographies Personal observations Records Personal relations USE: Interpersonal relations Personal social services USE: Social services Personalised learning USE: Individualised instruction Personality UF: Character Disposition Temperament BT: Psychology NT: Individual differences Sex role Traits RT: Adjustment Affective psychology Humanistic psychology Personal construct theory Personality development Personality disorders Psychoanalysis Self concept Self perception Personality development SN: When applied to a particular age group, used with age group term (for example Preschool children) not with development term (for example Preschool development), unless the general development at that stage of life is also being discussed. BT: Developmental psychology NT: Resilience RT: Adjustment Affective education Cognitive development Creative development Dependence Emotional development Independence Moral development Personality Personality disorders Sexual development Personality disorders BT: Mental disorders RT: Autism Emotional and behavioural difficulties Personal conflict Personality Personality development Psychoses Schizophrenia Personality traits USE: Traits Personalized learning USE: Individualised instruction Personnel BT: [Labour and employment] NT: Communication personnel Computer personnel Cultural personnel Educational personnel Managers Medical personnel Occupations Paraprofessional personnel Professional personnel Scientific personnel Workers RT: Employers Personnel management UF: Human resources management BT: Management NT: Performance appraisal Recruitment RT: Conditions of employment Grievance procedures Industrial democracy Industrial psychology Industrial relations Labour studies Organisation development Total quality management Persuasion BT: Social relationships RT: Advertising Attitude change Coercion Interpersonal influence Pressure groups Propaganda Public opinion Social influence PERT USE: Network analysis Peru BT: South America RT: Latin America Pharmacy USE: Drugs Phenomenology SN: Philosophical study of the structures of subjective experience and consciousness. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Philosophical schools RT: Critical sociology Epistemology Ethnomethodology Existentialism Hermeneutics Idealism Metaphysics Philosophy of religion Philosophy of social science Symbolic interaction Philanthropists USE: Philanthropy Philanthropy UF: Philanthropists BT: Social action Philippines BT: East Asia Philosophical schools BT: Philosophy NT: Behaviourism Determinism Empiricism Evolutionism Existentialism Functionalism Holism Humanism Idealism Individualism Linguistic philosophy Logical positivism Materialism Naturalism Nihilism Phenomenology Positivism Poststructuralism Pragmatism Rationalism Realism Relativism Russian formalism Scepticism Structuralism Utilitarianism RT: Ideology Philosophy BT: Humanities NT: Aesthetics Conceptual analysis Epistemology Logic Metaphysics Moral philosophy Philosophical schools Philosophy of action Philosophy of education Philosophy of history Philosophy of language Philosophy of law Philosophy of mind Philosophy of religion Philosophy of science Philosophy of social science Political theory Rationality RT: History of ideas Ideology Philosophy education Theories Theory Philosophy education SN: Curriculum subject. UF: Philosophy studies BT: Humanities education RT: Cognitive process instruction Human rights education Philosophy Psychology education Religious education Theology education Philosophy of action SN: Philosophical action theory, or philosophy of action, is an area concerned with theories about the processes causing willful human bodily movements of more or less complex kind. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Philosophy NT: Intention RT: Behaviour Decision Determinism Free will Irrationality Moral philosophy Motivation Movement Philosophy of mind Philosophy of social science Reasoning Responsibility Speech acts Will Philosophy of education SN: Philosophy of education can refer to either the academic field of applied philosophy or to one of any educational philosophies that promote a specific type or vision of education and/or which examine the definition, goals and meaning of education. Although there is an overlap, philosophy of education should not be confused with educational theory, which is not defined specifically by the application of philosophy to questions in education. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Education Philosophy RT: Academic freedom Accountability Aims of education Authority Autonomy Child centred education Educational opportunity Educational theory Epistemology Indoctrination Liberal education Marxism and education Moral education Moral philosophy Philosophy of mind Philosophy of social science Radical education Religion and education Responsibility Right to education Role of education Socialism and education State and education Philosophy of history SN: The theoretical aspect of history. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Philosophy RT: Causality Epistemology Historiography History Philosophy of social science Philosophy of language SN: Philosophy of language is concerned with four central problems: the nature of meaning, language use, language cognition, and the relationship between language and reality. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Philosophy RT: Conceptual analysis Linguistic philosophy Linguistics Poststructuralism Psycholinguistics Semantics Speech acts Philosophy of law SN: Philosophy of law is a branch of philosophy and jurisprudence which studies basic questions about law and legal systems, such as "what is law?", "what are the criteria for legal validity?", "what is the relationship between law and morality?", and many other similar questions. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Law Philosophy RT: Civil and political rights Ethics Human rights Justice Legal theory Political theory Rights Social justice Philosophy of mathematics USE: Philosophy of science Philosophy of mind SN: Branch of philosophy that studies the nature of the mind, mental events, mental functions, mental properties, consciousness, and their relationship to the physical body, particularly the brain. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) UF: Mind and body (philosophy) Other minds (philosophy) BT: Philosophy RT: Artificial intelligence Behaviourism Consciousness Epistemology Free will Human nature Intention Materialism Metacognition Motivation Philosophy of action Philosophy of education Philosophy of religion Philosophy of social science Psychology Self concept Thinking Unconscious Will Philosophy of religion SN: Branch of philosophy concerned with questions regrading religion, including the nature and existence of God, the examination of religious experience, analysis of religious vocabulary and texts, and the relationship of religion and science. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Philosophy RT: Agnosticism Atheism Humanism Logical positivism Metaphysics Moral philosophy Mysticism Phenomenology Philosophy of mind Psychology of religion Rationalism Religion Religious systems Scepticism Theology Philosophy of science SN: Philosophy of science is concerned with all the assumptions, foundations, methods, implications of science, and with the use and merit of science. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) UF: Philosophy of mathematics Philosophy of technology BT: Philosophy RT: Causality Empiricism Epistemology History of science Philosophy of social science Realism Science Science ethics Scientific research Sociology of knowledge Sociology of science Philosophy of social science SN: Study of the logic and method of the social sciences, such as sociology, anthropology and political science. Philosophers of social science are concerned with the differences and similarities between the social and natural sciences, causal relationships between social phenomena, the possible existence of social laws, and the ontological significance of structure and agency. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Philosophy RT: Causality Epistemology Functionalism Hermeneutics Holism Human nature Individualism Marxism Naturalism Phenomenology Philosophy of action Philosophy of education Philosophy of history Philosophy of mind Philosophy of science Positivism Poststructuralism Realism Relativism Social sciences Sociology of knowledge Structuralism Philosophy of technology USE: Philosophy of science Philosophy studies USE: Philosophy education Phone conference USE: Teleconferencing Phone conferencing USE: Teleconferencing Phonetics SN: Study and classification of speech sounds, including their production, transmission and perception UF: Phonology BT: Linguistics RT: Dialects Morphology (linguistics) Phonics Speech Spoken language Phonics SN: Study of sound-letter relationships in reading and spelling and the use of this knowledge in recognising and pronouncing words. Phonics is a method for teaching reading and writing the English language by developing learners' phonemic awareness - the ability to hear, identify and manipulate phonemes - in order to teach the correspondence between these sounds and the spelling patterns (graphemes) that represent them. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). UF: Inductive phonics Synthetic phonics BT: [Literacy, reading and writing] Language and education RT: Phonetics Reading education Real books approach Sight method Phonology USE: Phonetics Photographs SN: Form term. Books of photographs. For works about photographs, Photography is used. BT: [Form terms] RT: Photography Pictures Photography UF: Digital photography BT: Reproductive arts NT: Aerial photography Cinematography Space photography RT: Graphic arts Microforms Photographs Projectors Physical anthropology USE: Anthropology Physical awkwardness (children) USE: Clumsy children Physical chemistry BT: Chemistry RT: Physics Physical development USE: Growth Physical disability UF: Physically handicapped BT: Disability NT: Hearing impairment Visual impairments RT: Communication difficulties Physical education BT: Health education RT: Athletics Exercise Growth Gymnasia Gymnastics Human biology education Leisure services studies Movement Movement studies Outdoor pursuits Perceptual motor development Sports coaching Physical geography BT: Geography NT: Geomorphology Hydrology Meteorology Oceanography RT: Ecology Geology Natural environment Soil science Physical mobility SN: Individual's ability to move within his or her immediate environment BT: Perceptual motor processes RT: Conductive education Disability Exercise Locomotory systems Movement Multiple disabilities Perceptual motor disorders Physiotherapy Prosthetics Physical restraint BT: Authority Physical sciences SN: The physics and chemistry of nature. BT: Science NT: Chemistry Materials science Physics RT: Physical sciences education Physical sciences education SN: Education in physics and chemistry, together or separately BT: Science education NT: Chemistry education Physics education RT: Integrated science studies Physical sciences Physical therapy USE: Physiotherapy Physically handicapped USE: Physical disability Physicians USE: Doctors Physics UF: Dynamics Geodynamics Matter BT: Physical sciences NT: Colour Electricity Fire Heat Light Magnetism Mechanics Radioactivity Sound Time RT: Physical chemistry Physics education Physics (examination subject) BT: Science (examination subject) NT: Heat (examination subject) Mechanics (examination subject) Physics education BT: Physical sciences education RT: Chemistry education Physics Physiological effects SN: Physical effects of, for example, electricity, chemicals, heat, pressure, radiation, vibrations, and weightlessness on the human body. UF: Fatigue (physiology) Human body environmental effects Stress physiology BT: Human biology RT: Human ecology Occupational safety and health Physiological psychology Physiology Public health Sports medicine Physiological psychology UF: Psychophysiology BT: Psychology NT: Neuropsychology RT: Anatomy Growth Physiological effects Physiology Psychosomatic disorders Physiology SN: Study of the normal functions of the body BT: Biology NT: Ergonomics Growth Life cycle Nutrition Reproduction RT: Anatomy Locomotory systems Medical sciences Morphology (biology) Neurology Physiological effects Physiological psychology Physiotherapy UF: Physical therapy BT: Medical treatment RT: Locomotory systems Paramedical personnel Physical mobility Sports medicine Physique BT: Anatomy RT: Growth Growth disorders Morphology (biology) Picketing USE: Industrial conflict Pictorial arts USE: Graphic arts Picture books SN: Used for works about books (normally but not necessarily for children) in which illustrations are essential to the presentation, either coordinated closely with the text or used alone without text. THIS IS NOT A FORM TERM. BT: Books Children's literature RT: Illustration Pictures SN: Form term. Books (largely) of pictures; for works about picture books, Picture books, Drawing or Painting are used. UF: Posters Wallcharts BT: [Form terms] RT: Drawing Illustration Painting Photographs Pidgins SN: A pidgin is a simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common.(Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). BT: Modern languages RT: Colloquial language Creoles Cultural contact Dialects Sociolinguistics Vernacular languages Pitcairn Islands BT: Polynesia RT: Islands Small states Place names BT: Cultural geography RT: Communities Etymology Morphology (linguistics) Vocabulary Placements (professional) USE: Secondment Plagiarism BT: Social problems RT: Cheating Copyright Ethics Planning BT: Management Social action NT: Cooperative planning Environmental planning RT: Decision making Forecasting Management by objectives Public participation in planning Systems analysis Planning education USE: Planning studies Planning studies UF: Planning education BT: Management and industry studies RT: Civil engineering education Environmental education Environmental planning Geography education Plant biology USE: Botany Plants BT: Botany NT: Trees RT: Agriculture Botany education Classification Conservation of nature Forestry Gardening Gardens Horticulture Plants (teaching aids) Plants (teaching aids) BT: Learning resources RT: Botany Botany education Plants Plastic arts BT: Fine arts NT: Pottery Sculpture RT: Art therapy Artists Children's art Design and technology education Handicrafts Metalwork education Numismatics Pottery education Sculpture education Sigillography Play BT: Leisure activities NT: Toys RT: Activity methods Children's games Educational games Indoor games Leisure Play leaders Play therapy Playgrounds Playgroups Puppetry Play groups USE: Playgroups Play leaders BT: Educational personnel RT: Play Play therapy Playgrounds Playgroups Teaching assistants Youth leaders Play therapy BT: Psychotherapy RT: Art therapy Child psychotherapy Drama therapy Educational games Music therapy Occupational therapy Play Play leaders Toys Playgrounds UF: Adventure playgrounds BT: Educational facilities Leisure facilities RT: Play Play leaders Playing fields Sports facilities Playgroups UF: Mother and toddler clubs Play groups BT: Preschool settings RT: Child minding Combined nursery centres Day nurseries First schools Infant schools Nursery nursing Nursery schools Play Play leaders Young children Playhouse USE: Theatre Playing fields BT: Sports facilities RT: Playgrounds Sport Plays SN: Form term. Actual plays. For works about plays, Drama is used. BT: [Form terms] RT: Drama Entertainment Theatre Pleasure UF: Enjoyment BT: Emotion RT: Happiness Satisfaction PMLD USE: Multiple learning difficulties Podcasts USE: Social media Poems SN: Form term. Actual poetry. For works about poems, Poetry is used. BT: [Form terms] RT: Poetry Poetics USE: Literary composition Poetry SN: Used for works about poetry; for actual poetry Poems is used. BT: Literary forms and genres RT: Folk literature Nursery rhymes Oral culture Poems Poets Prose Poetry and movement studies USE: Movement studies Poets BT: Writers RT: Poetry Poisons USE: Toxic substances Poland BT: Eastern Europe RT: Poles Polish language Polish studies Polar regions BT: [Geographical locations] NT: Antarctica Arctic regions Poles UF: Polish people BT: Ethnic groups RT: Poland Polish language Polish studies Police BT: Law enforcement NT: Police brutality RT: Armed forces Civil disobedience Civil disturbances Crime Crime prevention Criminology Detention Police education State security Police brutality SN: Including alleged brutality. BT: Police Social problems RT: Coercion Maladministration Oppression Police education UF: Police studies BT: Vocational education RT: Criminology Legal education Police Public administration studies Police studies USE: Police education Policy BT: Aims NT: Colonial policy Cultural policy Economic policy Educational policy Government policy Science policy Social policy RT: Policy implementation Policy making Policy studies Policy formation USE: Policy making Policy implementation BT: Management RT: Educational policy making Executive Government policy Policy Policy making Policy studies Policy making SN: Emphasis on policy formulation, negotiation with interest groups and similar aspects. UF: Policy formation BT: Management Social action RT: Cooperative planning Decision making Educational policy making Government policy Legislature Policy Policy implementation Policy studies Pressure groups Policy studies SN: Curriculum subject. Policy studies is the combination of policy analysis and programme evaluation. It involves systematically studying the nature, causes and effects of alternative public policies, with particular emphasis on determining the policies that will achieve given goals. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). BT: Management and industry studies RT: Development studies International studies Management studies Policy Policy implementation Policy making Politics education Public administration studies Polish language BT: European languages Indo-European languages RT: Poland Poles Polish studies Polish people USE: Poles Polish studies SN: Learning or teaching all aspects of Polish language, life and culture. BT: East European studies Modern languages education RT: Poland Poles Polish language Political attitudes SN: Including development of such attitudes in children. BT: Attitudes Political sociology RT: Elections Political participation Political parties Politicians Political behavior USE: Political sociology Political behaviour USE: Political sociology Political development SN: Used of political entities, i.e. regions and countries. BT: Politics NT: Decolonisation Democratisation RT: Comparative politics Democracy Developing countries Development education Development studies Economic and social development Labour movement Liberation movements Political history Political science Political sociology Social change Political doctrines USE: Political theory Political economy USE: Economics Political ethics SN: Ethics in politics, not moral principles of political obligation BT: Ethics Political theory RT: Politicians Politics Professional ethics Political geography BT: Human geography RT: Economic geography International conflict International relations Political science Political sociology Population Political history BT: History RT: Economic history Political development Political parties Political science Political sociology Politicians Politics Social history Political leadership BT: Leadership Politics RT: Elites Political parties Politicians Power Political oppression USE: Oppression Political participation BT: Participation Political sociology RT: Community participation Democracy Democracy in education Democratisation Devolution Elections Local government representatives Political attitudes Pressure groups Public participation in planning Social action Social participation Student politics Suffrage Political parties BT: Organisations Politics RT: Elections Labour movement Liberation movements Political attitudes Political history Political leadership Political sociology Politicians Pressure groups Social movements Political philosophy USE: Political theory Political science SN: Social science dealing with government and policies. Not used for works about actual politics. BT: Social sciences NT: Government International relations Political theory Politics RT: Political development Political geography Political history Political sociology Politics education Political sociology UF: Political behavior Political behaviour BT: Politics Sociology NT: Political attitudes Political participation RT: Comparative sociology Left (political) Liberation movements Political development Political geography Political history Political parties Political science Political violence Power Pressure groups Right (political) Social movements Political studies USE: Politics education Political systems USE: Comparative politics Political theory UF: Political doctrines Political philosophy BT: Philosophy Political science Theory NT: Anarchism Authoritarianism Capitalism Chartism Colonialism Communism Conservatism Feudalism Imperialism Liberalism Nationalism Political ethics Radicalism Social democracy Socialism Totalitarianism Utopia RT: Constitutional law Democracy Ideology Philosophy of law Utilitarianism Political violence BT: Politics NT: Civil disturbances Civil war Revolution RT: Liberation movements Oppression Political sociology Social conflict Student unrest Violence Politicians UF: Congressmen Deputies (political) Members of Parliament Senators BT: Politics Professional personnel RT: Legislature Local government representatives Political attitudes Political ethics Political history Political leadership Political parties Politics UF: Domestic politics Internal politics BT: Political science NT: Elections Left (political) Political development Political leadership Political parties Political sociology Political violence Politicians Politics and education Right (political) Suffrage RT: Political ethics Political history Politics and education BT: Education Politics NT: Socialism and education Student politics RT: Administration of education Control of education Democracy in education Educational interdependence Educational policy Educational policy making State and education State intervention Politics education SN: Curriculum subject UF: Political studies BT: Social science education RT: Citizenship education Controversial issues (subject matter) Development studies Human rights education International studies Peace studies Policy studies Political science Pollution BT: Environmental sciences RT: Natural environment Pollution control Radioactivity Toxic substances Pollution control BT: Environmental management NT: Toxic substances RT: Conservation of nature Pollution Public health Radioactivity Safety measures Sanitation Water treatment Polyglotism USE: Multilingualism Polynesia BT: Pacific NT: American Samoa Cook Islands French Polynesia Niue Pitcairn Islands Samoa Tokelau Tonga Wallis and Futuna Islands RT: Islands Melanesia Micronesia Small states Western Samoa Polytechnical education SN: Specific to Communist bloc era Eastern Europe (i.e. before c. 1990). Combining teaching and learning about economic production with practical work experience, with the aim of preparing youth for life of productive labour. BT: Cooperation in education RT: Business education liaison Education for working life Education with production Employment and education Industry education liaison Polytechnics Practical training School to work transition Technical education Polytechnics BT: Higher education institutions RT: Advanced further education Central institutions Colleges of higher education Liberal arts colleges Polytechnical education Teacher education colleges Technical colleges Technological institutes University colleges Vocational colleges Poor USE: Poverty Poor people USE: Poverty Pop music BT: Music RT: Electronic music Folk music Jazz Popular culture Songs Popular culture BT: Arts and culture RT: Biculturalism Cultural behaviour Cultural environment Cultural participation Cultural pluralism Mass communication Mass media Pop music Popular literature Sociology of culture Subcultures Working class Popular literature UF: Best sellers BT: Literary forms and genres NT: Comics Crime fiction Romance fiction Science fiction RT: Fiction Humour (literary) Popular culture Population UF: Demography BT: Sociology NT: Age groups Birth rate Educational population Men Mortality Women RT: Census Eugenics Family planning education Human geography Migration Political geography Population education USE: Family planning education Population migration USE: Migration Population statistics USE: Census Pornography SN: The explicit portrayal of sexual subject matter for the purpose of sexual gratification. Pornography may use a variety of media, including books, magazines, postcards, photos, sculpture, drawing, painting, animation, sound recording, film, video, and video games. The term applies to the depiction of the act rather than the act itself, and so does not include live exhibitions like sex shows and striptease. Pornography is often distinguished from erotica, which consists of the portrayal of sexuality with high-art aspirations, focusing also on feelings and emotions, while pornography involves the depiction of acts in a sensational manner, with the entire focus on the physical act, so as to arouse quick intense reactions. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). BT: Sexuality RT: Censorship Erotica Sexual practices Portable computers USE: Mobile technology Portage system SN: Used for pupils with special educational needs. BT: Teaching systems Ports BT: Human geography Portugal BT: Western Europe RT: Hispanic studies Portuguese language Portuguese studies Portuguese language BT: European languages Indo-European languages RT: Brazil Latin America Latin American studies Portugal Portuguese speaking Africa Portuguese studies Portuguese speaking Africa UF: Lusophone Africa BT: Africa RT: Angola Cape Verde Guinea-Bissau Mozambique Portuguese language Portuguese studies São Tome and Principe Portuguese studies SN: Learning or teaching all aspects of Portuguese language, life and culture. BT: Hispanic studies RT: Brazil Portugal Portuguese language Portuguese speaking Africa Positivism SN: A philosophy of science based on the view that information derived from logical and mathematical treatments and reports of sensory experience is the exclusive source of all authoritative knowledge. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). BT: Philosophical schools RT: Empiricism Functionalism Logical positivism Philosophy of social science Pragmatism Realism Post-compulsory education management USE: Educational management Post-graduate education USE: Postgraduate education Post-graduate study Post experience training USE: Inservice training Postcompulsory education USE: Tertiary education Posters USE: Pictures Postgraduate education SN: Postgraduate education (or graduate education in North America) involves learning and studying for degrees, professional or academic certificates, or other qualifications for which a first or Bachelor's degree generally is required, and it is normally considered to be part of higher education. In North America, this level is generally referred to as graduate school. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) UF: Graduate education Post-graduate education BT: Higher education RT: Diplomas Graduate employment Graduates Research students Theses and dissertations (examination method) Undergraduate courses Postgraduate employment USE: Graduate employment Postmodernism SN: Describes the postmodernist movement in the arts, its set of cultural tendencies and associated cultural movements. It is in general the era that follows Modernism. It frequently serves as an ambiguous overarching term for sceptical interpretations of culture, literature, art, philosophy, economics, architecture, fiction, and literary criticism. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). BT: Aesthetics RT: Art styles Contemporary art Cultural change Modern art Modernism Postsecondary education USE: Tertiary education Poststructuralism SN: Theory arising from the basic principle that one cannot apprehend reality without the intervention of language. Poststructuralist theory prioritises the study of language or texts. Particularly associated with the work of Derrida BT: Philosophical schools RT: Linguistics Philosophy of language Philosophy of social science Structuralism Postwar education SN: History of education in the post war period. Used (in addition to History of education) in the context of Europe (including the Soviet Union), United States, Japan and Australasia; or for other countries or regions only in the context of postwar reconstruction. BT: History of education RT: Decolonisation of education Reconstruction of education Pottery UF: Earthenware BT: Plastic arts Technology RT: Pottery education Pottery education BT: Art education RT: Children's art Design and technology education Handicrafts Plastic arts Pottery Poverty SN: Used when the focus is on the macro-economic social problem and approaches to it, say from government, or in society as a whole. Used also when economic aspects of children are discussed, e.g. re school clothing or meals. For general works on the social, cultural or educational implications for children, Disadvantage is used. UF: Poor Poor people BT: Disadvantage Economic conditions RT: Family problems Homelessness Malnutrition Rural development Social security Standard of living Unemployment Wealth Power BT: Social relationships NT: Authority RT: Coercion Elites Leadership Oppression Political leadership Political sociology Social control Social status Social stratification Upper class Power elite USE: Elites Power resources USE: Energy resources PPP USE: Public-private partnership Practical examinations BT: Examinations RT: Experiments (lessons) Practical skills education Practical studies Practical training Practical skills education SN: Curriculum in practical skills BT: [Subjects of instruction] RT: Basic skills Design and technology education Home economics education Metalwork education Needlework education Practical examinations Practical studies Skill Vocationalisation of education Woodwork education Practical studies SN: Study method in curriculum subjects BT: Study methods RT: Activity methods Demonstrations (lessons) Experiential learning Experiments (lessons) Fieldwork Laboratories Practical examinations Practical skills education Practical training Workshops Practical training SN: Part of a training course (in contrast to Job training), but under actual operational conditions. BT: Training NT: Teaching practice RT: Education with production Experiential learning Job training Polytechnical education Practical examinations Practical studies Reflective practice Practice teaching USE: Teaching practice Practitioner research SN: Academic or workplace research such as evaluation performed by individuals who also work in a professional field as opposed to being full-time academic researchers. BT: Research methods Pragmatics SN: Study of the aspects of meaning in language that are related to the use of language in a natural context. BT: Semantics NT: Speech acts RT: Communication psychology Communication skills Communicative competence Conversation Functional grammar Idioms Interpersonal communication Social interaction Sociolinguistics Spoken language Pragmatism SN: A philosophical tradition centred on the linking of practice and theory. It describes a process where theory is extracted from practice, and applied back to practice to form what is called intelligent practice. BT: Philosophical schools RT: Linguistic philosophy Positivism Semantics Truth Prayer BT: Religious practice RT: Meditation Pre-school children USE: Preschool children Pre-school development USE: Preschool development Pre-school education USE: Preschool education Pre-school settings USE: Preschool settings Pre-verbal communication schedule UF: PVCS BT: Testing Precognition USE: Parapsychology Prediction USE: Forecasting Pregnancy BT: Reproduction RT: Abortion Antenatal education Birth rate Childbirth Embryology Family planning Fertilisation Gynaecology Maternity provisions Midwives Perinatal risk Prenatal development Surrogacy Prehistoric religions USE: Primitive religions Prehistory SN: Prehistory is the span of time before recorded history or the invention of writing systems. More broadly it refers to all the time preceding human existence and the invention of writing BT: History RT: Ancient history Anthropology Primitive cultures Social anthropology Prejudice UF: Intolerance BT: Social concepts NT: Discrimination RT: Attitudes Authoritarianism Bias Cultural bias Hate Heterosexism Ideology Racism Rejection Sexism Stereotyping Tolerance Premature infants UF: Low birth weight BT: Infants RT: Childbirth Growth disorders Paediatrics Perinatal risk Premodern languages SN: Languages not currently spoken. BT: Languages NT: Greek language (classical) Latin language Prenatal development BT: Child development Growth RT: Childbirth Embryology Gynaecology Infant development Perinatal risk Pregnancy Reproduction Prep schools USE: Preparatory schools Preparatory schools SN: British independent schools for pupils of primary or middle school age, preparatory to entry into independent secondary schools. UF: Prep schools BT: Independent schools Primary schools RT: Boarding schools Private education Preparedness USE: Readiness Preretirement education USE: Retirement education Preschool children UF: Pre-school children BT: Children NT: Infants RT: Nursery nursing Preschool development Preschool education Young children Preschool development SN: Development of children aged approximately 0-5 years UF: Pre-school development BT: Child development NT: Infant development RT: Birth season Early childhood development Preschool children Preschool education Readiness Preschool education SN: Including general works on preschool education and childcare at the preschool stage. For works specifically about arrangements for child care at this age, Child care and Preschool children are used. UF: Pre-school education BT: Early childhood education NT: Child care Foundation stage RT: Child minding First schools Infant schools Nursery nursing Preschool children Preschool development Preschool settings SN: Management and buildings aspects only - otherwise Preschool education is used. UF: Pre-school settings BT: Educational institutions NT: Combined nursery centres Day nurseries Nursery schools Playgroups Preservice teacher education USE: Teacher education Presessional courses USE: Access programmes Presidents (college/university) USE: Directors (academic) Press BT: Mass media RT: Journalism Media studies News media Newspapers Printing Publishing Serials Pressure groups UF: Interest groups BT: Organisations RT: Community participation Ethnic groups Minority groups Persuasion Policy making Political participation Political parties Political sociology Propaganda Public opinion Social movements Social protest Social reform Student politics Preventive medicine BT: Health services Medical sciences NT: Contact tracing Epidemiology Immunisation Medical inspection RT: Dental health services Health centres Health promotion Health visiting Primary health care Screening Prevocational education SN: Post-school, and focused on the work situation. The joint responsibility of education and training services, it includes education in basic social and life skills. A 16-19 age context is assumed. UF: Unified vocational preparation Vocational preparation BT: [Subjects of instruction] RT: Basic education Basic skills Basic training CPVE Education for working life Education with production School leavers School to work transition Sixteen to nineteen education Technical education YTS Priests (clergy) USE: Ministers of religion Primary documents BT: Learning resources NT: Newspapers Personal papers Records Primary education SN: Level of education covering age approximately 5-11 years UF: Elementary education BT: Levels of education RT: Early childhood education Junior schools Middle years education Older children Primary schools Universal primary education Young children Primary health care SN: First line of defence UF: Community health care General practice BT: Health services RT: Health centres Health education Health visiting Hygiene Medical treatment Preventive medicine Primary schools SN: Management and buildings aspects only - otherwise Primary education is used. UF: Elementary schools BT: Schools NT: First schools Infant schools Junior schools Preparatory schools RT: Middle schools Primary education Primates SN: Including humans. BT: Animals RT: Comparative psychology Primitive cultures BT: Culture RT: Anthropology Comparative psychology Cross cultural psychology Cultural history Cultural identity Cultural isolation Oral culture Prehistory Primitive religions Social anthropology Sociology of culture Traditional cultures Primitive religions UF: Animism Fetishism Prehistoric religions Totemism BT: Religious systems RT: Ancient religions Magic Mythology Primitive cultures Principals (academic) USE: Directors (academic) Principals (school) USE: Head teachers Printing UF: Typography BT: Reproductive arts Technology RT: Book production Copy preparation Graphic arts Graphic design Illustration Press Publishing Prior learning SN: Formal or informal learning occurring before starting a particular course or programme, and the practice of accrediting or assessing it to award credit for knowledge already attained. UF: Accreditation of prior learning Assessment of prior learning BT: Learning RT: Access programmes Admission Educational background Educational credits Employment experience Experiential learning Lifelong education Prisoners BT: Social groups RT: Delinquency Institutionalisation Parole Prisons Prisons UF: Gaols Jails BT: Detention RT: Delinquency Detention centres Prisoners Privacy BT: Civil and political rights RT: Censorship Freedom of expression Freedom of information Journalism Secrecy Private education BT: Private enterprises Private sector State and education RT: Alternative education Boarding schools Grammar schools Independent schools Marketisation of education Preparatory schools State education Private education organisations USE: Voluntary educational bodies Private education organizations USE: Voluntary educational bodies Private educational organisations USE: Voluntary educational bodies Private educational organizations USE: Voluntary educational bodies Private enterprises BT: Enterprises NT: Private education RT: Cooperatives Multinational enterprises Private sector Privatisation Public enterprises Private schools USE: Independent schools Private sector BT: Economic structure NT: Private education RT: Capitalism Private enterprises Privatisation Public sector Private study USE: Individual study Private tuition USE: Tutoring Privatisation SN: Denationalisation; passing of organisations or enterprises to the private sector UF: Denationalisation Denationalization Privatization BT: Economic structure RT: Contracting out services Economic policy Marketisation of education Private enterprises Private sector Public enterprises State intervention Privatization USE: Privatisation Prizes USE: Awards Probability UF: Chance Statistical probability BT: Statistics NT: Game theory Random processes RT: Estimation Gambling Probability education Ratio Risk taking Statistical distributions Statistical inference Probability education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Mathematics education RT: Probability Statistical education Probation BT: Authority RT: Attendance centres Intermediate treatment Noncustodial punishment Parole Rehabilitation Probation and induction SN: Period of approved service for newly trained teachers before they reach qualified teacher status BT: Teachers RT: Articled teachers Inservice teacher education Licensed teachers Probationary teachers Professional tutors Supervision Teacher appraisal Teacher development Teacher education Teacher supply Teaching practice Teaching profession Tenure Probationary teachers SN: Although the only definition in legislation refers to a period of twelve months, the term is commonly used to refer to a teacher who has not yet completed a period of induction. While for teachers who are employed full-time, this period is one year, part-time employees may take several years to complete induction. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) UF: Newly qualified teachers BT: Teachers RT: Inservice teacher education Licensed teachers Probation and induction Teacher education Problem focused research USE: Applied research Problem solving BT: Cognition RT: Artificial intelligence Cognitive process instruction Decision making Diagnostic teaching Human information processing Intelligence Logic Procedural knowledge Reflective practice Tasks (learning) Thinking Procedural knowledge SN: Knowledge of appropriate rules, algorithms or procedures for carrying out tasks or solving problems, involving the ability to put them into practice. BT: Knowledge RT: Cognitive style Judgment Problem solving Reasoning Reflective practice Tasks (learning) Production engineering BT: Engineering RT: Machine tools Manufacturing industries Materials science Workshops Productivity BT: Economic conditions RT: Industrial design Occupational psychology Performance appraisal Personal effectiveness Work study Working conditions Professional associations BT: Associations RT: Collective bargaining Educational associations Learned societies Professional status Professions Teaching profession Trade unions Voluntary organisations Professional education USE: Vocational education Professional ethics BT: Ethics RT: Academic freedom Impartiality Medical ethics Political ethics Professional standards Science ethics Teaching profession Professional personnel BT: Personnel NT: Engineers Historians Ministers of religion Politicians Psychologists Researchers Social scientists Social workers RT: Communication personnel Managers Specialists Professional standards BT: Professions Standards RT: Charters (specified standards) Professional ethics Professional status Qualifications Quality of education Reflective practice Teaching profession Professional status BT: Professions RT: Occupational sociology Professional associations Professional standards Social status Teacher role Teaching profession Tuition fees Professional tutors SN: Experienced teachers fulfilling the role of supervisor, tutor or mentor to student, probationary, articled, licensed or similar teachers as part of a programme of school-based teacher education, induction or teacher development. UF: Mentors (teacher education) Teacher tutors BT: Advisory teachers RT: Articled teachers College school cooperation Inservice teacher education Licensed teachers Probation and induction School based programmes Supervision Teaching practice Professions BT: Occupations NT: Caring professions Legal profession Medical profession Professional standards Professional status Teaching profession RT: Occupational sociology Paraprofessional personnel Professional associations Professors SN: Most senior rank of lecturers or teaching staff at the tertiary level, especially in universities. BT: Lecturers RT: Directors (academic) Heads of departments Tenure Profiles in education UF: Education profiles Educational profiles Pupil profiles Records of achievement Student profiles BT: Educational records RT: Achievement Continuous assessment Examinations Marking Qualifications Profound learning difficulties SN: Children with an intellectual impairment, usually organically caused, who generally function less than one fifth the level to be expected for their chronological age BT: Severe learning difficulties RT: Multiple learning difficulties Profound/multiple learning difficulties USE: Multiple learning difficulties Programmed instruction SN: Typically consists of self-teaching with the aid of a specialized textbook or teaching machine that presents material structured in a logical and empirically developed sequence or sequences BT: Instructional materials RT: Computer assisted learning Individualised instruction Instructional design Interactive video in education Programmed materials Sequential learning Teaching machines Programmed materials BT: Instructional materials RT: Programmed instruction Programmes UF: Programs BT: Social action NT: School based programmes RT: Educational development Programming languages USE: Computer languages Programs USE: Programmes Progressive education SN: Educational movement based on commitment to democratic ideals, creative and purposeful activities, receptivity to student needs and interaction with the community. BT: Education RT: Child centred education Experimental schools Liberal education Open education Radical education Project management SN: An exercise involving a team in the completion of a specific task within a given time BT: Management RT: Management by objectives Research projects Project method USE: Projects (teaching method) Projections USE: Forecasts Projectors BT: Equipment RT: Audiovisual instruction Chalkboards Cinematography Photography Projects (teaching method) UF: Project method Pupil projects Student projects BT: Teaching methods RT: Activity methods Topic method Proletariat USE: Working class Promotion (job) BT: Career development RT: Staff development Proof correction USE: Copy preparation Propaganda UF: Psychological warfare BT: Mass communication RT: Cartoons Communication psychology Indoctrination Persuasion Pressure groups Public opinion Property UF: Property law Real property BT: Law NT: Copyright Patents RT: Capitalism Contracts Housing Land economics Property law USE: Property Proposal writing SN: Preparing a statement of proposed subject matter and research methods in applying for research finance or approval of a research or study topic UF: Research proposals BT: Research Writing RT: Contract funding in education Grants Report writing Research finance Research projects Theses and dissertations (examination method) Prose SN: A form of language which applies ordinary grammatical structure and natural flow of speech rather than rhythmic structure (as in traditional poetry). (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). BT: Literary forms and genres RT: Drama Poetry Prosocial behavior USE: Prosocial behaviour Prosocial behaviour UF: Altruism Prosocial behavior BT: Behaviour NT: Moral behaviour Social choice RT: Community behaviour Cooperation Friendship Group behaviour Psychosocial development Sociability Social exchange Prosthetics UF: Artificial organs Sensory aids BT: Medical technology RT: Bioengineering Hearing Medical equipment Physical mobility Sight Prostitution BT: Social problems Protestantism BT: Christianity RT: Baptist education Church of England education Church of Scotland education Congregational education Free Church of Scotland education Methodism and education Quaker education Proverbs BT: Folk literature Oral culture RT: Customs and traditions Folklore Provincial government USE: Regional government Provision (education) USE: Educational facilities Provision (educational) USE: Educational facilities Proximity (learning) USE: Associative learning PSE USE: Social education PSHE USE: Social education Psychiatric services USE: Mental health services Psychiatric services (education) USE: Psychological services Psychiatric social workers BT: Social workers RT: Mental health services Psychiatrists Social psychiatry Psychiatrists BT: Medical personnel RT: Doctors Medical profession Mental health services Psychiatric social workers Psychiatry Psychologists Psychiatry SN: Treatment of mental disorders, and more broadly the study of them for their treatment. Cf. 'Psychology' which is simply the study of the mind. UF: Clinical psychology Medical psychology BT: Applied psychology Medical sciences Mental health services NT: Child psychiatry Psychopathology Psychotherapy Social psychiatry RT: Mental disorders Mental health Psychiatrists Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis BT: Psychological schools NT: Child analysis Defence mechanisms Ego RT: Analytical psychology Conscience Critical sociology Personality Psychiatry Psychotherapy Unconscious Psychodrama USE: Role playing Psychokinesis USE: Parapsychology Psycholinguistics UF: Psychology of language BT: Applied psychology Linguistics NT: Language behaviour RT: Applied linguistics Bilingualism Code switching (language) Communication psychology Language and education Language awareness Language difficulties Language studies Language variation Multilingualism Neurolinguistics Philosophy of language Sociolinguistics Speech acts Psychological resilience USE: Resilience Psychological schools BT: Psychology NT: Analytical psychology Behaviourism Ecological psychology Gestalt psychology Humanistic psychology Interactional psychology Personal construct theory Psychoanalysis Psychological services SN: In schools or other educational institutions or authorities UF: Psychiatric services (education) BT: Mental health and education RT: Child welfare Educational guidance Educational social workers Educational welfare Guidance officers Psychologists Psychological testing USE: Testing Psychological tests USE: Testing Psychological warfare USE: Propaganda Psychologists BT: Professional personnel RT: Educational personnel Guidance officers Psychiatrists Psychological services Psychology Sociologists Psychology BT: [Psychology and human development] NT: Affective psychology Applied psychology Behaviour Comparative psychology Cross cultural psychology Developmental psychology Educational psychology Genetic psychology Human nature Motivation Nature nurture controversy Parapsychology Perceptual motor processes Personality Physiological psychology Psychological schools Self concept Self esteem Self perception Social psychology RT: Philosophy of mind Psychologists Psychology education Psychology education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Social science education RT: Education studies Human biology education Medical education Metacognition Philosophy education Psychology Sociology education Psychology of art BT: Applied psychology RT: Aesthetics Art criticism Art styles Art therapy Arts Children's art Improvisation Psychology of music Psychology of language USE: Psycholinguistics Psychology of music BT: Applied psychology RT: Music Music therapy Musical composition Musicology Psychology of art Psychology of religion BT: Applied psychology NT: Religious development Religious experience RT: Death psychology Indoctrination Moral behaviour Philosophy of religion Religion Religious belief Sociology of religion Psychometrics USE: Educational assessment Psychomotor disorders USE: Perceptual motor disorders Psychoneuroses USE: Neuroses Psychopathology SN: The field of study of mental disorders. Includes all kinds of mental illness, disorder and abnormality. BT: Pathology Psychiatry NT: Learning difficulties Mental disorders RT: Mental health Psychosomatic disorders Psychopathy SN: Any mental disorder or abnormality featuring antisocial behaviour BT: Mental disorders RT: Antisocial behaviour Disruptive behaviour Emotional and behavioural difficulties Psychophysiology USE: Physiological psychology Psychoses BT: Mental disorders RT: Depression Neuroses Personality disorders Schizophrenia Psychosocial development SN: Developmental change in people in any area of social psychology. (When applied to a particular age group, used with age group term e.g. Preschool children not with development term e.g. Preschool development, unless the general development at that stage of life is also being discussed). BT: Developmental psychology RT: Adjustment Cognitive development Emotional and behavioural difficulties Emotional development Interpersonal relations Moral development Prosocial behaviour Sociability Social psychiatry Psychosocial risk SN: Any condition in the social environment or relationships (with caregivers, siblings etc) which may adversely affect the wellbeing or development of the child UF: At risk children (psychosocial) Children at risk (psychosocial) High risk children (psychosocial) Risk children (psychosocial) BT: [Children and families] Social problems NT: Parentally deprived children Self defence Self protection RT: Bullying Family relations Psychosomatic disorders BT: Disorders RT: Mental disorders Neuroses Physiological psychology Psychopathology Stress Psychotherapy BT: Psychiatry NT: Art therapy Bibliotherapy Child psychotherapy Cognitive therapy Drama therapy Drug psychotherapy Family therapy Group therapy Hypnosis Music therapy Occupational therapy Play therapy Shock treatment Transactional analysis RT: Analytical psychology Behaviour modification Counselling Psychoanalysis Sensitivity training Social psychiatry PTA USE: Parent teacher organisations Puberty BT: Life cycle RT: Adolescent development Adolescents Growth Menstruation Older children Sexual development Public-private partnership SN: Public–private partnership (PPP) describes a government service or private business venture which is funded and operated through a partnership of government and one or more private sector companies. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). UF: PPP BT: Economic structure Public administration BT: Administration Government NT: Administration of justice Contracting out services Financial administration Social administration RT: Administrative law Bureaucracy Citizenship Civil service Constitutional law Executive Government departments Law enforcement Local government officers Ombudsman Public administration studies Public finance Public sector Statutory bodies Public administration education USE: Public administration studies Public administration studies SN: Curriculum subject. UF: Public administration education BT: Management and industry studies RT: Legal education Management studies Police education Policy studies Public administration Public corporations USE: Public enterprises Public enterprises UF: Nationalised enterprises Nationalized enterprises Public corporations State enterprises BT: Enterprises Government RT: Cooperatives Multinational enterprises National educational bodies Private enterprises Privatisation Public sector Public expenditure USE: Public finance Public finance SN: The financing of the functions of the state, including fiscal policy and taxation. UF: Public expenditure BT: Finance NT: Local government finance RT: Budgetary control Economic policy Educational finance Financial administration Public administration Public sector Taxation Welfare economics Public health UF: Environmental health BT: Health RT: Epidemiology Health centres Health education Health services Hospitals Hygiene Immunisation Immunology Mental health Physiological effects Pollution control Safety Sanitation Slums Social welfare Water treatment Public housing SN: Housing provided by local, central or regional government BT: Housing RT: Built environment High rise flats Hostels New towns Residential areas Slums Public libraries BT: Libraries RT: Academic libraries Children's libraries Public opinion BT: Social concepts RT: Advertising Attitudes Audiences Belief Indoctrination Mass communication Mass media Persuasion Pressure groups Propaganda Public participation in planning Public order USE: Law enforcement Public participation in planning BT: Participation RT: Community participation Democratisation Economic and social planning Environmental planning Planning Political participation Public opinion Public relations Social participation Public relations UF: Publicity BT: Mass communication RT: Advertising Commercial art Communication psychology Communication skills Customer care Dissemination of information Educational information Public participation in planning Secrecy Sociology of communication Public schools (British) USE: Independent schools Public sector BT: Economic structure RT: Collectivist economy Private sector Public administration Public enterprises Public finance State education State intervention Publications SN: Form term. BT: [Form terms] RT: Publishing Publicity USE: Public relations Publishing BT: Mass communication NT: Copy preparation Desktop publishing Electronic publishing RT: Book availability Book development Book production Book reviews Books Censorship Communication personnel Copyright Press Printing Publications Writers Puerto Rico BT: West Indies RT: Islands Latin America United States Punctuation BT: Writing Punishment BT: Authority NT: Corporal punishment RT: Administration of justice Behaviour modification Crime Criminology Discipline Extrinsic motivation Incentives Law Reinforcement Punjabi language UF: Panjabi Sindhi BT: Indic languages South Asian languages RT: India Indians Pakistan Pakistanis Punjabi studies Punjabi studies BT: Indic studies RT: India Indians Pakistan Pakistanis Punjabi language Pupil adjustment USE: School adjustment Pupil attitudes SN: Attitudes of pupils in primary or secondary education. BT: Attitudes Pupils RT: Adolescents Classroom interaction Home background Parent attitudes School adjustment Student attitudes Teacher attitudes Pupil centered curriculum USE: Learner centred curriculum Pupil centered methods USE: Learner centred methods Pupil centred curriculum USE: Learner centred curriculum Pupil centred methods USE: Learner centred methods Pupil grouping USE: Grouping Pupil life USE: School life Pupil mobility SN: Movement of pupils between institutions. BT: Mobility in education NT: Educational exchanges RT: Educational credits International education Pupil participation SN: Participation by schoolchildren in management and administrative or educational activities which would otherwise be carried out by those in authority over them. BT: Educational management Participation RT: Democracy in education Parent participation Pupils School organisation Student participation Teacher participation Pupil placement SN: Assignment of pupils to schools or academic classes according to their background, abilities, readiness and goals BT: Grouping RT: Acceleration (education) Aptitude Educability Integration (mainstreaming) Learning support Pupils Statements (special educational needs) Pupil profiles USE: Profiles in education Pupil projects USE: Projects (teaching method) Pupil referral units USE: Special units Pupil teacher ratio SN: At school level UF: Teacher pupil ratio BT: Class size RT: Student teacher ratio Teacher supply Teaching load Pupils SN: Children of school age, or more specifically in a school or pupil situation. Used to refer to pupils in compulsory education in any type of school (and also includes 16-18 year olds staying on at school to do A-levels). UF: School-age children School age children School children Schoolchildren BT: [Learners, teachers and educational personnel] Children NT: Bilingual pupils Pupil attitudes School adjustment School life RT: Educational population Pupil participation Pupil placement School clothing School transport Students Pupils' work USE: Classwork Puppetry UF: Marionettes BT: Performing arts RT: Entertainment Play Theatre Toys Pure mathematics education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Mathematics education RT: Applied mathematics education Higher mathematics education Pure research USE: Fundamental research Puzzles SN: Form term. Used for books containing basically recreational puzzles (e.g. mathematical or crosswords). For works about their use, Educational games is used. For books of 'serious' problems, Examination questions is used. BT: [Form terms] RT: Educational games Indoor games Test items Toys PVCS USE: Pre-verbal communication schedule Qatar BT: Middle East RT: Arab countries Islamic countries Quaker education BT: Christianity and education RT: Christianity Protestantism Religious education Religious groups Religious schools Qualifications BT: Educational assessment NT: Advanced Vocational Certificate of Education BTEC qualifications Certificate of Proficiency in English Certificate of Secondary Education CQSW qualification CSS qualification Degrees Diplomas Educational credits English Baccalaureate Equivalences European baccalaureate First School Certificate Foundation degrees GCE scholarship GCSE General Certificate of Education GNVQs Higher Certificate Higher National Diploma Higher School Certificate Higher School Examination International Baccalaureate Junior Certificate Junior Local Examination Lower Certificate National certificate National Professional Qualification for Headship NVQs Oxford Certificate of Educational Achievement Scottish Certificate of Education Scottish Certificate of Education Higher Grade Scottish Vocational Qualifications Senior Certificate Welsh Baccalaureate RT: Accreditation Aptitude Career choice Career development Diploma mills Educational background Examinations Franchising in education International examinations Professional standards Profiles in education Training Validation Qualitative data SN: Data consisting of attributes (e.g. sex, nationality) rather than numerical values or ranges BT: Statistical data RT: Descriptive statistics Qualitative evaluation Qualitative research Qualitative evaluation BT: Evaluation RT: Evaluation of education Formative evaluation Qualitative data Qualitative research Summative evaluation Qualitative research SN: Research providing detailed narrative descriptions and explanations of phenomena, with lesser emphasis given to numerical quantification BT: Research methods RT: Ethnography Measures Mixed methods Observation Qualitative data Qualitative evaluation Quality assessment SN: The assessment of actual standards or quality of an institution or sector. Used for works about this process; for actual assessment reports, (e.g.) Quality of education, Standards are used. Not used in the same way as Quality audit, which is concerned with mechanisms of quality control and/or quality assurance. BT: Evaluation RT: Quality assurance Quality audit Quality control Total quality management Quality assurance SN: The way in which an institution satisfies itself that it has effective mechanisms to monitor the quality control procedures it employs, and that these promote enhancement of existing standards. BT: Quality control RT: Quality assessment Quality audit Total quality management Quality audit SN: An audit to ensure that an institution has suitable quality control and/or quality assurance mechanisms in operation. Used for works about this process; for actual audit reports, Quality assurance, Quality control, Quality control in education are used. Not used in the same way as Quality assessment, which is concerned with evaluation of actual standards or quality of an institution or sector. BT: Auditing RT: Quality assessment Quality assurance Quality control Total quality management Quality circles USE: Total quality management Quality control BT: [Evaluation and assessment] NT: Quality assurance Quality control in education RT: Industrial production Operations research Performance Quality assessment Quality audit Reliability Standardisation Quality control in education BT: Educational assessment Quality control RT: Quality of education Quality engineering USE: Reliability engineering Quality improvement teams USE: Total quality management Quality of education SN: Educational standards, or the quality of educational experiences received by pupils/students in an educational institution or situation UF: Education standards Educational standards BT: Education Standards NT: School effectiveness RT: Charters (specified standards) Educational output Educational planning Equivalences Evaluation of education League tables Professional standards Quality control in education Teacher effectiveness Value added analysis Quality of life SN: Quality of life references the general well-being of individuals and societies. The term is used in a wide range of contexts, including the fields of international development, healthcare, and politics. Quality of life should not be confused with the concept of standard of living, which is based primarily on income. Instead, standard indicators of the quality of life include not only wealth and employment but also the built environment, physical and mental health, education, recreation and leisure time, and social belonging. (Wikipedia, accessed November 2013) BT: Social concepts RT: Cost of living Cultural environment Everyday life Human needs Social conditions Social environment Social opportunity Standard of living Quantitative research BT: Research methods RT: Mixed methods Question analysis USE: Item analysis Question banking USE: Item banking Questioning (teaching method) UF: Questioning technique BT: Teaching methods RT: Discussions Heuristic method Oral work Questioning technique USE: Questioning (teaching method) Questionnaires BT: Fieldwork RT: Interviews (research method) Measures Surveys Quotations BT: Learning resources R&D USE: Research and development Rabbis USE: Ministers of religion Race SN: Race is a classification system used to categorise humans into large and distinct populations or groups by anatomical, cultural, ethnic, genetic, geographical, historical, linguistic, religious, or social affiliation. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: [Peoples and cultures] NT: Mixed race Racial differences RT: Anthropology Multiracial communities Race relations Racial attitudes Racial discrimination Racial identification Racism Race relations BT: Intergroup relations NT: Racial discrimination RT: Affirmative action Cultural contact Cultural identity Cultural pluralism Ethnic groups Immigrants Immigration Multicultural education Multiracial communities Race Racial equality Racial harassment Racism Social integration Race relations education USE: Antiracism education Racial attitudes SN: Attitudes about race or particular racial groups BT: Attitudes RT: Ethnic groups Race Racial differences Racial equality Racial harassment Racial identification Racial differences SN: Covers works arguing for or against the theory of racial differences in intelligence or other attributes BT: Race RT: Anthropology Ethnic groups Group differences Racial attitudes Racial identification Racial discrimination SN: Actual discriminatory practices, rather than ideology BT: Race relations Social inequality Social problems NT: Racial harassment RT: Affirmative action Antiracism education Antisemitism Cultural bias Discrimination in education Equal opportunity Ethnic groups Race Racial equality Slavery Racial equality SN: Antiracist practices outside the immediate context of education BT: Equality RT: Affirmative action Antiracism education Race relations Racial attitudes Racial discrimination Racism Racial harassment BT: Racial discrimination Social problems RT: Aggression Alienation Antisocial behaviour Oppression Race relations Racial attitudes Rejection Social conflict Violence Racial identification SN: Classification of oneself, or another person or group, as a member of a particular race. UF: Racial identity BT: Self concept RT: Ethnic groups Mixed race Multiracial communities Race Racial attitudes Racial differences Racism Racial identity USE: Racial identification Racism SN: Ideology explicitly or implicitly supporting discriminatory treatment of ethnic groups viewed as alien or inferior BT: Discrimination Ideology NT: Antisemitism RT: Bias Cultural bias Cultural identity Ethnic groups Nationalism Prejudice Race Race relations Racial equality Racial identification Stereotyping Radical education SN: Radical perspectives on educational theory and practice BT: Education RT: Aims of education Alternative education Child centred education Deschooling Educational opportunity Educational theory Free schools Marxism and education Philosophy of education Progressive education Radicalism Socialism and education Radicalism SN: Political principles focused on altering social structures through revolutionary means and changing value systems in fundamental ways. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Political theory RT: Conservatism Labour movement Left (political) Liberalism Radical education Social democracy Social reform Socialism Radio BT: Broadcasting Telecommunication NT: Educational radio RT: Audiences Audio equipment Broadcasting personnel Journalism Media studies Sound recording Teleconferencing Radio and television personnel USE: Broadcasting personnel Radio and TV personnel USE: Broadcasting personnel Radioactivity UF: Ionizing radiation BT: Physics RT: Cancer Disasters Disorders Nuclear energy Nuclear engineering Nuclear warfare Pollution Pollution control Safety Ragged schools SN: SPECIFIC HISTORICAL CONCEPT. Ragged Schools were charitable schools dedicated to the free education of destitute children in 19th century Britain. The schools were developed in working class districts of the rapidly expanding industrial towns. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). BT: Schools Rainbows USE: Youth organisations Raising of school leaving age USE: School leaving age Random processes UF: Stochastic processes BT: Probability RT: Operations research Statistical distributions Time series Rangers USE: Youth organisations Rape BT: Sexual practices Social problems RT: Child sexual abuse Domestic violence Sexual harassment Rapid reading USE: Speed reading Rapport USE: Interpersonal attraction Rastafarianism SN: The Rastafari movement is an African-based spiritual ideology that arose in the 1930s in Jamaica. It is sometimes described as a religion but is considered by many adherents to be a "Way of Life". (Wikipedia, accessed October 2013) BT: Modern religions RT: West Indians West Indies Rating SN: Placing on a rating scale or actual process of classification within a typology or assessment scale UF: Scaling Scoring BT: Educational assessment RT: Educational records League tables Marking Norm referenced assessment Objective testing Standardised testing Testing Typology Ratio BT: Arithmetic RT: Correlation Probability Rational process disorders USE: Cognitive disorders Rationalism SN: Any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification BT: Philosophical schools RT: Agnosticism Atheism Epistemology Humanism Idealism Metaphysics Philosophy of religion Reasoning Rationality BT: Philosophy RT: Explanation Impartiality Irrationality Logic Personal conflict Reasoning Relativism RDM USE: Research data management Readability SN: Quality of reading matter that makes it interesting and understandable to those for whom it is written BT: [Literacy, reading and writing] RT: Children's literature Comprehension Reading Reading education Reading habit Reading problems Reading programmes Reading promotion Speed reading Textbooks Readers (academic) USE: Lecturers Readiness UF: Learning readiness Preparedness BT: Cognition RT: Aptitude Birth season Cognitive style Comprehension Educability Learning Learning style Preschool development Reading BT: [Literacy, reading and writing] Communication skills Language NT: Oral reading Silent reading Speed reading Tactile reading aids RT: Child literacy Literacy Readability Reading education Reading habit Reading problems Reading programmes Reading promotion Reading ability USE: Child literacy Reading difficulties USE: Reading problems Reading education SN: Curriculum subject. Includes the process of learning to read. If unqualified, a primary context is assumed and Primary education is not used as an indexing term. BT: Language studies RT: Basic subjects Child literacy Children's literature English studies Functional literacy education Handwriting education Literacy education Mother tongue education Oral reading Phonics Readability Reading Reading habit Reading problems Reading programmes Reading promotion Real books approach Sight method Silent reading Speed reading Spelling education Vocabulary education Reading habit UF: Reading habits BT: [Literacy, reading and writing] Habit RT: Children's literature Readability Reading Reading education Reading programmes Reading promotion Silent reading Speed reading Reading habits USE: Reading habit Reading problems SN: Problems in reading or learning to read UF: Reading difficulties Reluctant readers BT: [Literacy, reading and writing] RT: Cognitive disorders Illiteracy Language difficulties Learning disabilities Readability Reading Reading education Reading programmes SN: Large scale efforts to encourage reading in the population at large UF: Reading programs BT: [Literacy, reading and writing] RT: Book availability Book development Literacy education New literates Readability Reading Reading education Reading habit Reading promotion Reading programs USE: Reading programmes Reading promotion SN: Small scale efforts to encourage reading, e.g. in libraries BT: [Literacy, reading and writing] RT: Book development Library extension work Literacy education Literature education New literates Readability Reading Reading education Reading habit Reading programmes Reading testing USE: Testing Reading tests USE: Testing Reading therapy USE: Bibliotherapy Real books approach SN: Use of actual books or stories as the basis for teaching of reading, as distinct from phonics, the sight method or reading schemes. BT: [Literacy, reading and writing] RT: Books Children's literature Literacy education Phonics Reading education Sight method Real property USE: Property Realia (teaching aids) SN: Samples of real objects (not representations or models) used for exhibitions and as teaching aids BT: Learning resources RT: Collections (teaching aids) Educational displays Museums and education Specimens (teaching aids) Realism SN: Realism is a philosophy of mind rooted in the 'common sense' philosophy of perception. Critical realism is the philosophy of perception concerned with the accuracy of human sense-data. Contemporary critical realism is particularly associated with the work of Bhaskar, whose thought combines a general philosophy of science (transcendental realism) with a philosophy of social science (critical naturalism) to describe an interface between the natural and social worlds BT: Philosophical schools RT: Empiricism Holism Idealism Materialism Metaphysics Naturalism Philosophy of science Philosophy of social science Positivism Reasoning UF: Deduction (reasoning) Induction (reasoning) Inference Logical thinking BT: Thinking RT: Cognitive process instruction Decision Explanation Human information processing Judgment Philosophy of action Procedural knowledge Rationalism Rationality Rebellion USE: Revolution Recall (memory) USE: Remembering Recession (economics) USE: Economic depression Recognition BT: Memory RT: Associative learning Conceptualisation Pattern perception Remembering Recognition (accreditation) USE: Accreditation Recognition of qualifications USE: Equivalences Reconstruction BT: Construction engineering RT: Civil engineering Educational building maintenance Reconstruction of education Reconstruction of education SN: Reconstruction of educational (sub-) systems that have been damaged by war or other disorders. BT: Educational reform RT: Educational change Educational development Educational planning Educational systems Postwar education Reconstruction Refugee education Records BT: Primary documents NT: Educational records RT: Archives Personal papers Records of achievement USE: Profiles in education Recreation USE: Leisure Recreation management education USE: Leisure services studies Recreational centers USE: Leisure facilities Recreational centres USE: Leisure facilities Recreational facilities USE: Leisure facilities Recruitment BT: Personnel management NT: Interviews (recruitment) Selection RT: Conditions of employment Dismissal Employment services Job evaluation Job hunting Labour market Labour shortages Recruitment (students / pupils) USE: Admission Recruitment (students/pupils) USE: Admission Recruitment methods USE: Selection Rectors (academic) USE: Directors (academic) Recurrent education USE: Lifelong education Redeployment USE: Reemployment Redundancy USE: Dismissal Reemployment UF: Redeployment BT: Employment RT: Career break Career change Employment services Men's employment Part time employment Retraining Unemployment Women's employment Reference materials BT: Books RT: Information sources Nonfiction Secondary documents Reference services USE: Information services (libraries) Reference work USE: Information retrieval References (bibliographic) USE: Citations Reflective practice SN: Concept focusing on reflection-in-action or the understandings revealed by patterns of spontaneous activity that go to make up professional or specialist competences, and also more generally the relationship between skilled practice and reflection. UF: Reflective practitioners BT: Skill RT: Cognitive style Judgment Personal effectiveness Practical training Problem solving Procedural knowledge Professional standards Teacher development Reflective practitioners USE: Reflective practice Reform BT: Change RT: Educational reform Innovations Reformatory schools USE: Community home schools Refresher courses BT: Courses RT: Bridging courses Career break Inservice training Orientation courses Retraining Refugee education UF: Displaced people's education BT: Disadvantage RT: Migrant education Reconstruction of education Refugees Refugees UF: Asylum seekers Displaced persons BT: Exceptional people RT: Immigrants Migration Refugee education Regional characteristics SN: Identifying qualities which constitute the essential nature of a geographic area's people and resources BT: Human geography NT: Urbanisation RT: Cultural environment Cultural geography Cultural identity Regional government Regional planning Rural areas Urban areas Regional education bodies USE: Regional educational bodies Regional educational bodies SN: Not used for national governments. (Departments of education is preferred.) UF: Regional education bodies BT: [Educational organisations] NT: Training and enterprise councils RT: Government educational bodies Local education authorities National educational bodies Regional government Regional government UF: Devolved government Provincial government State government (regional) BT: Government RT: Central government Decentralisation Devolution Government departments Local government Regional characteristics Regional educational bodies Regional planning Regional planning BT: Environmental planning RT: Economic and social planning Regional characteristics Regional government Rural development Transport Urban development Urban planning Registrars (chief administrators) USE: Chief administrative officers Registration (accreditation) USE: Accreditation Regression analysis BT: Statistical analysis RT: Correlation Significance testing Regulations SN: Form term. Regulations of exam boards or other bodies. BT: [Form terms] RT: Standards (specifications) Rehabilitation UF: Aftercare BT: Medical treatment Social action RT: Caring professions Community care Day care Health visiting Home care Institutionalisation Intervention Normalisation (education) Nursing Parole Patients Probation Social work Reinforcement SN: An event that influences the probability of the repetition of a response to stimulus BT: Behaviour RT: Behaviour modification Behavioural objectives Behaviourism Conditioning Discrimination learning Extrinsic motivation Feedback (learning) Incentives Punishment Response Stimulus Rejection UF: Rejection (Psychology) BT: Mental health RT: Alienation Attachment Deserted children Grief Independence Nonconformity Prejudice Racial harassment Rejection (Psychology) USE: Rejection Relatives (family) USE: Families Relativism SN: The concept that points of view have no absolute truth or validity, having only relative, subjective value according to differences in perception and consideration. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). UF: Relativism (philosophy) BT: Philosophical schools RT: Cultural bias Epistemology Explanation Moral philosophy Philosophy of social science Rationality Scepticism Sociology of knowledge Truth Value Relativism (philosophy) USE: Relativism Reliability BT: Social concepts RT: Correlation Error analysis Performance Quality control Standardisation Validity Reliability engineering SN: Aspect of electronic engineering concerned with the quality control of software and hardware products and their performance over time UF: Quality engineering BT: Electrical engineering Electronic engineering RT: Computers Information technology Microelectronics Operations research Performance Religion BT: Religion and belief NT: Religious pluralism Religious systems Theology RT: Church Magic Ministers of religion Missions Mysticism Parapsychology Philosophy of religion Psychology of religion Religious education Religious groups Religious history Religious music Religious practice Rituals Sociology of religion Religion and belief UF: Spirituality BT: Humanities NT: Belief Magic Mysticism Mythology Religion Religion and science Religious groups Religious practice Sacred texts Religion and education SN: Influence of religious thought and institutions on educational thought and practices BT: [Interaction between education and its social context] NT: Bahaism and education Buddhism and education Christianity and education Hinduism and education Islam and education Judaism and education Missionary education RT: Assemblies Marxism and education Moral education Philosophy of education Religion and state Religious development Religious education Religion and science UF: Science and religion BT: Religion and belief Religion and state SN: Used when the focus is not on education. If educational, Religion and education and State and education are used. BT: Social context RT: Religion and education State and education Religious belief UF: Faith BT: Belief RT: Indoctrination Psychology of religion Religious doctrines Religious experience Religious pluralism Theology Religious communities USE: Religious groups Religious development BT: Developmental psychology Psychology of religion RT: Moral development Religion and education Religious education Sunday schools Religious doctrines BT: Theology RT: Creationism Indoctrination Religious belief Religious pluralism Religious education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Humanities education NT: Theology education RT: Baptist education Church of England education Church of Scotland education Congregational education Free Church of Scotland education Indoctrination Methodism and education Moral education Philosophy education Quaker education Religion Religion and education Religious development Roman Catholic education Sunday schools Values education Religious education (examination subject) BT: Examination papers Religious experience BT: Experience Psychology of religion RT: Mysticism Religious belief Religious practice Religious feasts USE: Religious festivals Religious festivals UF: Religious feasts BT: Religious practice RT: Assemblies Festivals Religious music Religious groups SN: Congregations or wider groups sharing common religious belief and/or practice UF: Congregations Religious communities BT: Communities Religion and belief Social groups NT: Religious orders RT: Baptist education Church Church of England education Church of Scotland education Congregational education Free Church of Scotland education Ministers of religion Quaker education Religion Religious pluralism Religious practice Roman Catholic education Religious history SN: Not used for historical treatments of single non-Christian religions (for which the appropriate term for the religion concerned is used). UF: Church history Ecclesiastical history BT: History RT: Religion Religious music BT: Music RT: Choir schools Religion Religious festivals Vocal music Religious orders UF: Convents Monasteries BT: Religious groups RT: Ministers of religion Missionary education Missions Religious practice Religious participation USE: Religious practice Religious pluralism SN: Coexistence within a society of different religious groups BT: Cultural pluralism Religion RT: Multiracial communities Religious belief Religious doctrines Religious groups Religious systems Sociology of religion Religious practice UF: Religious participation Worship BT: Religion and belief NT: Meditation Prayer Religious festivals RT: Ministers of religion Religion Religious experience Religious groups Religious orders Religious schools UF: Faith schools BT: Schools NT: Ashram schools Church of England schools Islamic schools Jewish schools Monastic schools Moravian schools Roman Catholic schools Sunday schools RT: Baptist education Church of England education Church of Scotland education Congregational education Free Church of Scotland education Parochial schools Quaker education Roman Catholic education Religious systems UF: Comparative religion BT: Religion NT: Ancient religions Modern religions Primitive religions RT: Philosophy of religion Religious pluralism Sacred texts Theology Reluctant readers USE: Reading problems Remedial Education USE: Learning support Remembering SN: Process of bringing learned information out of memory store UF: Recall (memory) BT: Memory RT: Recognition Retention Thinking Remote sensing SN: The acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object UF: Telemetry BT: Evaluation Telecommunication RT: Space communication Space photography Reorganisation of education SN: Reorganisation of educational institutions, due to falling rolls, educational reform or some other reason UF: Reorganization of education BT: Administration of education NT: Amalgamation Closure Special measures RT: City technology colleges Comprehensive schools Diversification of education Educational change Educational development Educational institutions Educational planning Educational population Enrolment Magnet schools School clusters School mapping School size Small schools Reorganization of education USE: Reorganisation of education Report writing UF: Essay writing BT: Writing RT: Desktop publishing Lists of theses Proposal writing Reports Research results Theses and dissertations (examination method) Word processing Writing education Written examinations Reports SN: Form term. Annual reports, for example, and the like. BT: [Form terms] RT: Lists of theses Report writing Theses and dissertations (examination method) Representation (cognition) USE: Symbolic processes Representation (cognitive) USE: Symbolic processes Representation (concepts) USE: Conceptualisation Representative democracy USE: Democracy Reproduction SN: Biological. BT: Physiology NT: Abortion Childbirth Family planning Fertilisation Gynaecology Infertility Pregnancy Surrogacy RT: Birth rate Embryology Genetics Heredity Life cycle Prenatal development Reproductive arts BT: Visual arts NT: Photography Printing RT: Art therapy Artists Graphic arts Republic of Korea USE: Korea (South) Republic of Liberia USE: Liberia Research SN: Used for general works about research, or for works about research on a specific topic for which no specific precoordinated term is appropriate. BT: [Research, information and theory] NT: Academic games Data collection Fundamental research Humanities research Institutional research Interdisciplinary research Medical research Proposal writing Research and development Research data Research effects Research methodology Research methods Research projects Research results Research utilisation Scientific research Social science research RT: Research centres Research councils Research finance Research students Researchers Sociology of research Research and development UF: Industrial research R&D BT: Applied research Research Scientific research RT: Change Innovations Interdisciplinary research Inventions Research centers USE: Research centres Research centres UF: Research centers Research institutions Research units BT: Higher education institutions RT: Academies of science Laboratories Research Research councils Research finance Schools of education Scientific institutions Technological institutes University institutes Research councils BT: Statutory bodies RT: National educational bodies Research Research centres Research finance Scientific institutions Research data BT: Research NT: Curriculum analysis Input-output analysis Research data management Research data management UF: RDM BT: Research data Research design USE: Research strategy Research effects SN: Effects of carrying out research, whether on those directly involved (as researchers or as subjects) or on others on whom the research and/or its results impinge BT: Research RT: Dissemination of information Innovations Inventions Research results Research strategy Research finance BT: Finance RT: Educational finance Proposal writing Research Research centres Research councils Research projects Research students Research funding BT: Finance Research institutions USE: Research centres Research methodology SN: The learning of the various techniques used in the conduct of research BT: Research RT: Epistemology Sociology of knowledge Research methods SN: The methods by which research is actually conducted in order to answer research problems UF: Research techniques BT: Research NT: Action research Applied research Case study (research method) Causal analysis Comparative analysis Cross cultural analysis Empirical research Ethnomethodology Experiments Fieldwork Longitudinal research Mixed methods Models Practitioner research Qualitative research Quantitative research Research strategy Simulation Statistical analysis Systems analysis Typology RT: Data collection Research results Research projects SN: Used for works about research projects (e.g. their influence, takeup etc) - not for actual research project reports. BT: Research RT: Project management Proposal writing Research finance Research students Research proposals USE: Proposal writing Research results SN: Includes problems of interpretation or application of results BT: Research RT: Dissemination of information Innovations Inventions Report writing Research effects Research methods Research strategy Statistical analysis Research strategy UF: Research design BT: Research methods RT: Research effects Research results Statistical design Research students UF: Doctoral students BT: Graduates Students RT: Postgraduate education Research Research finance Research projects Researchers Research techniques USE: Research methods Research units USE: Research centres Research utilisation SN: Used for works about using or putting into practice the results of research. UF: Research utilization BT: Research Research utilization USE: Research utilisation Research workers USE: Researchers Researchers UF: Research workers BT: Professional personnel RT: Brain drain Intellectuals Research Research students Scientific personnel Social scientists Residential areas UF: Housing estates BT: Urban areas RT: Communities High rise flats Housing Public housing Urban planning Urban sociology Villages Residential care UF: Residential social work BT: Health services RT: Boarding schools Caring professions Community care Day care Detention Home care Hospices Hospitals Institutionalisation Residential child care USE: Children in care Residential courses SN: Usually short residential courses BT: Courses RT: Boarding schools Sandwich courses Short courses Summer schools Residential schools USE: Boarding schools Residential social work USE: Residential care Resilience SN: Resilience is an individual's tendency to cope with stress and adversity. This coping may result in the individual "bouncing back" to a previous state of normal functioning, or simply not showing negative effects. A third, more controversial conception of resilience is sometimes referred to as 'posttraumatic growth' or 'steeling effects' wherein the experience of adversity leads to better functioning (much like an inoculation gives one the capacity to cope well with future exposure to disease). Resilience is most commonly understood as a process, and not a trait of an individual. (Wikipedia, accessed March 2014). UF: Psychological resilience BT: Personality development RT: Traits Resistance movements USE: Liberation movements Resistance to authority USE: Nonconformity Resource allocation SN: The setting apart or allotting of money, materials, personnel or services for a particular purpose BT: Financial administration RT: Auditing Budgetary control Business economics Economic and social planning Educational resources Expenditure Microeconomics Resource based learning SN: Used only when focus of document is the process of active learning and pupil centred educational method dominates: resource based learning aims to give students a degree of self pacing and choice of learning activity. BT: Learning RT: Individual study Information sources Learner centred methods Learning resources Learning style Open education Resource centres Teaching methods Resource centers USE: Resource centres Resource centres SN: Areas within educational institutions which organise, exploit and make available learning resources of all kinds which can be used, often on an individual basis, to supplement the teaching and learning process. UF: Learning resource centers Learning resource centres Resource centers BT: Educational facilities RT: Collections (teaching aids) Educational displays Educational support services Exhibitions Information sources Instructional materials Learning resources Libraries Media resources officers Resource based learning Teachers' centres Response UF: Responses BT: Behaviour RT: Behaviour modification Behaviourism Choice Conditioning Decision Discrimination learning Perceptual motor processes Reinforcement Stimulus Responses USE: Response Responsibility UF: Moral responsibility BT: Moral concepts Social concepts RT: Accountability Authority Autonomy Citizenship Duties Free will Leadership Management Obligation Philosophy of action Philosophy of education Self evaluation Rest BT: Health Human needs NT: Sleep RT: Exercise Leisure Retail trade USE: Distributive trade Retention SN: The holding of information in memory store so that it is available for use after a passage of time. BT: Memory RT: Forgetting Long term memory Memorisation Mnemonics Remembering Retired people USE: Older adults Retirement BT: Conditions of employment RT: Dismissal Leisure Middle aged adults Older adults Pensions Retirement education Tenure Retirement education SN: Education preparatory to retirement. For education in general in retirement, Older adults and Adult education are used. UF: Preretirement education BT: Adult education RT: Folk high schools Leisure activities Lifelong education Middle aged adults Older adults Retirement Retraining BT: Training RT: Bridging courses Career change Inservice training Job training Orientation courses Reemployment Refresher courses Training and enterprise councils Retrospective surveys BT: Surveys RT: Longitudinal research Reunion BT: Southern Africa RT: France French speaking Africa Islands Revolution UF: Insurrection Rebellion BT: Political violence Social change RT: Civil disturbances Civil war Cultural revolution Social conflict Rewards USE: Incentives Reynell developmental language scales BT: Testing Rhodesia USE: Zimbabwe Right USE: Right (political) Right (political) UF: Right The Right BT: Politics RT: Capitalism Conservatism Imperialism Left (political) Nationalism Political sociology Right to education BT: Education Human rights RT: Academic freedom Children's rights Discrimination in education Educational opportunity Educational theory Equal education Philosophy of education Universal primary education Women's rights Right to information USE: Freedom of information Rights BT: Moral concepts Social sciences NT: Animal rights Censorship Citizenship Human rights Secrecy RT: Ethics Human rights education Justice Left (political) Legal theory Philosophy of law Riots USE: Civil disturbances Risk children (psychosocial) USE: Psychosocial risk Risk taking BT: Behaviour RT: Gambling Judgment Probability Safety Self regulation Rituals BT: Social anthropology Social concepts RT: Ceremonies Customs and traditions Etiquette Folklore Life events Magic Religion Social control Road safety BT: Safety RT: Driving Road safety education Safety measures Road safety education BT: Safety education RT: Driving Road safety Safety Safety measures Road vehicle engineering education BT: Mechanical engineering education RT: Mechanical engineering Motor industry Robotics BT: Computer applications Technology RT: Artificial intelligence Automation Computer aided design and manufacture Electronic engineering Role SN: Expected behaviour associated with a social position or status. Used only for sociology or social psychology treatment. UF: Social role BT: Social concepts NT: Sex role Teacher role RT: Division of labour Duties Interpersonal relations Norms Role playing Social behaviour Social interaction Social perception Role of education SN: Function performed by education in relation to non-educational processes or objectives BT: Education RT: Aims of education Business and education Curriculum relevance Development and education Educational policy Educational theory Employment and education Human capital Philosophy of education Social opportunity Role playing UF: Psychodrama Sociodrama BT: Teaching methods RT: Academic games Acting Activity methods Drama education Drama therapy Dramatic presentation Educational games Group therapy Improvisation Microteaching Role Sensitivity training Roman Catholic education UF: Catholic education BT: Christianity and education RT: Christianity Religious education Religious groups Religious schools Roman Catholic schools Roman Catholicism Roman Catholic schools UF: Catholic schools Convent schools BT: Religious schools RT: Parochial schools Roman Catholic education Roman Catholicism Sunday schools Roman Catholicism UF: Catholicism BT: Christianity RT: Roman Catholic education Roman Catholic schools Vatican City Roman civilisation SN: Ancient Roman civilisation UF: Roman civilization BT: Classical civilisation RT: Byzantine civilisation Classics education Etruscan civilisation Greek civilisation Hellenistic civilisation Italy Latin language Roman civilization USE: Roman civilisation Romance fiction SN: Works about (for form type the term Romance novels is used). BT: Fiction Popular literature RT: Interpersonal attraction Love Romance novels Romance novels SN: Form term. Actual romance novels. For works about, Romance fiction is used. BT: Novels RT: Romance fiction Romania UF: Roumania Rumania BT: Eastern Europe RT: Communist countries Romanian language Romanian language BT: European languages Indo-European languages RT: Romania Rorschach inkblot test USE: Rorschach test Rorschach technique USE: Rorschach test Rorschach test UF: inkblot test Rorschach inkblot test Rorschach technique BT: Testing ROSLA USE: School leaving age Rote learning SN: Learning facts mechanically by repetition BT: Learning RT: Memorisation Serial learning Verbal learning Roumania USE: Romania Rowing USE: Aquatic sports Rubber SN: Includes rubber technology. BT: Materials science Technology RT: Chemical technology Trees Rubella UF: German measles three-day measles BT: Diseases Rugby BT: Ball games RT: Football Rules SN: Rules of educational institutions UF: School rules BT: Administration of education Norms RT: Educational values Paracurriculum School clothing School transport Ruling class USE: Elites Rumania USE: Romania Runaways SN: Young people (typically teenagers but occasionally younger) who have run away from the parental home or local authority care BT: Homelessness Parentally deprived children Social problems RT: Dropouts Family problems Hostels Truancy Rural areas BT: Human geography NT: Depressed areas Villages RT: Agriculture Isolated children Migration Regional characteristics Rural development Rural development education Rural education Rural sociology Rural studies Rural development BT: Economic and social development Human geography NT: Agricultural development RT: Agriculture Appropriate technology Community development Conservation of nature Developing countries Development aid Land economics Poverty Regional planning Rural areas Rural sociology Villages Water supply Rural development education SN: Education for rural development BT: Development education RT: Agricultural education Basic education Community education Developing countries Functional literacy education Literacy education Nonformal education Rural areas Rural education SN: Education in rural areas UF: Village schools BT: Sociology of education RT: Basic education Community education Development education Folk high schools Isolated children Migrant education Multiple classes One teacher schools Rural areas Rural sociology Small schools Urban education Villages Rural science USE: Rural studies Rural sociology BT: Sociology RT: Agriculture Isolated children Migration Rural areas Rural development Rural education Rural studies Social conditions Villages Rural studies SN: Curriculum subject UF: Rural science BT: Sociology education RT: Agricultural education Agriculture Biology education Environmental education Forestry education Horticultural education Local studies Rural areas Rural sociology Urban studies Russia SN: Used only for works abour Russia pre-1917 or post-1991. Otherwise Soviet Union is used. BT: Asia Eastern Europe RT: Eskimos Former Soviet republics Russian formalism Russian language Russian studies Russians Soviet Union Russian formalism SN: School of literary criticism, extant approximately 1915-1930 BT: Philosophical schools RT: Aesthetics Literary criticism Russia Soviet Union Russian language BT: European languages Indo-European languages RT: Russia Russian studies Russian studies SN: Learning and teaching all aspects of Russian language, life and culture BT: East European studies Modern languages education RT: Russia Russian language Russians BT: Ethnic groups RT: Russia Rwanda BT: East Africa RT: Burundi Commonwealth of Nations French speaking Africa Sabah USE: Malaysia Sabbatical leave BT: Conditions of employment RT: Attendance Break in studies Career break Educational leave Inservice training Staff development Study visits Vacations Sacred books USE: Sacred texts Sacred texts UF: Holy writings Sacred books Scriptures BT: Religion and belief RT: Religious systems Theology Sadness USE: Grief Safety BT: Environmental management Health NT: First aid Occupational safety and health Road safety Safety measures Toxic substances RT: Disasters Famine Fire Public health Radioactivity Risk taking Road safety education Safety education Safety education BT: Health education NT: Road safety education RT: First aid Safety Safety measures Safety measures UF: Accident prevention BT: Safety RT: Building design Crime prevention Disaster relief work Disasters Fire Occupational safety and health Pollution control Road safety Road safety education Safety education Toxic substances Sailboarding USE: Aquatic sports Sailing USE: Aquatic sports Saint Helena BT: Southern Africa RT: English speaking Africa Islands Saint Kitts-Nevis BT: Leeward Islands RT: Anguilla Commonwealth of Nations Islands Small states Saint Lucia BT: Windward Islands RT: Commonwealth of Nations Saint Pierre and Miquelon BT: North America RT: France French language Islands Saint Vincent BT: Windward Islands RT: Commonwealth of Nations Salaries USE: Wages Sales promotion USE: Marketing Samoa SN: Formerly Western Samoa (pre-1990) BT: Polynesia RT: Commonwealth of Nations Islands Small states Western Samoa Sampling BT: Statistical design RT: Estimation Statistical inference Statistical tests Surveys San Marino BT: Western Europe RT: Small states Sandwich courses SN: Courses, usually at further or higher education level, in which periods of full time study alternate with periods of supervised experience and training in commerce, industry or the professions BT: Courses RT: Business education liaison Educational leave Industry education liaison Inservice training Part time courses Residential courses Sanitation BT: Environmental management RT: Hygiene Pollution control Public health Water supply São Tome and Principe UF: São Tomé e Principe BT: West Africa RT: Islands Portuguese speaking Africa Small states São Tomé e Principe USE: São Tome and Principe Sarawak USE: Malaysia SAT (United States) SN: The SAT is a standardized test for most college admissions in the United States. The SAT is owned, published, and developed by the College Board, a nonprofit organization in the United States. It was formerly developed, published, and scored by the Educational Testing Service which still administers the exam. The test is intended to assess a student's readiness for college. It was first introduced in 1926, and its name and scoring have changed several times. It was first called the Scholastic Aptitude Test, then the Scholastic Assessment Test. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) UF: Scholastic aptitude test BT: Testing Satellite broadcasting USE: Satellite technology Satellite technology UF: Satellite broadcasting BT: Telecommunication RT: Space communication Space technology Satire BT: Literary forms and genres RT: Allegory Cartoons Fiction Humour (literary) Satisfaction UF: Fulfillment Fulfilment BT: Emotion NT: Job satisfaction RT: Happiness Pleasure SATs SN: Standard assessment tasks: specified tasks, or ranges of common tasks, for pupils to undertake (under supervision and observation by their teachers) in the final year of a key stage in the National Curriculum (England and Wales), as a means of assessing them. UF: Standard assessment tasks BT: Testing RT: Competency based education Criterion referenced assessment Educational progress Examinations Instructional objectives Saudi Arabia BT: Middle East RT: Arab countries Islamic countries Scaling USE: Rating Scandinavia BT: Western Europe NT: Denmark Finland Iceland Norway Sweden Scepticism SN: Philosophical scepticism is an overall approach that requires all information to be well supported by evidence. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) UF: Skepticism BT: Philosophical schools RT: Agnosticism Atheism Belief Epistemology Humanism Logical positivism Materialism Metaphysics Nihilism Philosophy of religion Relativism Schizophrenia BT: Mental disorders RT: Personal conflict Personality disorders Psychoses Scholarships USE: Grants Scholastic aptitude test USE: SAT (United States) School-age children USE: Pupils School achievement USE: Achievement School adjustment UF: Disaffected pupils Pupil adjustment BT: Pupils Social adjustment RT: Adjustment Bullying Children's problems Disruptive behaviour Educational environment Educational welfare Emotional and behavioural difficulties Pupil attitudes Schools School age children USE: Pupils School based innovations BT: Administration of education Educational innovations RT: School based programmes Schools School based management USE: Local management School based programmes SN: Any educational programme where the fact of being school based has particular significance (for example, an activity, such as inservice teacher education, would not necessarily be school based). UF: School based programs BT: Administration of education Programmes RT: Articled teachers Internal assessment Licensed teachers Professional tutors School based innovations Schools School based programs USE: School based programmes School boards USE: Local education authorities School buildings BT: Educational buildings RT: Open plan design Space utilisation School buses USE: School transport School calendar USE: School time School canteens USE: School catering areas School catering areas UF: School canteens BT: Educational facilities RT: Catering Domestic staff Educational buildings School ceremonies USE: Ceremonies School certificate examination BT: Examinations School children USE: Pupils School clothing SN: Covers aspects such as building design or equipment required. UF: School uniform BT: Administration of education Clothing RT: Pupils Rules Schools School clusters SN: A grouping (not amalgamation) of schools for administrative and/or educational purposes. BT: Administration of education RT: Administrative structure Amalgamation Reorganisation of education School mapping School size Schools Small schools School councils SN: Scottish administrative bodies for (groups of) schools or similar institutions, having a function somewhere between a governing body and a consultative committee. BT: Administration of education RT: Governing bodies Local education authorities Schools School day USE: School time School effectiveness BT: Performance Quality of education RT: Schools School entrance age BT: Life events School grounds BT: Educational facilities RT: Gardens School histories SN: Form term. Used for histories of individual schools, with name of institution added as a subject. BT: [Form terms] RT: Schools University and college histories School hours USE: School time School improvement BT: Administration of education RT: Management of change Organisation development Schools School leavers UF: Young school leavers BT: Adolescents RT: Break in studies Educational background Key stage 4 Middle secondary education Prevocational education School leaving age School to work transition Wastage in education Young workers Youth Youth employment School leaving age UF: Raising of school leaving age ROSLA Secondary school leaving BT: Life events RT: Compulsory education GCSE Middle secondary education School leavers School libraries BT: Libraries School life UF: Pupil life BT: Pupils RT: Schools School magazines SN: Form term. BT: [Form terms] School management USE: Educational management School mapping SN: Planning further provisions of educational establishments in terms of demographic and geographical factors UF: Catchment areas (schools) Location of schools Mapping of schools BT: Educational planning RT: Educational population Enrolment Isolated children Reorganisation of education School clusters School size School transport Schools School meals BT: Catering School organisation SN: Organisational factors which may affect the outcomes of schooling. Covers internal factors (for example, vertical versus horizontal, mixed ability versus ability grouping or pastoral groups,) or external factors(for example, coeducational versus single sex, mixed ethnic or religious groups versus segregation, selective versus non-selective intake, school size). UF: School organization BT: Administration of education NT: Acceleration (education) Grade repetition Grouping House system Multishift systems School size Sixth forms Small schools RT: Academic departments Administrative structure Educational management Educational resources Pupil participation Schools Teacher participation School organization USE: School organisation School phobia USE: School refusal School principals USE: Head teachers School records USE: Educational records School refusal SN: Phobic or disturbed connotations. UF: School phobia BT: Mental health RT: Alternative education Anxiety Attendance Bullying Children's problems Deschooling Dropouts Educational welfare Emotional and behavioural difficulties Fear Free schools Wastage in education School reports USE: Educational records School rolls USE: Enrolment School rules USE: Rules School size BT: School organisation RT: Amalgamation Class size Closure Enrolment Multiple classes Multishift systems Reorganisation of education School clusters School mapping Schools School terms USE: Academic year School textbooks SN: Form term. For works about school textbooks the term Textbooks is used. BT: [Form terms] NT: School textbooks (Art) School textbooks (Bengali) School textbooks (Business and economics) School textbooks (Design and technology) School textbooks (Drama) School textbooks (English) School textbooks (ESOL) School textbooks (French) School textbooks (Geography) School textbooks (Handwriting) School textbooks (Health) School textbooks (History) School textbooks (Home economics) School textbooks (Mathematics) School textbooks (Media) School textbooks (Music) School textbooks (Physical education) School textbooks (Reading) School textbooks (Religious education) School textbooks (Science) School textbooks (Social studies) School textbooks (Study methods) School textbooks (Sylheti) School textbooks (Vocational education) School textbooks (Ancient history) BT: School textbooks (History) School textbooks (Art) BT: School textbooks School textbooks (Astronomy) BT: School textbooks (Science) School textbooks (Bengali) BT: School textbooks School textbooks (Biology) BT: School textbooks (Science) School textbooks (Botany) BT: School textbooks (Science) School textbooks (British Empire) BT: School textbooks (History) School textbooks (British history) BT: School textbooks (History) School textbooks (Business and economics) BT: School textbooks School textbooks (Chemistry) BT: School textbooks (Science) School textbooks (Church history) BT: School textbooks (History) School textbooks (Classical history) BT: School textbooks (History) School textbooks (Design and technology) BT: School textbooks School textbooks (Domestic science) USE: School textbooks (Home economics) School textbooks (Drama) BT: School textbooks School textbooks (Early modern history) BT: School textbooks (History) School textbooks (English for speakers of other languages) USE: School textbooks (ESOL) School textbooks (English) BT: School textbooks School textbooks (ESOL) UF: School textbooks (English for speakers of other languages) BT: School textbooks School textbooks (European history) BT: School textbooks (History) School textbooks (French) BT: School textbooks School textbooks (General science) BT: School textbooks (Science) School textbooks (Geography) BT: School textbooks School textbooks (Handwriting) BT: School textbooks School textbooks (Health) BT: School textbooks School textbooks (History) BT: School textbooks NT: School textbooks (Ancient history) School textbooks (British Empire) School textbooks (British history) School textbooks (Church history) School textbooks (Classical history) School textbooks (Early modern history) School textbooks (European history) School textbooks (Late modern history) School textbooks (Medieval history) School textbooks (Religious history) School textbooks (Home economics) UF: School textbooks (Domestic science) BT: School textbooks School textbooks (Late modern history) BT: School textbooks (History) School textbooks (Mathematics) BT: School textbooks School textbooks (Media) BT: School textbooks School textbooks (Medieval history) BT: School textbooks (History) School textbooks (Music) BT: School textbooks School textbooks (Physical education) BT: School textbooks School textbooks (Physics) BT: School textbooks (Science) School textbooks (Reading) BT: School textbooks School textbooks (Religious education) BT: School textbooks School textbooks (Religious history) BT: School textbooks (History) School textbooks (Science) BT: School textbooks NT: School textbooks (Astronomy) School textbooks (Biology) School textbooks (Botany) School textbooks (Chemistry) School textbooks (General science) School textbooks (Physics) School textbooks (Technology) School textbooks (Zoology) School textbooks (Social studies) BT: School textbooks School textbooks (Study methods) BT: School textbooks School textbooks (Sylheti) BT: School textbooks School textbooks (Technology) BT: School textbooks (Science) School textbooks (Vocational education) BT: School textbooks School textbooks (Zoology) BT: School textbooks (Science) School time UF: School calendar School day School hours BT: Administration of education Time NT: Academic year Assemblies Half time schooling Timetables RT: Attendance Leisure Schools Study periods Vacations School to work transition SN: Process of moving from a school environment to a work environment and of personal adjustment thereto. UF: Transition from school to work BT: Life events RT: Education for working life Employment and education Occupational requirements Polytechnical education Prevocational education School leavers Young workers Youth employment Youth employment services Youth unemployment School transport UF: School buses BT: Transport RT: Isolated children Pupils Rules School mapping Schools School uniform USE: School clothing School Visits USE: Educational visits School year USE: Academic year Schoolchildren USE: Pupils Schools BT: Educational institutions NT: Academy schools Armed forces schools Board schools Boarding schools Boys' schools British schools Burgh schools Cathedral schools Charity schools Charter schools Choir schools Community schools Endowed schools Experimental schools Free schools Girls' schools Grant maintained schools Guild schools Holiday schools Independent schools Industrial schools International schools Madras schools Magnet schools Middle schools Mobile schools National schools Nongraded schools One teacher schools Open air schools Outward bound schools Parochial schools Primary schools Ragged schools Religious schools Secondary schools Ship schools Small schools Special schools Specialist schools RT: School adjustment School based innovations School based programmes School clothing School clusters School councils School effectiveness School histories School improvement School life School mapping School organisation School size School time School transport Schools abroad USE: International schools Schools broadcasts (radio) USE: Educational radio Schools broadcasts (television) USE: Educational television Schools broadcasts (TV) USE: Educational television Schools of education SN: Departments or institutes for teacher education and educational research, at universities or similar institutions. BT: Academic departments Universities RT: Educational research Research centres Teacher education Teacher education colleges Teachers' centres University institutes Science SN: Includes technology. UF: Natural sciences BT: [Science as a branch of learning] NT: Chronology Earth sciences Environmental sciences History of science Life sciences Physical sciences Scientific cooperation Scientific development Space sciences Technology RT: Academies of science Integrated science studies Philosophy of science Science fiction Science forecasting Scientific equipment Scientific research Scientists Sociology of science Science (examination subject) BT: Examination papers NT: Biology (examination subject) Botany (examination subject) Chemistry (examination subject) General science (examination subject) Physics (examination subject) Zoology (examination subject) Science administration UF: Technology administration BT: Administration RT: Science policy Scientific cooperation Scientific institutions Science and religion USE: Religion and science Science and society studies SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Science education RT: Controversial issues (subject matter) Social sciences Social studies Sociology education Sociology of science Technology education Science education SN: At primary level includes integrated science BT: [Subjects of instruction] NT: Astronomy education Environmental sciences education Geography education Integrated science studies Life sciences education Physical sciences education Science and society studies Technical drawing education Technical education Technology education RT: Academies of science Science ethics BT: Ethics RT: Medical ethics Philosophy of science Professional ethics Sociology of science Science fiction SN: Works about (for form type the term Science fiction novels is used). BT: Fiction Popular literature RT: Science Science fiction novels Science fiction novels SN: Form term. Actual science fiction novels. For works about, Science fiction is used. BT: Novels RT: Science fiction Science forecasting SN: Used for fairly general works on scientific or technological forecasting. For specific subjects, use specific term and Forecasting. BT: Forecasting RT: Future studies Futurology Science Science policy Scientific development Technological change Science policy UF: Technology policy BT: Policy RT: Science administration Science forecasting Scientific cooperation Scientific development Scientific cooperation UF: Technological cooperation BT: Science RT: Cooperation International cooperation Science administration Science policy Scientific development Scientific development BT: Science RT: Economic and social development Future studies History of science Science forecasting Science policy Scientific cooperation Scientific research Technological change Scientific equipment BT: Equipment RT: Electrical equipment Laboratories Science Scientific institutions UF: Technological institutions BT: [Educational organisations] NT: Academies of science RT: Associations Educational institutions History of science Learned societies Research centres Research councils Science administration Scientific research Scientific personnel UF: Technological personnel BT: Personnel NT: Geographers Laboratory staff Mathematicians Scientists Technologists RT: Computer personnel Researchers Scientific research SN: Used for fairly general works about the doing of scientific research. For works about doing research in a specific subject, specific term and Research are used. For research methods in sciences, appropriate term and Research methods are used. UF: Technological research BT: Research NT: Medical research Research and development RT: Laboratories Philosophy of science Science Scientific development Scientific institutions Social science research Sociology of science Scientists BT: Scientific personnel RT: Brain drain Engineers Intellectuals Science Social scientists Technologists Scoring USE: Rating Scotland SN: Most works on the UK or British Isles should be sought by means of the appropriate subjects heading/s rather than geographical ones. BT: Great Britain RT: Gaelic language Gaelic studies Scottish Certificate of Education BT: Qualifications Scottish Certificate of Education Higher Grade BT: Qualifications Scottish Gaelic USE: Gaelic language Scottish Vocational Qualifications UF: SVQ SVQ's BT: Qualifications Scouting (boys) USE: Youth organisations Scouts USE: Youth organisations Screening SN: Preliminary or preventative testing to identify individuals at risk of difficulty or impairment, or to determine their suitability for a certain type of treatment or education. Contrast Diagnostic testing. BT: Educational assessment RT: Diagnostic testing Medical inspection Preventive medicine Special educational needs Statements (special educational needs) Script systems USE: Writing systems Scriptures USE: Sacred texts Sculpture BT: Plastic arts RT: Sculpture education Woodwork Sculpture education BT: Art education RT: Children's art Handicrafts Plastic arts Sculpture Sea cadets USE: Youth organisations Seals (sigillography) USE: Sigillography SEBD USE: Emotional and behavioural difficulties Second language SN: A second language or L2 can be said to be any language learned in addition to one's mother tongues, especially in context of second language acquisition (that is, learning a new foreign language). (Wikipedia, accessed May 2014). For the teaching and learning of modern foreign languages, Modern languages education is used. UF: L2 BT: Language RT: Bilingual education Bilingual pupils Bilingualism Communicative competence Community languages education Core skills ESOL Foreign languages Interference (language) Language variation Modern languages education Second Life USE: Social media Secondary documents SN: Form term. Documents containing data or information about primary documents. UF: Bibliographic tools BT: [Form terms] NT: Concordances RT: Catalogues Reference materials Secondary education SN: Level of education following primary education, covering age approximately 11 years upwards. BT: Levels of education NT: Lower secondary education Middle secondary education Sixteen to nineteen education Upper secondary education RT: Adolescents College school cooperation Further education Middle years education Tertiary education Secondary modern schools SN: Secondary schools with a bias towards less academic education set up under the tripartite system of the 1944 Education Act (England and Wales). BT: Secondary schools RT: Comprehensive schools Grammar schools Technical schools Secondary school leaving USE: School leaving age Secondary schools SN: Management and building aspects only. Otherwise Secondary education is used. UF: High schools BT: Schools NT: Bilateral schools City technology colleges Comprehensive schools Grammar schools Junior colleges Language colleges Secondary modern schools Sixth form colleges Technical schools Technology colleges RT: Further education institutions Middle schools Tertiary education institutions Secondment UF: Placements (professional) BT: Employment RT: Educational leave Secrecy BT: Rights RT: Censorship Communication Freedom of expression Freedom of information Privacy Public relations State security Secretarial work UF: Office services Shorthand Typing BT: Occupations RT: Administration Desktop publishing Email Equipment Information handling Office workers Word processing Secretaries (chief administrators) USE: Chief administrative officers Secularism USE: Humanism Security BT: Social concepts Selection SN: Not selection of pupils or students for admission to courses of study (for which use Admission). UF: Recruitment methods BT: Recruitment RT: Interviews (recruitment) Selection (admission) USE: Admission Self-concept USE: Self concept Self-esteem USE: Self esteem Self assessment SN: Within an educational context. BT: Evaluation RT: Assignments Continuous assessment Examinations Multiple choice testing Self evaluation Self care skills SN: Ability to feed, dress and groom oneself. UF: Personal care skills BT: Skill RT: Human needs Hygiene Perceptual motor skills Self regulation Social education Self concept SN: One's self-concept (also called self-construction, self-identity or self-perspective) is a collection of beliefs about oneself that includes elements such as academic performance, gender roles and sexuality, racial identity, and many others. (Wikipedia, accessed October 2013) UF: Identity (personal) Personal identity Self-concept BT: Psychology NT: Racial identification RT: Cognitive therapy Consciousness Ego Humanistic psychology Individual differences Mixed race Personality Philosophy of mind Self perception Self control USE: Self regulation Self defence UF: Self defense BT: Psychosocial risk Self defense USE: Self defence Self discipline USE: Self regulation Self employment BT: Employment RT: Career choice Employers Home employment Working conditions Self esteem SN: Self-esteem is a term used in psychology to reflect person's overall emotional evaluation of his or her own worth. It is a judgment of oneself as well as an attitude toward the self. Self-esteem encompasses beliefs (for example, "I am competent," "I am worthy") and emotions such as triumph, despair, pride and shame. (Wikipedia, accessed October 2013) UF: High self-esteem High self esteem Low self-esteem Low self esteem Self-esteem BT: Psychology RT: Assertiveness Cognitive therapy Defence mechanisms Ego Humanistic psychology Inferiority complex Self perception Superiority complex Self evaluation BT: Evaluation RT: Accountability Autonomy Responsibility Self assessment Self perception Self help learning groups USE: Independent study groups Self injurious behavior USE: Self injurious behaviour Self injurious behaviour SN: Self destructive and self mutilating behaviour. UF: Self injurious behavior BT: Mental disorders RT: Antisocial behaviour Depression Emotional and behavioural difficulties Grief Suffering Suicide Self perception BT: Psychology Social perception RT: Cognitive therapy Ego Humanistic psychology Locus of control Personality Self concept Self esteem Self evaluation Self regulation Self protection SN: Precautionary behaviour which can be followed by children or other potentially vulnerable members of society to minimise the risks of physical, sexual or other kinds of abuse. BT: Psychosocial risk RT: Bullying Child abuse Child sexual abuse Cruelty Domestic violence Sexual harassment Sexual practices Violence Self regulation UF: Self control Self discipline BT: Discipline Traits RT: Autonomy Cognitive therapy Habit Metacognition Personal conflict Risk taking Self care skills Self perception Time management Time perception Will Selling USE: Marketing Semantics SN: Study of meaning UF: Meaning BT: Linguistics NT: Pragmatics Semiotics RT: Conceptual analysis Conceptualisation Etymology Functional grammar Generative grammar Grammar Hermeneutics Lexicography Philosophy of language Pragmatism Terminology Transformational grammar Vocabulary Seminars UF: Conferences (teaching method) Workshops (teaching method) BT: Teaching methods RT: Conferences Congresses Discussions Group work Lectures Lessons Meetings Tutorials Semiology USE: Semiotics Semiotic studies USE: Semiotics Semiotics SN: The study of signs and sign processes (semiosis), indication, designation, likeness, analogy, metaphor, symbolism, signification, and communication. Closely related to the field of linguistics, semiotics also studies non-linguistic sign systems. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) UF: Semiology Semiotic studies BT: Semantics RT: Pattern perception Sign language Signs Symbolic languages Symbolic learning Symbolic processes Symbols SEN USE: Special educational needs SEN coordinators USE: Special educational needs coordinators Senates (academic) USE: Administrative structure Senators USE: Politicians SENCOs USE: Special educational needs coordinators Senegal BT: West Africa RT: French speaking Africa Islamic countries Senior Certificate BT: Qualifications Senior citizens USE: Older adults Senior local examination BT: Examinations Sensation USE: Perception Sense organs USE: Sensory systems Sensitivity training BT: Social relationships RT: Affective education Group behaviour Group dynamics Group therapy Group work Group work (social work) Interpersonal relations Psychotherapy Role playing Social education Sensory aids USE: Prosthetics Sensory systems UF: Sense organs BT: Neurology NT: Hearing Pain Sight Smell Taste Touch RT: Brain Perceptual motor disorders Perceptual motor processes Somaesthetic perception Sentences USE: Grammar Separation (marriage) USE: Marriage dissolution Sequential learning SN: Learning situation in which tasks are generally carried out one at a time, with tasks later in the sequence building on learning achieved earlier in the sequence. BT: Learning RT: Associative learning Feedback (learning) Instructional design Lesson planning Programmed instruction Spiral curriculum Structural learning Transfer Serbia SN: From 2006. For 2003-2006, Serbia and Montenegro is used. BT: Eastern Europe RT: Serbia and Montenegro Serbocroatian language Serbocroatian studies Yugoslavia Serbia and Montenegro SN: From 2003 until 2006. Prior to 2003 Yugoslavia is used. BT: [Former states and territories] RT: Eastern Europe Montenegro Serbia Serbocroatian language Serbocroatian studies Yugoslavia Serbian USE: Serbocroatian language Serbo-croat USE: Serbocroatian language Serbo-croatian USE: Serbocroatian language Serbocroat USE: Serbocroatian language Serbocroatian language UF: Croatian Serbian Serbo-croat Serbo-croatian Serbocroat BT: European languages Indo-European languages RT: Bosnia-Hercegovina Montenegro Serbia Serbia and Montenegro Serbocroatian studies Yugoslavia Serbocroatian studies SN: Learning and teaching all aspects of Serbocroat language, life or culture. BT: East European studies Modern languages education RT: Bosnia-Hercegovina Croatia Montenegro Serbia Serbia and Montenegro Serbocroatian language Yugoslavia Serial learning SN: Learning to make a series of responses in a prescribed order. BT: Learning RT: Memorisation Rote learning Verbal learning Serials UF: Magazines BT: Books RT: Comics Newspapers Periodicals Press Service industries BT: Industry NT: Film industry Tourism RT: Catering Leisure facilities Services BT: [Services, facilities and equipment] NT: Catering Customer care Educational support services Maintenance (of services and facilities) Transport Set books SN: Prescribed reading texts on which pupils or students will be examined. BT: Books RT: Examinations Language studies Literature education Modern languages education Syllabus construction Setting USE: Ability grouping Severe learning difficulties SN: Children with an intellectual impairment, usually organically caused, who generally function at less than half the level to be expected for their chronological age. UF: ESN (severe) Severe mental retardation Severely subnormal BT: Learning difficulties NT: Profound learning difficulties RT: Down's syndrome Feral children Mild learning difficulties Moderate learning difficulties Severe mental retardation USE: Severe learning difficulties Severely subnormal USE: Severe learning difficulties Sex differences BT: Individual differences NT: Androgyny RT: Boys Femininity Gender and education Girls Group differences Masculinity Men Nature nurture controversy Sex discrimination Sex role Sexism Sexual development Sex discrimination SN: Actual discriminatory practices, rather than ideology. BT: Social inequality Social problems RT: Antisexist education Equal opportunity Feminism Gender and education Men Sex differences Sex role Sexism Sexual harassment Women's rights Sex education BT: Health education RT: AIDS Family life education Family planning Family planning education Moral education Sexual development Sexual harassment Sexually transmitted diseases Sex equality SN: Description of nonsexist practices, for example in child rearing or education. Not used for sex discrimination. BT: Equality RT: Antisexist education Equal education Equal opportunity Feminism Men Sex role Sexism Women's rights Sex role UF: Gender BT: Personality Role RT: Androgyny Femininity Feminism Gender and education Heterosexism Homosexuality Masculinity Men Sex differences Sex discrimination Sex equality Transsexualism Sex role and education USE: Gender and education Sexism SN: Ideology explicitly or implicitly supporting discriminatory treatment of one sex (usually women) seen as inferior or subordinate. BT: Discrimination Ideology RT: Antisexist education Bias Femininity Feminism Masculinity Men Prejudice Sex differences Sex discrimination Sex equality Stereotyping Sexual behavior USE: Sexuality Sexual behaviour USE: Sexuality Sexual development SN: When applied to a particular age group, used with age group term (for example, Preschool children) not with development term (for example, Preschool development), unless the general development at that stage of life is also being discussed. BT: Developmental psychology RT: Emotional development Erotica Homosexuality Menstruation Moral development Personality development Puberty Sex differences Sex education Transsexualism Sexual harassment SN: Unsolicited or unwelcome sexual behaviour by any individual that interferes with work, study or everyday life and creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive environment. BT: Sexual practices Social problems RT: Child sexual abuse Rape Self protection Sex discrimination Sex education Sexual offences USE: Sexual practices Sexual offenses USE: Sexual practices Sexual practices SN: Sexual behaviour practices which may be, or be seen to be, deviant, illegal or offensive. UF: Sexual offences Sexual offenses BT: Sexuality NT: Child sexual abuse Rape Sexual harassment RT: AIDS Erotica Heterosexism Homosexuality Lesbianism Male homosexuality Pornography Self protection Sexually transmitted diseases Transsexualism Sexuality UF: Sexual behavior Sexual behaviour BT: Behaviour NT: Bisexuality Erotica Homosexuality Pornography Sexual practices Transsexualism RT: Androgyny Family planning Interpersonal attraction Lesbianism Love Sexually transmitted diseases Sexually transmitted diseases UF: Venereal diseases BT: Infectious diseases RT: Sex education Sexual practices Sexuality Seychelles BT: East Africa RT: Commonwealth of Nations English speaking Africa French speaking Africa Islands Shamanism SN: Practice that involves a practioner, or shaman, reaching altered states of consciouness in order to encounter and interact act with the spirit world. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Ancient religions Shame BT: Emotion RT: Anxiety Conscience Guilt Moral behaviour Shape perception USE: Pattern perception Ship schools BT: Schools RT: Open air schools Outdoor pursuits Study tours Shoah USE: Holocaust Shock treatment UF: Electric shock treatment Electroconvulsive therapy BT: Psychotherapy RT: Brain surgery Drug psychotherapy Shooting (films) USE: Film making Short courses BT: Courses RT: Educational leave Flexible study Holiday schools Residential courses Summer schools Short stories SN: Form term. BT: [Form terms] RT: Novels Short term memory UF: Working memory BT: Memory RT: Forgetting Human information processing Long term memory Shorthand USE: Secretarial work Shorthand education USE: Office studies Show jumping USE: Equestrian sports Shyness UF: Timidity BT: Traits RT: Anxiety Inferiority complex Sociability Social adjustment Siam USE: Thailand Siblings UF: Brothers Sisters BT: Children Families NT: Twins RT: Birth order Only children Sick children BT: Child health NT: Hospitalised children RT: Asthma Cerebral palsy Epilepsy Health visiting Home care Hospital schools Illness Muscular dystrophy Perinatal risk Spina bifida Sickness USE: Illness Sidedness USE: Lateral dominance Sierra Leone BT: West Africa RT: Commonwealth of Nations English speaking Africa Sight SN: Anatomy and physiology of sight; for psychology or philosophy of sight, Visual perception is used. UF: Eyes Vision BT: Sensory systems RT: Blindness Partial vision Prosthetics Visual impairments Visual learning Visual perception Sight method SN: Method of teaching reading based on recognition and pronunciation of whole words BT: [Literacy, reading and writing] RT: Phonics Reading education Real books approach Sigillography SN: The study of seals attached to documents as a source of historical information. It concentrates on the legal and social meaning of seals, as well as the evolution of their design. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) UF: Seals (sigillography) BT: Archaeology History RT: Numismatics Plastic arts Sign language BT: Languages RT: Deafness Hearing impairment Nonverbal communication Semiotics Signs Symbolic languages Significance testing BT: Statistical analysis Statistical tests RT: Correlation Multivariate analysis Regression analysis Variance analysis Signs BT: Communication Visual materials RT: Pattern perception Semiotics Sign language Symbols Sikhism BT: Modern religions RT: Asians India South Asia Silent reading BT: Reading RT: Oral reading Reading education Reading habit Speed reading Simplifications USE: Adaptations Simulation BT: Research methods NT: Computer simulation RT: Academic games Game theory Management techniques Mathematical models Microteaching Models Simulation games USE: Academic games Sindhi USE: Punjabi language Singapore BT: Southeast Asia RT: Chinese language Chinese people Chinese studies Commonwealth of Nations Malay language Singing USE: Vocal music Single parent children USE: Parentally deprived children Single parent families USE: One parent families Single parent family USE: One parent families Single sex education BT: Gender and education RT: Boys' schools Coeducation Educational segregation Girls' schools Men's education Women's education Sisters USE: Siblings Sitting in (workers) USE: Industrial conflict Sixteen to nineteen education SN: Education for ages approximately 16 to 19, in schools and/or in the further or tertiary sector. BT: Secondary education RT: Community colleges County colleges CPVE Further education GNVQs Junior colleges Prevocational education Sixth form colleges Sixth forms Technical colleges Tertiary colleges Unified curriculum Upper secondary education Youth Youth employment YTS Sixth form colleges SN: Colleges separate from secondary schools but offering courses normally studied in sixth forms, for students of approximately 16-18. BT: Secondary schools RT: Community colleges County colleges Junior colleges Sixteen to nineteen education Sixth forms Technical colleges Tertiary colleges Upper secondary education Sixth forms SN: Used only if work specifically mentions sixth forms. Otherwise Upper secondary education is used. Not used with Examinations. BT: School organisation RT: Academic education Sixteen to nineteen education Sixth form colleges Tertiary colleges Upper secondary education Skating USE: Winter sports Skepticism USE: Scepticism Sketching USE: Drawing Skiing USE: Winter sports Skill UF: Human performance (general) BT: Cognition NT: Basic skills Core skills Perceptual motor skills Reflective practice Self care skills Teaching skills RT: Ability Aptitude Human capital Practical skills education Skilled workers Training Skilled workers BT: Workers RT: Manual workers Skill Technicians Skills (occupational) USE: Occupational requirements Skype USE: Teleconferencing Slang USE: Colloquial language Slavery UF: Abolition of slavery BT: Social stratification RT: Coercion Conscription Feudalism Oppression Racial discrimination Social inequality Sleep BT: Rest RT: Dreams Hypnosis Sleep disorders Suggestion Unconscious Sleep disorders BT: Disorders RT: Sleep Slovak language BT: European languages Indo-European languages RT: Czechoslovakia Slovakia Slovakia SN: After partition of Czechoslovakia BT: Eastern Europe RT: Czech Republic Czechoslovakia Slovak language Slovenia BT: Eastern Europe Mediterranean countries RT: Yugoslavia Slow learners USE: Mild learning difficulties Slums BT: Social problems Urban areas RT: Depressed areas Disadvantage Housing Hygiene Inner cities Public health Public housing Urban development Urbanisation Small schools SN: Less than 200 pupils (primary) or 300 (secondary). Used if author has indicated that lack of size is relevant. BT: School organisation Schools RT: Amalgamation Class size Closure Community and education Enrolment Multiple classes One teacher schools Reorganisation of education Rural education School clusters Small states SN: States with population below 1.5 million, but also used for any work employing such a term. Mostly, but not exclusively, they are developing countries. BT: [Geographical locations] RT: Bahamas Belize Cape Verde Cayman Islands Cook Islands Developing countries Development aid Dominica Economic and social development Fiji Islands Kiribati Liechtenstein Luxembourg Maldives Malta Mauritius Melanesia Micronesia Micronesia (Federated States) Monaco Montenegro Nauru Netherlands Antilles Niue Northern Mariana Islands Pacific Palau Pitcairn Islands Polynesia Saint Kitts-Nevis Samoa San Marino São Tome and Principe Solomon Islands Timor-Leste Tokelau Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Vatican City West Indies Zanzibar Smell UF: Olfactory perception BT: Perception Sensory systems RT: Taste Smoking UF: Tobacco abuse Tobacco addiction BT: Addiction RT: Drug abuse Drug education Heart disease Snooker USE: Ball games Snooker and billiards USE: Ball games Soccer USE: Football Sociability UF: Gregariousness BT: Traits RT: Cooperation Friendship Group behaviour Interpersonal attraction Prosocial behaviour Psychosocial development Shyness Social action BT: [Social context for human activity] NT: Affirmative action Caregiving Civil disturbances Community action Community care Community work Conflict resolution Day care Development aid Development education Disaster relief work Fostering Group work (social work) Home care Intervention Maternity services Organisation development Philanthropy Planning Policy making Programmes Rehabilitation Social protest Social reform Social security Social welfare Voluntary work Youth work RT: Political participation Social conflict Social movements Social participation Social adjustment BT: Social behaviour NT: School adjustment RT: Attitude change Ecological psychology Shyness Social conditions Social control Social environment Social influence Social integration Social participation Social psychiatry Social administration UF: Welfare administration BT: Public administration RT: Economic and social planning Social policy Social reform Social services Social welfare Welfare economics Social alienation USE: Alienation Social anthropology SN: Social anthropology is one of the branches of anthropology that studies how contemporary human beings behave in social groups. UF: Cultural anthropology BT: Anthropology NT: Rituals RT: Anthropology education Anthropology of education Archaeology Comparative psychology Cross cultural psychology Cultural studies Customs and traditions Oral culture Prehistory Primitive cultures Sociobiology Sociology Sociology of culture Traditional cultures Social behavior USE: Social behaviour Social behaviour UF: Social behavior BT: Behaviour Social psychology NT: Community behaviour Competition Cooperation Cultural behaviour Group behaviour Institutionalisation Language behaviour Organisational behaviour Social adjustment Social influence Social integration Social interaction Social participation Sociobiology RT: Role Social exchange Social blogs USE: Social media Social bookmarking USE: Social media Social change BT: Change Sociology NT: Cultural change Revolution RT: Economic and social development Educational change Future studies Futurology Industrial development Political development Social history Social reform Social choice SN: Process by which a group of individuals agree rationally on some course of action, even when it appears to be counter to the interests of some of them. UF: Collective choice BT: Choice Prosocial behaviour RT: Community behaviour Decision making Group behaviour Social influence Social class UF: Class (social) BT: Social stratification NT: Middle class Upper class Working class RT: Class consciousness Disadvantage Educational background Social conflict Social groups Social inequality Social mobility Social opportunity Social status Wealth Social cognition USE: Cognitive social psychology Social concepts BT: [Social context for human activity] NT: Accountability Autonomy Bias Bureaucracy Change Choice Conformity Conservatism Consumption Economic materialism Everyday life Failure Freedom Ideology Morality Norms Obligation Prejudice Public opinion Quality of life Reliability Responsibility Rituals Role Security Social justice Supply and demand Validity Value Social conditions SN: Sociographic accounts of conditions in particular countries, areas, social positions or similar. BT: Social context RT: Community psychology Comparative sociology Ethnography Everyday life Quality of life Rural sociology Social adjustment Social environment Social factors Social history Urban sociology Social conflict BT: Social problems RT: Civil disturbances Civil war Class consciousness Coercion Conflict resolution Grievance procedures Intergroup relations Interpersonal conflict Political violence Racial harassment Revolution Social action Social class Social protest Social stratification Student unrest Social context BT: [Social context for human activity] NT: Religion and state Social conditions Social factors Social mobility Social opportunity RT: Social stratification Social control BT: Social relationships RT: Coercion Conformity Control of education Cultural imperialism Etiquette Morality Norms Oppression Power Rituals Social adjustment Social influence Social integration Social democracy BT: Political theory RT: Capitalism Left (political) Liberalism Radicalism Socialism Socialism and education Social disadvantage USE: Disadvantage Social education SN: Curriculum subject. Education in social and life skills. UF: Personal and social education PSE PSHE Social skills education BT: Social science education RT: Affective education Basic education Citizenship education Economic awareness Education for working life Family life education Functional literacy education Moral education Self care skills Sensitivity training Social environment BT: Environment NT: Cultural environment RT: Built environment Communities Ecological psychology Educational environment Ethnography Everyday life Human ecology Human geography Interactional psychology Quality of life Social adjustment Social conditions Social factors Social psychiatry Social stratification Social exchange SN: Social interaction viewed in economic, profit, value or resource terms, with participants gaining rewards in exchange for the rewards which they themselves give (material or psychological). BT: Social relationships RT: Cooperation Expectations Incentives Interpersonal influence Interpersonal relations Prosocial behaviour Social behaviour Social interaction Social perception Social factors SN: Social aspects of a process (for example, environmental planning). BT: Social context RT: Comparative sociology Social conditions Social environment Social history Social stratification Sociology Social geography USE: Human geography Social group work USE: Group work (social work) Social groups BT: Groups NT: Age groups Audiences Communities Community leaders Consumers Elites Ethnic groups Exceptional people Foreigners Intellectuals Nomads Peer groups Prisoners Religious groups Social movements RT: Group differences Intergroup relations Social class Social status Social stratification Subcultures Social history BT: History RT: Childhood reminiscences Cultural history Economic and social development Economic history Literary history Political history Social change Social conditions Social factors Sociology Social inequality SN: An applied term, used with terms such as Public health to indicate variation or inequality whether regional, stratificational or from some other cause. Not used by itself for stratification. BT: Social stratification NT: Discrimination in education Racial discrimination Sex discrimination RT: Bias Cultural bias Economic sociology Minority groups Slavery Social class Social opportunity Social influence BT: Social behaviour RT: Attitude change Ecological psychology Interpersonal influence Peer groups Persuasion Social adjustment Social choice Social control Social integration Subcultures Social insurance USE: Social welfare Social integration BT: Social behaviour RT: Alienation Coercion Cultural assimilation Institutionalisation Multiracial communities Norms Race relations Social adjustment Social control Social influence Social participation Social interaction UF: Interpersonal contact Personal contact BT: Social behaviour NT: Classroom interaction RT: Conversation Ethnomethodology Interpersonal communication Nonverbal communication Pragmatics Role Social exchange Social perception Social stratification Sociometry Symbolic interaction Social justice SN: Social justice is justice exercised within a society, particularly as it is applied to and among the various social classes of a society. A socially just society is one based upon the principles of equality and solidarity; which pedagogy also maintains that a socially just society both understands and values human rights, as well as recognizing the dignity of every human being. (Wikipedia, accessed October 2013) BT: Justice Social concepts RT: Human rights Philosophy of law Social justice education USE: Human rights education Social media SN: Refers to the means of interactions among people in which they create, share, and exchange information and ideas in virtual communities and networks. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) UF: Blogs Facebook Internet forums Microblogging Podcasts Second Life Social blogs Social bookmarking Social networking Social networks Twitter Web 2.0 Weblogs Wikipedia Wikis Youtube BT: Internet Social mobility BT: Social context RT: Career development Middle class Social class Social opportunity Social status Social stratification Upper class Working class Social movements SN: Groups seeking to bring about change in society, either by peaceful or by violent means. BT: Social groups NT: Feminism Green movement Labour movement Liberation movements Youth movements RT: Cultural change Cultural revolution Ethnic groups Pacifism Political parties Political sociology Pressure groups Social action Social protest Social reform Social networking USE: Social media Social networks USE: Social media Social opportunity UF: Life chances BT: Social context RT: Educational benefits Educational opportunity Employment and education Equal opportunity Quality of life Role of education Social class Social inequality Social mobility Social status Social stratification Social origin USE: Social status Social participation SN: Participation by individuals in social and/or community activities. BT: Participation Social behaviour RT: Alienation Community behaviour Cultural participation Political participation Public participation in planning Social action Social adjustment Social integration Social perception UF: Interpersonal perception Person perception BT: Cognitive social psychology NT: Self perception Stereotyping RT: Attitudes Attribution Cognitive therapy Empathy Ethnomethodology Role Social exchange Social interaction Social psychology Symbolic interaction Social policy BT: Government policy Policy RT: Cultural policy Economic and social development Economic and social planning Economic policy Educational policy Labour policy Language policy Social administration Social services Welfare economics Social problems BT: [Social context for human activity] NT: Addiction Antisocial behaviour Bullying Cheating Child abuse Child sexual abuse Children's problems Crime Delinquency Depressed areas Deserted children Disadvantage Disasters Domestic violence Drug abuse Family problems Famine Floods Fraud Homelessness Illegitimacy Illiteracy Malnutrition Mental disorders Plagiarism Police brutality Prostitution Psychosocial risk Racial discrimination Racial harassment Rape Runaways Sex discrimination Sexual harassment Slums Social conflict Substance abuse Vagrants Vandalism Violence RT: Community psychology Controversial issues (subject matter) Social services Social protest BT: Social action NT: Civil disobedience RT: Civil disturbances Pressure groups Social conflict Social movements Social reform Student unrest Social psychiatry BT: Psychiatry RT: Family therapy Mental health services Psychiatric social workers Psychosocial development Psychotherapy Social adjustment Social environment Social psychology BT: Psychology NT: Cognitive social psychology Interpersonal relations Participation Social behaviour Social psychology of education RT: Affective psychology Communication psychology Ecological psychology Economic psychology Social perception Social psychology of education BT: [Teaching and study] Educational psychology Social psychology NT: Behaviour modification Behavioural objectives Discipline Disruptive behaviour Educational background Educational environment Parents and schools Pastoral care Staff student relations Teacher pupil relations Social reform BT: Social action RT: Cultural revolution Economic and social planning Educational reform Pressure groups Radicalism Social administration Social change Social movements Social protest Social relations USE: Social relationships Social relationships UF: Social relations BT: [Social context for human activity] NT: Child rearing Class consciousness Coercion Competition Consent Cooperation Group behaviour Group differences Group dynamics Intergroup relations International understanding Leadership Oppression Persuasion Power Sensitivity training Social control Social exchange Social status Social stratification Social role USE: Role Social science education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: [Subjects of instruction] NT: Affective education Careers education Citizenship education Economics education Education for working life Education studies Family life education Future studies Geography education Home economics education Human rights education International studies Legal education Leisure studies Local studies Management and industry studies Media studies Politics education Psychology education Social education Social studies Sociology education RT: Humanities education Social science research Social science research SN: Used for fairly general works about the doing of social science research. For works about doing research on a particular subject the appropriate term and Research are used. For research methods in social sciences, the appropriate discipline term and Research methods are used. Social science research and Research methods are used for general works. BT: Research NT: Educational research Market research RT: Humanities research Scientific research Social science education Social sciences Sociology of research Social sciences UF: Behavioral sciences Behavioural sciences BT: [Social sciences as a branch of learning] NT: Administration Economics Futurology Geography Law Management Political science Rights Sociology RT: Humanities Philosophy of social science Science and society studies Social science research Social scientists BT: Professional personnel NT: Sociologists RT: Brain drain Historians Intellectuals Researchers Scientists Social security BT: Social action RT: Disadvantage Financial support Insurance Legal aid Maternity provisions Paternity provisions Pensions Poverty Welfare economics Social services UF: Personal social services Welfare services BT: Social welfare RT: Health services Human needs Social administration Social policy Social problems Social work Social workers Social skills education USE: Social education Social status SN: Status as distinct from social class. UF: Social origin Socioeconomic status BT: Social relationships RT: Economic materialism Elites Power Professional status Social class Social groups Social mobility Social opportunity Social stratification Social stratification BT: Social relationships Sociology NT: Elites Slavery Social class Social inequality RT: Division of labour Income distribution Power Social conflict Social context Social environment Social factors Social groups Social interaction Social mobility Social opportunity Social status Social studies SN: Adaptations of knowledge from the social sciences for teaching purposes at primary and secondary levels of education. Contrast Sociology studies BT: Social science education RT: Citizenship education Controversial issues (subject matter) Economics education General studies Geography education Industrial studies Local history studies Modern history Science and society studies Urban studies Social theory BT: Theory Social welfare UF: Benefits (social security) Income support National insurance Social insurance Welfare BT: Social action NT: Child welfare Educational welfare Social services Social work RT: Community psychology Disadvantage Public health Social administration Social workers Welfare economics Social work BT: Social welfare NT: Group work (social work) RT: Caring professions Community care Community work Counselling Day care Disaster relief work Health visiting Home care Rehabilitation Social services Social work education Social workers Voluntary work Youth work Social work education SN: Curriculum subject. UF: Social work studies BT: Vocational education RT: Social work Social workers Sociology education Social work studies USE: Social work education Social work with children USE: Child welfare Social workers BT: Professional personnel NT: Educational social workers Psychiatric social workers RT: Caring professions Community leaders Guidance officers Social services Social welfare Social work Social work education Youth leaders Social, emotional and behavioral difficulties USE: Emotional and behavioural difficulties Social, emotional and behavioural difficulties USE: Emotional and behavioural difficulties Socialisation SN: Used by itself to signify socialisation in childhood and/or adolescence. Otherwise add appropriate age term, (for example, Preschool children or Young adults). When applied to a particular age group, used with age group term (for example, Preschool children) not with development term (for example, Preschool development), unless the general development at that stage of life is also being discussed. UF: Socialization BT: Developmental psychology RT: Cognitive development Cognitive social psychology Conformity Conscience Cultural behaviour Cultural environment Educational environment Educational psychology Imitation Implicit learning Incidental learning Inhibitions Moral behaviour Moral development Morality Peer groups Socialism BT: Political theory RT: Capitalism Collectivist economy Communism Conservatism Labour movement Left (political) Liberalism Marxism Radicalism Social democracy Socialism and education State intervention Socialism and education SN: Non-Marxist socialist perspectives on education, and criticism of them BT: Politics and education RT: Communism Communist countries Educational theory Marxism and education Philosophy of education Radical education Social democracy Socialism Socialization USE: Socialisation Socially disadvantaged people USE: Disadvantage Societies USE: Associations Sociobiology SN: Study of the biological basis of social behaviour, especially as such behaviour is transmitted genetically. BT: Biology Social behaviour RT: Adaptation (biological) Animal behaviour Anthropology Behaviour Comparative psychology Ecology Evolution Evolutionism Genetics Heredity Instinct Moral behaviour Social anthropology Zoology Sociodrama USE: Role playing Socioeconomic indicators UF: Economic indicators BT: Indicators RT: Birth rate Census Cost of living Econometrics Economic analysis Economic and social planning Economic conditions Economic growth Inflation Mortality Socioeconomic status USE: Social status Sociolinguistics SN: Sociolinguistics is the descriptive study of the effect of any and all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context, on the way language is used, and the effects of language use on society. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) UF: Sociology of language BT: Linguistics Sociology NT: Code switching (language) RT: Applied linguistics Bilingualism Contrastive linguistics Creoles Dialects Language behaviour Language policy Language variation Multilingualism Pidgins Pragmatics Psycholinguistics Sociology of communication Sociology of culture Vernacular languages Sociologists BT: Social scientists RT: Psychologists Sociology Sociology BT: Social sciences NT: Comparative sociology Critical sociology Economic sociology Ethnomethodology Families Gerontology Groups Hermeneutics Home economics Marxism Occupational sociology Political sociology Population Rural sociology Social change Social stratification Sociolinguistics Sociology of art Sociology of communication Sociology of culture Sociology of education Sociology of knowledge Sociology of law Sociology of medicine Sociology of religion Sociology of research Sociology of science Sociology of time Symbolic interaction Urban sociology RT: Social anthropology Social factors Social history Sociologists Sociology education SN: Curriculum subject (sociology as an academic subject). Contrast Social studies. UF: Sociology studies BT: Social science education NT: Antisexist education Men's studies Rural studies Urban studies Women's studies Youth studies RT: Anthropology education Black studies Cultural studies Development studies Economics education Education studies Human geography education Industrial studies Psychology education Science and society studies Social work education Sociology of art BT: Sociology RT: Art criticism Art history Art styles Arts Sociology of culture Sociology of communication SN: Used with terms such as Broadcasting or Mass media to indicate genuinely sociological treatments of such subjects. BT: Sociology RT: Mass communication Mass media Public relations Sociolinguistics Sociology of culture BT: Sociology RT: Anthropology of education Civilisation Cross cultural analysis Cross cultural psychology Cultural assimilation Cultural behaviour Cultural bias Cultural contact Cultural environment Cultural identity Cultural imperialism Cultural isolation Cultural pluralism Cultural studies Culture History of ideas Oral culture Popular culture Primitive cultures Social anthropology Sociolinguistics Sociology of art Subcultures Traditional cultures Sociology of education BT: Education Sociology NT: Community and education Educational benefits Home and school Home background Parents and schools Rural education Sociology of educational knowledge Urban education RT: Anthropology of education Cultural environment Culture and education Educational background Educational environment Educational opportunity Marxism and education Teacher role Sociology of education knowledge USE: Sociology of educational knowledge Sociology of educational knowledge SN: Sociological study of packaging and/or transmission of accepted knowledge in the educational setting. UF: Sociology of education knowledge BT: Sociology of education Sociology of knowledge RT: Cultural environment Culture and education Curriculum Curriculum development Curriculum relevance Educational environment Educational values Sociology of knowledge SN: Sociological study of the way in which knowledge is originally gained or constructed BT: Sociology NT: Genetic epistemology Sociology of educational knowledge RT: Classification Critical sociology Dissemination of information Epistemology Hermeneutics History of ideas Knowledge Philosophy of science Philosophy of social science Relativism Research methodology Sociology of religion Sociology of research Sociology of science Typology Sociology of language USE: Sociolinguistics Sociology of law BT: Law Sociology RT: Administration of justice Criminology Law enforcement Legal profession Legal theory Sociology of leisure USE: Leisure Sociology of medicine BT: Sociology RT: Illness Medical profession Medical sciences Sociology of science Sociology of religion BT: Sociology RT: Ideology Indoctrination Morality Psychology of religion Religion Religious pluralism Sociology of knowledge Sociology of research SN: Used in relation to social science or other research, except for scientific research, when Sociology of science is used. BT: Sociology RT: Educational research Humanities research Research Social science research Sociology of knowledge Sociology of science Sociology of science UF: Sociology of technology BT: Sociology RT: Philosophy of science Science Science and society studies Science ethics Scientific research Sociology of knowledge Sociology of medicine Sociology of research Sociology of technology USE: Sociology of science Sociology of time BT: Sociology RT: Time Time management Time perception Timetables Sociology studies USE: Sociology education Sociometry SN: Quantitative method for measuring social relationships (study of the preferences, likes, dislikes of the members of a group with respect to each other, as well as of the various patterns of group structure or interaction). BT: Measurement RT: Group dynamics Interpersonal attraction Interpersonal relations Models Social interaction Soil science BT: Earth sciences RT: Agriculture Forestry Horticulture Physical geography Sole parent families USE: One parent families Sole parent family USE: One parent families Solicitors USE: Lawyers Solo parent families USE: One parent families Solo parent family USE: One parent families Solomon Islands BT: Melanesia RT: Commonwealth of Nations Islands Small states Somaesthetic perception UF: Kinaesthetic perception Kinesthetic perception Somesthetic perception BT: Perception RT: Movement Pain Sensory systems Touch Somali language BT: African languages RT: Somalia Somali studies SN: Learning and teaching all aspects of Somali language, life and culture. BT: African studies Modern languages education RT: Somalia Somalis Somalia BT: East Africa RT: Arab countries Islamic countries Somali language Somali studies Somalis Somalis BT: Africans RT: Minority groups Somali studies Somalia Somesthetic perception USE: Somaesthetic perception Songs BT: Vocal music RT: Folk music Pop music Sorcery USE: Magic Sorrow USE: Grief Sound UF: Noise BT: Physics RT: Hearing Sound equipment USE: Audio equipment Sound recording SN: Used for the process of recording. UF: Audio recording BT: Audio materials RT: Audio equipment Audiovisual instruction Broadcasting Educational broadcasting Educational radio Language laboratories Multimedia Radio Sound recordings Sound recordings SN: Used for works about recordings (for example, use of sound recordings in the classroom). UF: Audio recordings BT: Audio materials RT: Audio equipment Audiovisual aids Instructional materials Learning resources Sound recording Video recordings Sound systems USE: Audio equipment South Africa BT: Southern Africa RT: Afrikaans language Afrikaans studies Black people Cape Coloureds Commonwealth of Nations English speaking Africa South America BT: Americas NT: Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Falkland Islands French Guiana Guyana Paraguay Peru Suriname Uruguay Venezuela RT: Amerindian languages Latin America South Asia BT: Asia NT: Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka RT: Buddhism and education Hinduism Hinduism and education Hindus Sikhism South Asian languages SN: Indigenous languages spoken in South Asia BT: Asian languages NT: Bengali language Gujarati language Hindi language Punjabi language Tamil language Urdu language South Korea USE: Korea (South) South Sudan SN: From 2011 (Sudan used prior to this date). BT: East Africa RT: English speaking Africa Sudan South Yemen USE: Yemen (People's Democratic Republic) Southeast Asia BT: Asia NT: Brunei Burma Cambodia Indonesia Laos Malaysia Singapore Thailand Timor-Leste Vietnam RT: Buddhism and education Hinduism Hinduism and education Islam and education Pacific Southeast Asian languages SN: Indigenous languages spoken in South East Asia BT: Asian languages NT: Malay language Thai language Vietnamese language Southern Africa BT: Africa NT: Botswana Lesotho Madagascar Malawi Mauritius Mozambique Namibia Reunion Saint Helena South Africa Swaziland Zambia Zimbabwe RT: Angola Soviet Union SN: Used for works about USSR before the independence of constituent republics in 1991. UF: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics USSR BT: [Former states and territories] RT: Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Central Asia Estonia Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania Moldova Russia Russian formalism Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Space communication BT: Space technology RT: Remote sensing Satellite technology Space sciences Space photography BT: Photography RT: Aerial photography Astronomy Cartography Remote sensing Space sciences Space technology Space sciences SN: Prefer Astronomy unless work includes space technology. BT: Science NT: Astronomy RT: Earth sciences Space communication Space photography Space technology Space technology BT: Aerospace engineering Technology NT: Space communication RT: Astronomy Satellite technology Space photography Space sciences Space utilisation SN: Maximising the use of teaching or other space at all times. UF: Space utilitzation BT: Building design RT: Educational buildings Furniture Land use Open plan design School buildings Surveying Space utilitzation USE: Space utilisation Spain BT: Mediterranean countries Western Europe RT: Basque language Hispanic studies Spanish language Spanish studies Spanish (examination subject) BT: Modern languages (examination subject) Spanish language BT: European languages Indo-European languages RT: Hispanic Americans Hispanic studies Latin America Latin American studies Mexican Americans Spain Spanish studies Spanish studies SN: Used for the learning and teaching of all aspects of Spanish language, life and culture BT: Hispanic studies RT: Basque language Hispanic Americans Mexican Americans Spain Spanish language Sparsely populated areas BT: Human geography Spastic USE: Cerebral palsy Spatial perception UF: Motion perception BT: Perception RT: Environmental psychology Pattern perception Visual literacy Visual perception Speaking USE: Speech Speaking skills BT: Communication skills Special education USE: Special educational needs Special educational needs SN: The education of students with special needs in a way that addresses the students' individual differences and needs. Ideally, this process involves the individually planned and systematically monitored arrangement of teaching procedures, adapted equipment and materials, accessible settings, and other interventions designed to help learners with special needs achieve a higher level of personal self-sufficiency and success in school and community than would be available if the student were only given access to a typical classroom education. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) UF: Additional educational needs SEN Special education Special needs BT: [Special educational needs and learning difficulties] NT: Communication difficulties Conductive education Disadvantage Emotional and behavioural difficulties Individual education plans Integration (mainstreaming) Learning difficulties Normalisation (education) Statements (special educational needs) RT: Diagnostic testing Enrichment (curriculum) Exceptional children Screening Special educational needs coordinators Special schools Special educational needs coordinators UF: SEN coordinators SENCOs BT: Educational personnel RT: Educational management Heads of departments Integration (mainstreaming) Parents and schools Special educational needs Subject coordinators Special measures BT: Reorganisation of education Special needs USE: Special educational needs Special schools SN: Schools for pupils unable to benefit from normal schooling. Contrast Exceptional schools. BT: Schools NT: Community home schools Hospital schools RT: Special educational needs Special units Special units SN: Units for disruptive or remedial pupils within ordinary schools or working closely with them. UF: Pupil referral units BT: Grouping RT: Community home schools Disruptive behaviour Educational segregation Emotional and behavioural difficulties Learning support Special schools Specialist schools BT: Schools Specialists UF: Consultants Experts BT: Occupations RT: Managers Professional personnel Subject specialisation Specific learning difficulties USE: Learning disabilities Specimens (teaching aids) BT: Learning resources RT: Collections (teaching aids) Educational displays Realia (teaching aids) Spectators USE: Audiences Speech SN: Used for physiological or psychological treatment of the process of speech, not for Spoken language or Speech acts. UF: Oral communication Speaking BT: Communication skills Language NT: Conversation Oral expression Speech acts Voice care RT: Interpersonal communication Language difficulties Lipreading Listening Neurolinguistics Nonverbal communication Phonetics Speech therapy Speech acts SN: Minimal units of meaningful communication (from single words to sentences) that are conceptualised and produced in terms of particular functions (to question, command, warn, request, inform, explain, convince, compliment, apologise, promise, or similar). BT: Pragmatics Speech RT: Interpersonal communication Language behaviour Philosophy of action Philosophy of language Psycholinguistics Spoken language Speech days USE: Ceremonies Speech disorders USE: Language difficulties Speech education SN: Curriculum subject. UF: Elocution education BT: Language studies RT: Conversation education Drama education English studies Language and education Language difficulties Modern languages education Oral expression Speech therapy Speech therapy BT: Medical treatment RT: Language difficulties Paramedical personnel Speech Speech education Speed reading UF: Rapid reading BT: Reading RT: Readability Reading education Reading habit Silent reading Study methods Spelling UF: Orthography BT: [Literacy, reading and writing] RT: Abbreviations Alphabets Etymology Handwriting Literacy Morphology (linguistics) Spelling education Writing Writing systems Spelling education SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Language studies RT: Basic subjects English studies Functional literacy education Handwriting education Literacy education Mother tongue education Reading education Spelling Vocabulary education Spina bifida SN: A developmental congenital disorder caused by the incomplete closing of the embryonic neural tube. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) UF: Hydrocephalus BT: Disorders RT: Neurology Sick children Spiral curriculum SN: Curriculum in which students repeat the study of a subject at different grade levels, each time at a higher level of difficulty and in greater depth. BT: Curriculum RT: Learning style Sequential learning Spirituality USE: Religion and belief SPLD USE: Learning disabilities Spoken language SN: Language as it is spoken, rather than the process of speech. BT: Language RT: Colloquial language Conversation Dialects Direct method (teaching) Discourse analysis Oracy Oral composition Oral culture Oral expression Oral reading Phonetics Pragmatics Speech acts Written language Sponsorship USE: Financial support Sport UF: Games (sport) Sports BT: Human needs NT: Aquatic sports Athletics Ball games Combative sports Equestrian sports Gymnastics Sports coaching Winter sports RT: Clubs Competition Entertainment Exercise Playing fields Sports medicine Sports USE: Sport Sports centers USE: Sports facilities Sports centres USE: Sports facilities Sports coaching UF: Coaching (sports) BT: [Teaching and study] Sport RT: Physical education Sports facilities Sports medicine Sports facilities UF: Sports centers Sports centres BT: Leisure facilities NT: Gymnasia Playing fields Swimming pools RT: Clubs Educational facilities Playgrounds Sports coaching Sports management education USE: Leisure services studies Sports medicine BT: Medical sciences RT: Exercise Human biology Nutrition Physiological effects Physiotherapy Sport Sports coaching Spouse USE: Married women Spreadsheets BT: Computer applications RT: Data analysis Databases Financial administration Financial statements Information handling automation Information technology Information technology education Squash USE: Ball games Sri Lanka UF: Ceylon BT: South Asia RT: Commonwealth of Nations Hinduism Hindus Indic languages Indic studies Tamil language Staff development SN: Not used in relation to teachers, for which Teacher development is used. BT: [Labour and employment] NT: Corporate education Management development Teacher development RT: Advisory teachers Career development Educational leave Educational support services Inservice training Promotion (job) Sabbatical leave Teachers' centres Teachers' guides Training Staff student relations SN: Relationships between staff and students in tertiary level educational institutions. BT: Social psychology of education RT: Educational personnel Lecturers Organisational behaviour Student attitudes Student life Student participation Student teacher ratio Students Teacher expectations Staffco SN: Form term. BT: [Form terms] Stage USE: Theatre Stage management SN: Includes scenery, sets, costume, makeup, special effects. BT: Theatre RT: Ballet Dramatic presentation Film making Opera Stammering USE: Language difficulties Standard assessment tasks USE: SATs Standard of living SN: Standard of living refers to the level of wealth, comfort, material goods and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area. (Wikipedia, accessed November 2013) UF: Living standards BT: Economic conditions RT: Cost of living Home economics Human needs Income Income distribution Inflation Poverty Quality of life Wealth Welfare economics Standardisation UF: Comparability Moderation (assessment) Standardization BT: [Evaluation and assessment] NT: Standardised testing RT: Charters (specified standards) International standards Measures Quality control Reliability Standards Standards (specifications) Standardised testing SN: Assessment by means of standardised tests, (those for which content has been selected and checked empirically, norms have been established, uniform methods of administering them have been developed and scoring is done with a relatively high degree of objectivity). UF: Standardized testing BT: Educational assessment Standardisation RT: Criterion referenced assessment Diagnostic testing Norm referenced assessment Objective testing Rating Standardization USE: Standardisation Standardized testing USE: Standardised testing Standards SN: Quality or level of performance. BT: Norms NT: Charters (specified standards) International standards Professional standards Quality of education RT: Standardisation Standards (specifications) Standards (specifications) SN: Form term. Standard specifications or recommendations as from the International Standards Organisation, British Standards Institution. BT: [Form terms] RT: Charters (specified standards) International standards Patents Regulations Standardisation Standards Stanford-Binet test USE: Stanford Binet test Stanford Binet test UF: Stanford-Binet test BT: Testing Starvation USE: Famine State USE: Government State and education UF: Education and the state BT: Education NT: Alternative education Compulsory education Control of education Private education State education RT: Administration of education Democracy in education Educational planning Educational policy Educational policy making Educational systems Endowed schools Grant maintained schools Philosophy of education Politics and education Religion and state State intervention State education SN: Used only if work is about relationships, differences and/or relative merits of state and private education. Otherwise, if not simply about schools or other institutions (when the appropriate term/s is/are used), State and education is preferred. BT: State and education RT: Alternative education Compulsory education Private education Public sector State enterprises USE: Public enterprises State government (regional) USE: Regional government State intervention UF: Nationalisation Nationalization BT: Government RT: Collectivist economy Communism Politics and education Privatisation Public sector Socialism State and education State security UF: National security BT: Government RT: Censorship Defence Law enforcement Peace Police Secrecy Statements (special educational needs) SN: Statements prepared by a local education authority in respect of children identified as having special educational needs, indicating what special needs apply and what form of educational provision should be made for them. BT: Special educational needs RT: Diagnostic testing Individual education plans Integration (mainstreaming) Learning support Pupil placement Screening Statics USE: Mechanics Statistical analysis BT: Analysis Research methods NT: Cluster analysis Contingency analysis Correlation Factor analysis Multivariate analysis Regression analysis Significance testing Variance analysis RT: Curriculum analysis Data analysis Indicators Linguistic analysis Research results Statistical distributions Statistical inference Statistical tests Time series Statistical bibliography USE: Bibliometrics Statistical data SN: Form term. Used for published statistics. However for educational statistics, Statistics of education is used. UF: Statistical sources BT: [Form terms] NT: Qualitative data RT: Census Data collection Descriptive statistics Indicators Statistics Statistical design UF: Experimental design BT: Statistics NT: Mathematical models Sampling Time series RT: Decision theory (statistical) Experiments Research strategy Statistical distributions Statistical inference Statistical distributions BT: Statistics RT: Estimation Nonparametric statistics Probability Random processes Statistical analysis Statistical design Statistical tests Statistical education SN: Curriculum subject. UF: Statistics education BT: Mathematics education RT: Applied mathematics education Probability education Statistics Statistical inference BT: Statistics NT: Estimation Statistical tests RT: Decision theory (statistical) Forecasting Nonparametric statistics Probability Sampling Statistical analysis Statistical design Statistical methods USE: Statistics Statistical models USE: Mathematical models Statistical probability USE: Probability Statistical sources USE: Statistical data Statistical tests BT: Statistical inference NT: Significance testing RT: Estimation Nonparametric statistics Sampling Statistical analysis Statistical distributions Statistics SN: May be used with other subject term as appropriate (for example, Psychology, Sociology, Educational research, Social sciences). UF: Mathematical statistics Statistical methods BT: Mathematics NT: Decision theory (statistical) Descriptive statistics Nonparametric statistics Probability Statistical design Statistical distributions Statistical inference RT: Applied mathematics Biometrics Census Econometrics Graphic design Graphs Statistical data Statistical education Statistics education USE: Statistical education Statistics of education SN: Form term. Used for actual educational statistics. BT: [Form terms] RT: Classification of education Descriptive statistics Educational forecasting Educational institutions Educational population Educational systems Levels of education Statutory bodies SN: Includes quangos and similar bodies. BT: Government NT: Research councils RT: Administrative law Bureaucracy Civil service Government departments Government educational bodies National educational bodies Ombudsman Public administration Steiner education USE: Waldorf method of education Steiner Waldorf education USE: Waldorf method of education Steiner Waldorf schools USE: Waldorf method of education Stepchildren BT: Families Parentally deprived children RT: Adopted children Family relations Foster children Parent and child Stepparents Stepparents BT: Families RT: Family relations Parent and child Parents Stepchildren Stereotyping UF: Labeling (stereotyping) Labelling (stereotyping) BT: Social perception RT: Attribution Cultural bias Heterosexism Prejudice Racism Sexism Stimulus SN: In psychology, a stimulus is an energy pattern (such as light or sound) which is registered by the senses. In behaviorism and related stimulus–response theories, a stimulus constitutes the basis for behavior, whereas it constitutes the basis for perception in perceptual psychology. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Behaviour Perception RT: Conditioning Discrimination learning Perceptual motor processes Reinforcement Response Stochastic processes USE: Random processes Stock revision (libraries) BT: Library administration RT: Acquisitions (libraries) Book selection Document relegation Library stock Story USE: Narrative Story telling UF: Storytelling BT: Teaching methods RT: Fairy tales Fiction Folklore Legends Library extension work Listening education Narrative Nursery rhymes Storytelling USE: Story telling Streaming USE: Ability grouping Stress UF: Stress (Psychological) BT: Mental health RT: Anger Anxiety Depression Fear Grief Heart disease Psychosomatic disorders Suffering Teaching load Voice care Working conditions Stress (Psychological) USE: Stress Stress physiology USE: Physiological effects Strikes USE: Industrial conflict Stringed instruments BT: Musical instruments Structural learning SN: Theory of learning situations in which firstly, prior knowledge of the learner and secondly, the relatively complex and/or structured nature of the material learned are emphasised. BT: Learning RT: Associative learning Sequential learning Structural linguistics SN: Any approach which pays explicit attention to the way in which linguistic features can be described in terms of structures and systems BT: Linguistics RT: Grammar Linguistic analysis Structuralism Systemic linguistics Structuralism SN: The belief that phenomena of human life are not intelligible except through their interrelations. These relations constitute a structure, and behind local variations in the surface phenomena there are constant laws of abstract culture. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Philosophical schools RT: Existentialism Functionalism Holism Literary criticism Philosophy of social science Poststructuralism Structural linguistics Student accommodation BT: Housing RT: Hostels Student life Students Student assistants SN: Students assisting in the educational process, for example international students helping to teach foreign languages through conversation classes. UF: Assistants (teaching) BT: Educational personnel Paraprofessional personnel Students RT: Monitorial system Peer tutoring Student teachers Teachers Teaching assistants Student attitudes SN: Attitudes of tertiary education students. BT: Attitudes Students RT: Parent attitudes Pupil attitudes Staff student relations Student life Student participation Student politics Student unrest Teacher attitudes Student centered curriculum USE: Learner centred curriculum Student centered methods USE: Learner centred methods Student centred curriculum USE: Learner centred curriculum Student centred methods USE: Learner centred methods Student life UF: Student sociology BT: Students RT: Customer care Educational welfare Staff student relations Student accommodation Student attitudes Student mobility Student organisations Student participation Student politics Student unrest Student mobility SN: Movement of students between institutions. BT: Mobility in education NT: Educational exchanges Joint study programmes Study abroad RT: Academic mobility Educational credits International education International students Student life Students abroad Wastage in education Student movements USE: Student politics Student organisations UF: Student organizations BT: [Educational organisations] RT: Student life Student participation Student politics Students Youth organisations Student organizations USE: Student organisations Student participation SN: Participation by students in management or administrative activities at tertiary level educational institutions. BT: Educational management Participation RT: Democracy in education Pupil participation Staff student relations Student attitudes Student life Student organisations Student politics Student politics UF: Student movements BT: Politics and education RT: Political participation Pressure groups Student attitudes Student life Student organisations Student participation Student unrest Youth movements Student profiles USE: Profiles in education Student progress (achievement) USE: Achievement Student projects USE: Projects (teaching method) Student rags USE: Ceremonies Student records USE: Educational records Student sociology USE: Student life Student teacher ratio SN: At post-school level UF: Teacher student ratio BT: Class size RT: Pupil teacher ratio Staff student relations Teacher supply Teaching load Student teachers BT: Students Teachers RT: Student assistants Teacher education Teaching practice Student unrest BT: Students RT: Political violence Social conflict Social protest Student attitudes Student life Student politics Students SN: Students at tertiary level educational institutions. Used to refer to students in post-compulsory education (and also includes 16-19 year olds who are in non-school based education, e.g. sixth form colleges, further education) BT: [Learners, teachers and educational personnel] NT: Alumni Graduates International students Mature students Part time students Research students Student assistants Student attitudes Student life Student teachers Student unrest Students abroad Undergraduates RT: Break in studies Pupils Staff student relations Student accommodation Student organisations Young adults Students abroad SN: Used with country name to signify diaspora of students from that country to elsewhere. BT: Students RT: Educational exchanges Employment abroad International education International schools International students Joint study programmes Student mobility Study abroad Teaching abroad Study abroad SN: Concept of people receiving all or part of their education overseas, possibly considering the effect on the educational, social or economic situation at home (for example, overseas training affecting development in the Third world). BT: Courses Student mobility RT: Brain drain Educational exchanges Employment abroad International students Students abroad Study tours Transnational education Study centers for distance learners USE: Study centres for distance learners Study centres for distance learners SN: Includes the use of local support services for distance education programmes (such as for the Open University). UF: Study centers for distance learners BT: Educational facilities RT: Adult education institutions Community centres Distance education Flexible study Individual study Open colleges Open universities Teachers' centres Study methods UF: Study skills BT: [Teaching and study] NT: Assignments Classwork Homework Independent study groups Individual study Library work (study method) Oral work Practical studies Study periods Theses and dissertations (examination method) Written work RT: Speed reading Study visits Study periods BT: Study methods RT: Individual study School time Timetables Study skills USE: Study methods Study tours SN: Educational travel abroad. UF: Cruises (teaching method) BT: Courses Tourism RT: Educational exchanges Educational visits Ship schools Study abroad Study visits Study visits SN: Visits made by academic or related personnel to other academic institutions, often abroad. Contrast Educational visits or Study tours. BT: Academic mobility RT: Educational exchanges Educational leave Educational visits Sabbatical leave Study methods Study tours Stuttering USE: Language difficulties Stylistics USE: Literary style Subconscious USE: Unconscious Subcultures SN: Cultural variants or characteristic patterns of behaviour peculiar to a social group or category within a larger society BT: Culture RT: Communities Cultural environment Cultural identity Cultural isolation Cultural pluralism Culture and education Group differences Interpersonal influence Minority groups Peer groups Popular culture Social groups Social influence Sociology of culture Subject cataloguing USE: Subject indexing Subject choice UF: Subject options BT: Curriculum NT: Subject specialisation RT: Aptitude Career choice Educational guidance Educational opportunity Enrichment (curriculum) Learner centred curriculum Optional curriculum Subject coordinators SN: Primary school teachers with specialist knowledge of a specific national curriculum subject area, responsible for the coordination and development of that subject throughout the school; analogous to heads of departments in secondary schools BT: Teachers RT: Advisory teachers Deputy head teachers Educational management Head teachers Heads of departments Special educational needs coordinators Subject indexing UF: Subject cataloguing BT: Document description RT: Classification Content analysis Terminology Subject options USE: Subject choice Subject specialisation SN: Can apply to people or organisations. May be used in educational context. UF: Subject specialization BT: Subject choice RT: Curriculum Optional curriculum Specialists Vocational education Subject specialization USE: Subject specialisation Subliminal perception BT: Perception RT: Suggestion Unconscious Substance abuse BT: Social problems NT: Alcohol abuse Drug abuse Substitute teachers USE: Supply teachers Sudan BT: East Africa RT: Arab countries English speaking Africa Islamic countries South Sudan Suffering SN: The word suffering is sometimes used in the narrow sense of physical pain, but more often it refers to mental or emotional pain, or more often yet to pain in the broad sense, (to any unpleasant feeling, emotion or sensation). The word pain usually refers to physical pain, but it is also a common synonym of suffering. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) UF: Distress BT: Emotion NT: Pain RT: Grief Oppression Self injurious behaviour Stress Suicide Suffolk reading scale BT: Testing Suffrage UF: Electoral systems Voting systems BT: Politics RT: Civil and political rights Democracy Elections Political participation Sufism SN: Sufism is defined by its adherents as the inner, mystical dimension of Islam. Muslims and mainstream scholars of Islam define Sufism as simply the name for the inner or "esoteric" dimension of Islam which is supported and complemented by outward or "exoteric" practices of Islam, such as Islamic law. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Modern religions RT: Islam Muslims Mysticism Suggestion UF: Mental suggestion BT: Mental health RT: Hypnosis Illusions Parapsychology Sleep Subliminal perception Unconscious Suicide BT: Death RT: Death psychology Depression Euthanasia Homicide Self injurious behaviour Suffering Summative evaluation SN: Evaluation at the conclusion of a project, activity, or the development of a product or service to determine its effectiveness BT: Evaluation RT: Curriculum evaluation Educational assessment Evaluation of education Formative evaluation Qualitative evaluation Summer schools SN: Short courses usually held at a university or similar institution during the summer vacation. BT: Adult education institutions RT: Extension education Holiday schools Open colleges Open universities Residential courses Short courses Sunday schools BT: Religious schools RT: Christianity and education Out of school education Parochial schools Religious development Religious education Roman Catholic schools Superannuation USE: Pensions Superintendents (academic) USE: Directors (academic) Superiority complex UF: Emotional superiority BT: Traits RT: Authoritarianism Inferiority complex Locus of control Self esteem Supervision BT: Management RT: Accreditation Discipline Inspection Probation and induction Professional tutors Teaching practice Training Supplementary education SN: Education provided out of school hours, either by ethnic minority groups to teach their own language and culture not provided for by the regular school programme, or to compensate for educational disadvantages BT: Out of school education RT: Compensatory education Cultural identity Disadvantage Enrichment (curriculum) Ethnic groups Language of instruction Limited English speakers Minority groups Multicultural education Supply and demand UF: Market forces BT: Economic conditions Social concepts RT: Consumption Industrial production Inflation Labour market Market research Marketing Marketisation of education Teacher supply Trade Supply teachers SN: A person who teaches a school class when the regular teacher is unavailable, (because of illness, personal leave, or other reasons). Substitute teacher (usually abbreviated as sub) is the most commonly used phrase in the United States, India and Ireland, while supply teacher is the most commonly used term in Canada and Great Britain. Common synonyms for substitute teacher include relief teacher or casual teacher (used in Australia and New Zealand) and emergency teacher (used in the United States). Other terms, such as guest teacher, are also used by some schools or districts. Regional variants in terminology are common, such as the use of the term teacher on call (T.O.C.) in the Canadian province of British Columbia and occasional or supply teacher in the Canadian province of Ontario. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) UF: Substitute teachers BT: Teachers RT: Part time teachers Visiting teachers Surgeons USE: Doctors Surgery BT: Medical sciences Medical treatment NT: Brain surgery RT: Anaesthetics Medical equipment Medical technology Suriname BT: South America RT: Latin America Surrogacy SN: Process whereby a woman undertakes pregnancy and childbirth on behalf of natural parents following in vitro fertilisation and implantation. BT: Reproduction RT: Childbirth Embryology Fertilisation Pregnancy Surveying SN: Measuring and examining land and buildings. BT: Measurement RT: Architecture Buildings Built environment Cartography Civil engineering Land use Space utilisation Urban planning Surveying education USE: Civil engineering education Surveys BT: Fieldwork NT: Retrospective surveys RT: Interviews (research method) Questionnaires Sampling Suspended sentences USE: Noncustodial punishment Suspension USE: Exclusion Sustainable development SN: Sustainable development refers to a mode of human development in which resource use aims to meet human needs while ensuring the sustainability of natural systems and the environment, so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for generations to come. (Wikipedia, accessed October 2013) BT: Economic and social development RT: Energy conservation SVQ USE: Scottish Vocational Qualifications SVQ's USE: Scottish Vocational Qualifications Swahili-speaking peoples UF: Swahili (African people) BT: Africans RT: Comoros East Africa Kenya Mayotte Mozambique Swahili language Tanzania Swahili (African people) USE: Swahili-speaking peoples Swahili language BT: African languages RT: East Africa Kenya Mayotte Mozambique Swahili-speaking peoples Tanzania Swaziland BT: Southern Africa RT: Commonwealth of Nations English speaking Africa Sweden BT: Scandinavia RT: Swedish language Swedish language BT: European languages Indo-European languages RT: Sweden Swimming BT: Aquatic sports Leisure activities RT: Swimming pools Swimming pools BT: Sports facilities RT: Educational facilities Swimming Switching circuits USE: Logic and switching circuits Switzerland BT: Western Europe RT: French studies Syllabus construction SN: Actual construction of a concrete syllabus promulgated in written form. BT: Curriculum RT: Curriculum analysis Curriculum development Curriculum evaluation Examinations Examining bodies Instructional design Lesson planning Set books Syllabuses Syllabuses SN: Form term. Used for published syllabuses (such as agreed syllabuses of religious education). Used with appropriate subject term. BT: [Form terms] RT: Syllabus construction Symbolic interaction SN: Sociological theory stressing the importance of social meanings which derive from social interaction and are modified by an interpretative process used by persons in dealing with things encountered. BT: Sociology RT: Attribution Cognitive social psychology Ethnomethodology Hermeneutics Phenomenology Social interaction Social perception Symbolic languages SN: Languages using symbols used to aid communication with people who have difficulty communicating by the usual linguistic means. BT: Languages RT: Nonverbal communication Semiotics Sign language Writing systems Symbolic learning BT: Learning RT: Associative learning Concept learning Semiotics Symbolic processes Symbols Symbolic processes SN: Processes of cognitive representation or imagery. UF: Imagery (cognitive process) Representation (cognition) Representation (cognitive) BT: Cognition RT: Analytical psychology Conceptualisation Imagination Memory Semiotics Symbolic learning Symbols Symbols BT: Communication RT: Analytical psychology Pattern perception Semiotics Signs Symbolic learning Symbolic processes Synonyms UF: Antonyms BT: Vocabulary RT: Abbreviations Thesauri Syntax USE: Grammar Synthetic phonics USE: Phonics Syria BT: Middle East RT: Arab countries Assyrian civilisation Islamic countries Systemic linguistics SN: Theories emphasising the organisation of language as a systemic network of patterned relationships BT: Linguistics RT: Grammar Linguistic analysis Structural linguistics Systems theory Systems analysis SN: Examination of the interrelated elements of any organisation, structure, procedure, or similar to improve the functioning of the system as a whole. BT: Research methods RT: Curriculum analysis Economic analysis Management techniques Models Network analysis Operations research Organisation development Planning Systems theory Systems theory UF: General systems theory BT: Theory RT: Holism Systemic linguistics Systems analysis TA USE: Transactional analysis Table tennis BT: Ball games Indoor games Tactile perception USE: Touch Tactile reading aids BT: Reading NT: Braille system Moon System of Embossed Reading RT: Blindness Touch Visual impairments Tadzhikistan USE: Tajikistan Tagging USE: Document description Tai USE: Thai language Taiwan BT: East Asia RT: China Chinese language Chinese people Chinese studies Tajikistan UF: Tadzhikistan BT: Central Asia RT: Former Soviet republics Islamic countries Soviet Union Tamil language BT: South Asian languages RT: India Indians Sri Lanka Tamil studies Tamil studies BT: Asian studies Modern languages education RT: Tamil language Tanzania BT: East Africa RT: Commonwealth of Nations English speaking Africa Swahili-speaking peoples Swahili language Zanzibar Taoism SN: Taoism is a philosophical and religious tradition that emphasises living in harmony with the Tao. The term Tao means way, path or principle, and can also be found in Chinese philosophies and religions other than Taoism. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) UF: Daoism BT: Modern religions RT: Asia China East Asia Vietnam Task analysis USE: Tasks (learning) Tasks (learning) SN: Analysis of all the elements that must be done successfully to carry out an activity. UF: Task analysis BT: Learning RT: Instructional design Item analysis Learning style Problem solving Procedural knowledge Teaching methods Test analysis Work study Taste SN: Sense of taste, including taste perception. UF: Taste perception BT: Perception Sensory systems RT: Smell Taste perception USE: Taste Taxation BT: Government RT: Public finance Taxonomy SN: The academic discipline of defining groups on the basis of shared characteristics and giving names to those groups. Each group is given a rank and groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a super group of higher rank and thus create a hierarchical classification. USE: Classification Teacher aides USE: Teaching assistants Teacher appraisal SN: Appraisal of teachers in schools. In tertiary sector, Lecturers and Performance appraisal are used. UF: Teacher evaluation BT: Performance appraisal Teachers RT: Inservice teacher education Probation and induction Teacher development Teacher effectiveness Teacher attitudes SN: Attitudes of teachers. In tertiary sector, used with Lecturers. BT: Attitudes Teachers RT: Parent attitudes Parents and schools Pupil attitudes Student attitudes Teacher expectations Teacher pupil relations Teaching skills Teacher development SN: Processes and means for staff development and professional growth for teachers BT: Staff development Teachers RT: Career development Inservice teacher education Probation and induction Reflective practice Teacher appraisal Teacher education Teacher effectiveness Teacher education UF: Initial teacher training Preservice teacher education Teacher training BT: Teachers Vocational education NT: Inservice teacher education Teaching practice RT: Articled teachers Education studies Licensed teachers Probation and induction Probationary teachers Schools of education Student teachers Teacher development Teachers' centres Teachers' guides Teacher education colleges SN: Colleges concerned only, or very largely, with courses for the professional education of teachers. BT: Higher education institutions RT: Advanced further education Central institutions Colleges of higher education Liberal arts colleges Polytechnics Schools of education Teachers' centres University colleges Vocational colleges Teacher effectiveness UF: Effective teaching BT: Teaching RT: Achievement Classroom interaction Classroom management Performance Quality of education Teacher appraisal Teacher development Teaching skills Teaching styles Teacher evaluation USE: Teacher appraisal Teacher expectations SN: Expectations of teachers about their pupils BT: Expectations Teacher pupil relations RT: Ability Achievement Aptitude Classroom interaction Classroom management Staff student relations Teacher attitudes Teacher librarians BT: Educational personnel RT: Lecturers Librarians Media resources officers Teachers Teacher participation SN: Parts which teachers play in concrete activities or situations. Contrast Teacher role. BT: Educational management Participation RT: Continuous assessment Democracy in education Internal assessment Parent participation Parent teacher organisations Participatory research Pupil participation School organisation Teacher pupil ratio USE: Pupil teacher ratio Teacher pupil relations SN: Relationships between teachers and pupils, either face to face in the teaching situation, or more generally. BT: Social psychology of education NT: Classroom interaction Teacher expectations RT: Educational environment Group dynamics Parents and schools Teacher attitudes Teacher role Teaching skills Teacher role SN: Used for sociological or social psychological treatment of the role and status of the teacher. BT: Role Teachers RT: Culture and education Professional status Sociology of education Teacher pupil relations Teaching profession Teacher student ratio USE: Student teacher ratio Teacher supply SN: Usually from a macroeconomic point of view. BT: Labour market RT: Articled teachers Class size Labour shortages Licensed teachers Probation and induction Pupil teacher ratio Student teacher ratio Supply and demand Teaching load Teacher training USE: Teacher education Teacher tutors USE: Professional tutors Teachers BT: Educational personnel NT: Advisory teachers Articled teachers Careers teachers Deputy head teachers Foreign teachers Head teachers Licensed teachers Married teachers Men teachers Part time teachers Probation and induction Probationary teachers Student teachers Subject coordinators Supply teachers Teacher appraisal Teacher attitudes Teacher development Teacher education Teacher role Teaching load Visiting teachers Women teachers RT: Guidance officers Lecturers Literacy workers Student assistants Teacher librarians Teachers' centres Teachers' guides Tutors Teachers' centers USE: Teachers' centres Teachers' centres SN: Centres for further inservice training, professional development or general support of practising teachers. UF: Teachers' centers BT: Adult education institutions RT: Educational support services Inservice teacher education Resource centres Schools of education Staff development Study centres for distance learners Teacher education Teacher education colleges Teachers Teachers' guides SN: Form term. Used for works aiming to give teachers guidance for specific situations for which they may need expertise which they may not automatically possess as teachers (for example, sports or other outdoor pursuits, audiovisual or computer technology, multicultural religious understanding). BT: Guides RT: Staff development Teacher education Teachers Teaching BT: [Teaching and study] NT: Teacher effectiveness Teaching abroad Teaching methods Teaching skills Teaching styles Teaching systems RT: Educational psychology Educational technology Learning Teaching abroad SN: Used with country term to signify teachers from that country going abroad to teach. BT: Employment abroad Teaching RT: Academic mobility Educational aid Foreign teachers International schools Students abroad Teaching aids USE: Instructional materials Teaching assistants SN: Qualified or unqualified persons assisting in the instructional process UF: Aides (teaching) Teacher aides Teaching auxiliaries BT: Educational personnel Paraprofessional personnel RT: Laboratory staff Monitorial system Peer tutoring Play leaders Student assistants Teaching auxiliaries USE: Teaching assistants Teaching English to speakers of other languages USE: ESOL education Teaching load BT: Teachers RT: Class size Conditions of employment Pupil teacher ratio Stress Student teacher ratio Teacher supply Timetables Voice care Working conditions Teaching machines SN: Devices that mechanically, electrically and/or electronically present teaching programmes at a rate controlled by the learners' resposes BT: Instructional materials RT: Audiovisual instruction Computer assisted learning Interactive video in education Language laboratories Multimedia Programmed instruction Teaching materials USE: Instructional materials Teaching methods BT: Teaching NT: Activity methods Audiovisual instruction Blended learning Communicative competence Competency based education Demonstrations (lessons) Diagnostic teaching Direct method (teaching) Discussions Distance education Dramatic presentation Educational games Experiments (lessons) Explanation Flexible study Group work Heuristic method Immersion programmes Individualised instruction Learner centred methods Lectures Lessons Mastery learning Projects (teaching method) Questioning (teaching method) Role playing Seminars Story telling Team teaching Topic method Tutored video instruction Tutorials Tutoring RT: Classroom interaction Instructional objectives Resource based learning Tasks (learning) Teaching skills Teaching styles Teaching systems Teaching practice UF: Practice teaching BT: Practical training Teacher education RT: Articled teachers College school cooperation Licensed teachers Microteaching Probation and induction Professional tutors Student teachers Supervision Teaching profession SN: Used for teaching as a profession, professional organisation, social control, sociology of professions perspectives and similar. BT: Professions NT: Academic freedom RT: Freedom Inservice teacher education Probation and induction Professional associations Professional ethics Professional standards Professional status Teacher role Teaching skills BT: Skill Teaching NT: Microteaching RT: Lesson planning Teacher attitudes Teacher effectiveness Teacher pupil relations Teaching methods Teaching styles Teaching styles BT: Teaching RT: Instructional design Learning style Teacher effectiveness Teaching methods Teaching skills Teaching systems Teaching systems BT: Teaching NT: Dalton plan HighScope system Monitorial system Montessori system Portage system Waldorf method of education RT: Instructional design Teaching methods Teaching styles Team teaching SN: A team of teachers, from one or more subject specialisms, working together with one group of learners UF: Cooperative teaching Group teaching BT: Teaching methods RT: Cooperation in education Group work Open education Teamwork Teamwork BT: Group behaviour RT: Cooperation Cooperation in education Cooperative planning Group dynamics Leadership Team teaching Technical colleges SN: Tertiary level institutions, at times with secondary courses, offering training for occupations at a level between the skilled trades and the professions. BT: Further education institutions RT: Central institutions Community colleges County colleges Junior colleges Polytechnics Sixteen to nineteen education Sixth form colleges Technical education Technical schools Technological institutes Tertiary colleges Vocational colleges Technical drawing BT: Drawing RT: Architecture Computer aided design and manufacture Design Technical drawing education Technical drawing education BT: Science education RT: Architecture education Design and technology education Design education Engineering education Graphic arts education Technical drawing Technical education SN: Formal education designed to provide the knowledge and skills underlying production or other technical processes, with a wider connotation than vocational education at secondary or higher level BT: Science education RT: Academic education Education with production Further education Industrial studies Polytechnical education Prevocational education Technical colleges Technical schools Unified curriculum Technical schools SN: Secondary schools with a strong bias towards technical education set up under the tripartite system of the 1944 Education Act (England and Wales). May also cover similar schools of earlier date. BT: Secondary schools RT: Comprehensive schools Grammar schools Language colleges Secondary modern schools Technical colleges Technical education Technology colleges Vocational colleges Technicians BT: Educational personnel RT: Laboratory staff Maintenance staff Paraprofessional personnel Skilled workers Technologists Technological change UF: Technological development BT: Change NT: Inventions RT: Agricultural development Future studies History of science Industrial development Industrial sociology Science forecasting Scientific development Technology transfer Technological cooperation USE: Scientific cooperation Technological development USE: Technological change Technological institutes UF: Technological universities BT: Universities RT: Academies of science Central institutions Polytechnics Research centres Technical colleges University institutes Technological institutions USE: Scientific institutions Technological personnel USE: Scientific personnel Technological research USE: Scientific research Technological universities USE: Technological institutes Technologists BT: Scientific personnel RT: Brain drain Engineers Scientists Technicians Technology Technology BT: Science NT: Agriculture Appropriate technology Automation Chemical technology Design Engineering Fisheries Food technology Forestry Glass Inventions Medical technology Metals Paper Pottery Printing Robotics Rubber Space technology Technology transfer Textiles Woodwork RT: Data processing Technologists Technology administration USE: Science administration Technology colleges SN: Specialist secondary schools, developed during the mid 1990s (UK), in which emphasis is placed on science, technology and mathematics: a development of the City technology colleges programmes. BT: Secondary schools RT: City technology colleges Comprehensive schools Grammar schools Language colleges Magnet schools Technical schools Technology education BT: Science education NT: Agricultural education Biotechnology education Chemical technology education Computer education Design and technology education Engineering education Food technology education Forestry education Information technology education RT: Future studies Science and society studies Technology policy USE: Science policy Technology transfer SN: Transfer of technological development or knowledge from an original application to other settings. UF: Transfer of techniques BT: Technology RT: Agricultural development Appropriate technology Dissemination of information Educational transfer Industrial development Technological change Teenagers USE: Adolescents Telecommunication SN: The science and practice of transmitting information by electromagnetic means using technologies such as telephones, Internet, radio, teleprinter, telegraph etc. The increasing use of radio and microwave communications, orbiting satellites and the Internet are all leading to the increasing importance of mobile telecommunication technologies. UF: Telecommunications BT: Communication Information technology NT: Internet Radio Remote sensing Satellite technology Teleconferencing Telephone RT: Broadcasting Communication media Computer mediated communication Telecommunications USE: Telecommunication Teleconference USE: Teleconferencing Teleconferencing SN: Conducting conferences at dispersed locations by means of television and other means of telecommunication. The live exchange and mass articulation of information among several persons and machines remote from one another but linked by a telecommunications system ... The telecommunications system may support the teleconference by providing one or more of the following: audio, video, and/or data services by one or more means, such as telephone, computer, telegraph, teletypewriter, radio, and television. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). UF: Audio conference Audio conferencing Augmented Reality conferencing Internet teleconference Internet teleconferencing Phone conference Phone conferencing Skype Teleconference Teleseminar Video conference Video conferencing Videoconference Videoconferencing Web conference Web conferencing Webconference Webconferencing BT: Group communication Telecommunication RT: Computer mediated communication Computer networks (technical apsects) Congresses Internet Radio Telephone Television Video recording Telemetry USE: Remote sensing Telepathy USE: Parapsychology Telephone UF: Telephone communications systems BT: Telecommunication RT: Interpersonal communication Teleconferencing Videotex Telephone communications systems USE: Telephone Teleseminar USE: Teleconferencing Teletext USE: Videotex Television UF: TV BT: Broadcasting NT: Cable television Children's television Closed circuit television Educational television Television documentaries Television drama Television films Television news Television programmes Television studies RT: Broadcasting personnel Cinema Teleconferencing Videotex Television and radio personnel USE: Broadcasting personnel Television documentaries UF: TV documentaries BT: Television RT: Documentary films Television news Television drama UF: TV drama BT: Drama Television Television films UF: TV films BT: Television Television news UF: TV news BT: Television RT: News films Newspapers Television documentaries Television programmes SN: Name of individual programme may be added in subject field. UF: Television programs TV programmes TV programs BT: Television RT: Entertainment Films Television programs USE: Television programmes Television studies SN: Curriculum subject. UF: TV studies BT: Media studies Television RT: Film studies Temperament USE: Personality Temporary employment programmes USE: Employment programmes Temporary employment programs USE: Employment programmes Tennis BT: Ball games Tenure SN: Recognition of a right to continue in a post until retirement. BT: Conditions of employment RT: Academic freedom Dismissal Probation and induction Professors Retirement Termination of pregnancy USE: Abortion Terminology UF: Naming Nomenclature Onomatology BT: Language NT: Educational terminology RT: Classification Conceptual analysis Lexicography Semantics Subject indexing Thesauri Typology Vocabulary Tertiary colleges SN: SPECIFIC HISTORICAL CONCEPT. Colleges for students above the minimum school leaving age, offering further education courses as well as those normally studied in sixth forms. BT: Further education institutions RT: Community colleges County colleges Junior colleges Sixteen to nineteen education Sixth form colleges Sixth forms Technical colleges Vocational colleges Tertiary education SN: Level of education following secondary education, regardless of course duration or the type of awards gained. UF: Postcompulsory education Postsecondary education Third stage education BT: Levels of education NT: Adult education Further education Higher education RT: College school cooperation Secondary education Tertiary education institutions Tertiary education institutions SN: Management and building aspects only. Otherwise use Tertiary education. BT: Educational institutions NT: Adult education institutions Art colleges Folk high schools Further education institutions Higher education institutions RT: College school cooperation Secondary schools Tertiary education University and college histories TESOL USE: ESOL education Test analysis BT: Evaluation of education RT: Item analysis Tasks (learning) Testing Test items SN: Used for works about individual items in tests or examinations. BT: Testing RT: Examination papers Item analysis Item banking Puzzles Testing SN: Educational or psychological tests. Works about specific tests or specific programmes of testing (rather than general works for which 'Educational assessment' is used). Includes works on all tests or testing in an educational setting and also various tests which may be outside an educational setting but which we view as being integral to the educational process including language, reading, writing, and numeracy. Tests or testing of children in any context or for any purpose are also covered by this term. UF: Educational testing Educational tests Language testing Language tests Numeracy testing Numeracy tests Psychological testing Psychological tests Reading testing Reading tests Writing testing Writing tests BT: Educational assessment NT: Binet Simon test Bristol social adjustment guides Burt's reasoning test IELTS test Kuhlmann Binet test Lowenfeld mosaic test Merrill Palmer test Myers Briggs test Pre-verbal communication schedule Reynell developmental language scales Rorschach test SAT (United States) SATs Stanford Binet test Suffolk reading scale Test items Wechsler adult intelligence scale Wechsler intelligence scale for children RT: Examinations Experiments Measures Rating Test analysis Text SN: The representation of written language BT: [Literacy, reading and writing] RT: Citations Content analysis Written language Textbook provision BT: Textbooks RT: Book availability Book development Book production Book selection Textbooks SN: Works about textbooks. For form term, use School textbooks. BT: Books Instructional materials NT: Textbook provision RT: Instructional design Readability Textiles SN: Includes textile technology. UF: Cloth BT: Materials science Technology RT: Chemical technology Clothing Manufacturing industries Thai language UF: Tai BT: Southeast Asian languages RT: Thai studies Thailand Thai studies SN: Learning and teaching all aspects of Thai language, life or culture. BT: Modern languages education RT: Thai language Thailand Thailand UF: Siam BT: Southeast Asia RT: Thai language Thai studies The 3 R's USE: Basic subjects The East USE: East The Internet USE: Internet The Left USE: Left (political) The Right USE: Right (political) The three R's USE: Basic subjects The Web USE: Internet The West USE: West Theater USE: Theatre Theatre UF: Playhouse Stage Theater BT: Performing arts NT: Stage management RT: Acting Cinema Drama Drama education Entertainment Opera Plays Puppetry Theology BT: Religion NT: Religious doctrines RT: Ministers of religion Philosophy of religion Religious belief Religious systems Sacred texts Theology education Theology education BT: Religious education RT: Christianity and education Ministers of religion Philosophy education Theology Theories SN: Used for surveys of different theories in a particular subject. BT: [Research, information and theory] RT: Models Philosophy Theory Theory SN: Process of theory construction and refinement. BT: [Research, information and theory] NT: Causality Chaos theory Economic theory Educational theory Hermeneutics Legal theory Management theory Personal construct theory Political theory Social theory Systems theory RT: Models Philosophy Theories Theory of knowledge USE: Epistemology Theory of management USE: Management theory Therapeutic documents USE: Bibliotherapy Thesauri SN: Form term. Controlled indexing languages. UF: Descriptor languages Indexing languages BT: [Form terms] RT: Abbreviations Dictionaries Synonyms Terminology Theses SN: Form term. Used for theses produced for research degrees. BT: [Form terms] RT: Dissertations Theses and dissertations (examination method) Theses and dissertations (examination method) SN: Usage of theses or dissertations as an examination method BT: Study methods Written work RT: Dissertations Examinations Postgraduate education Proposal writing Report writing Reports Theses Thinking UF: Thought processes BT: Cognition NT: Reasoning RT: Artificial intelligence Cognitive process instruction Conceptualisation Consciousness Human information processing Intuition Philosophy of mind Problem solving Remembering Thinking education USE: Cognitive process instruction Third stage education USE: Tertiary education Thought processes USE: Thinking three-day measles USE: Rubella Three R's USE: Basic subjects Thrillers USE: Crime fiction Time BT: Physics NT: School time RT: Chronology Sociology of time Time management Time perception Time series Timetables Time management BT: Management RT: Self regulation Sociology of time Time Time perception Timetables Time perception SN: Perception of duration, simultaneity, or succession in the passage of time. BT: Perception RT: Self regulation Sociology of time Time Time management Time series BT: Statistical design RT: Forecasting Longitudinal studies Random processes Statistical analysis Time Time study USE: Work study Timetables BT: School time RT: Academic year Curriculum analysis Multishift systems Open education Sociology of time Study periods Teaching load Time Time management Timidity USE: Shyness Timor-Leste UF: East Timor BT: Southeast Asia RT: Islands Small states Tobacco abuse USE: Smoking Tobacco addiction USE: Smoking Togo BT: West Africa RT: French speaking Africa Yoruba language Yoruba studies Tokelau BT: Polynesia RT: Islands Small states Tolerance BT: Traits RT: Attitudes Cooperation Freedom Freedom of expression Impartiality Liberalism Prejudice Tonga UF: Friendly Islands BT: Polynesia RT: Commonwealth of Nations Islands Small states Topic method BT: Teaching methods RT: Activity methods Integrated humanities studies Integrated studies Interdisciplinary curriculum Projects (teaching method) Topology SN: Mathematical study of shapes and spaces. It is an area of mathematics concerned with the properties of space that are preserved under continuous deformations including stretching and bending, but not tearing or gluing. (Wikipedia, accessed February 2014) UF: Homology BT: Mathematics RT: Network analysis Total quality management SN: A management strategy aiming to maximise the use of human resources, with a theme of continuous improvement, institution wide, involving a methodology of prevention and attempting to get operations right first time. UF: Quality circles Quality improvement teams BT: Management RT: Customer care Organisation development Personnel management Quality assessment Quality assurance Quality audit Totalitarianism SN: Political system in which the state holds total authority over the society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life wherever possible. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). UF: Absolutism Dictatorship Fascism Nazism BT: Comparative politics Political theory RT: Coercion Communism Holocaust Oppression Totemism USE: Primitive religions Touch UF: Tactile perception BT: Perception Sensory systems RT: Pain Somaesthetic perception Tactile reading aids Tourette's USE: Tourette syndrome Tourette's disorder USE: Tourette syndrome Tourette's syndrome USE: Tourette syndrome Tourette syndrome UF: Gilles de la Tourette syndrome GTS Tourette's Tourette's disorder Tourette's syndrome Tourettes Tourettes disorder Tourettes syndrome TS BT: Disorders Tourettes USE: Tourette syndrome Tourettes disorder USE: Tourette syndrome Tourettes syndrome USE: Tourette syndrome Tourism UF: Tourist industry Travel industry BT: Leisure activities Service industries NT: Study tours RT: Foreigners Holiday schools Vacations Tourism education USE: Leisure services studies Tourist industry USE: Tourism Town and country planning USE: Environmental planning Town planning USE: Urban planning Towns USE: Urban areas Toxic substances UF: Poisons BT: Pollution control Safety RT: Allergies Cancer Disasters Disorders Pollution Safety measures Toys BT: Play RT: Children's games Educational games Indoor games Instructional materials Learning resources Play therapy Puppetry Puzzles Tracking (ability grouping) USE: Ability grouping Trade UF: Commerce BT: Economics NT: Distributive trade International trade Marketing RT: Business economics Consumption Contracts Supply and demand Trade union education USE: Trade union studies Trade union studies UF: Trade union education BT: Labour studies Trade unions BT: Labour movement RT: Associations Collective bargaining Educational associations Industrial conflict Industrial democracy Industrial relations Industrial sociology Professional associations Traditional cultures BT: Culture RT: Cultural change Cultural history Cultural identity Cultural imperialism Cultural isolation Cultural pluralism Customs and traditions Oral culture Primitive cultures Social anthropology Sociology of culture Traditional education Traditional music Traditional curriculum BT: Curriculum RT: Core curriculum History of education Traditional education SN: Particularly in developing countries UF: Indigenous education BT: [Interaction between education and its social context] RT: Basic education Community development Community education Development education Home education Nonformal education Out of school education Traditional cultures Traditional music BT: Music RT: Cultural identity Folk music National music Traditional cultures Trainability USE: Educability Trainers (staff) USE: Training officers Training SN: Instructional process aimed at the acquisition of defined skills relating to particular functions or activities BT: [Labour and employment] NT: Apprenticeship Basic training Industrial training Inservice training Job training Practical training Retraining Work based learning RT: GNVQs NVQs Qualifications Skill Staff development Supervision Vocational education Training and enterprise councils SN: Regional bodies established under the leadership of employers to promote and develop employer sponsored training and operate government provided training programmes. BT: Regional educational bodies RT: Business education liaison Cooperation in education Cooperative education Employers Employment programmes Enterprises Industrial training Retraining Training officers SN: Persons responsible for organising training in industry or other employment. UF: Industrial training officers Industrial tutors Trainers (staff) BT: Educational personnel RT: Apprenticeship Guidance officers Industrial training Inservice training Job training Traits UF: Character traits Personality traits BT: Personality NT: Adjustment Aggression Assertiveness Cognitive style Conformity Courage Creativity Cruelty Curiosity Dependence Dominance Empathy Femininity Independence Inferiority complex Locus of control Masculinity Nonconformity Optimism Self regulation Shyness Sociability Superiority complex Tolerance RT: Competition Continuity Personal construct theory Resilience Tramps USE: Vagrants Transactional analysis SN: An integrative approach to the theory of psychology and psychotherapy. It is described as integrative because it has elements of psychoanalytic, humanist and cognitive approaches. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). UF: TA BT: Psychotherapy Transexuals USE: Transsexualism Transfer SN: Influence that an existing or newly learned habit, skill or idea exerts on the acquisition, performance or relearning of another similar characteristic. BT: Learning RT: Aptitude Associative learning Feedback (learning) Generalisation Interference Learning style Sequential learning Transfer of techniques USE: Technology transfer Transferable personal skills USE: Core skills Transfers (education) USE: Educational progress Transformational grammar SN: A generative grammar in which transformational rules relate the surface structures and deep structures of sentences BT: Generative grammar RT: Language acquisition Semantics Transgenderism USE: Transsexualism Transgenders USE: Transsexualism Transition from school to work USE: School to work transition Transjordan USE: Jordan Translation BT: Language RT: Applied linguistics Bilingualism Contrastive linguistics Foreign languages Interpreters Interpreting Languages for specific purposes Linguistics Literary composition Translations Translations BT: Books RT: Adaptations Translation Transnational education SN: Education that transcends national borders by the exchange of people, e.g. by students travelling to study at an international branch campus, as part of a study abroad program or as part of a student exchange program BT: International education RT: Study abroad Transport BT: Services NT: Driving School transport RT: Communication Freedom of movement Human needs Regional planning Transport engineering Transport engineering BT: Engineering RT: Aerospace engineering Civil engineering Marine engineering Military engineering Motor industry Transport Transsexualism SN: Transsexualism describes the condition in which an individual identifies with a gender inconsistent or not culturally associated with their assigned sex, i.e. in which a person's assigned sex at birth conflicts with their psychological gender. (Wikipedia, accessed November 2013) UF: Transexuals Transgenderism Transgenders Transsexuals BT: Sexuality RT: Heterosexism Homosexuality Sex role Sexual development Sexual practices Transsexuals USE: Transsexualism Travel BT: Leisure activities Travel industry USE: Tourism Travelers' education USE: Travellers' education Travelers (itinerants) USE: Travellers (itinerants) Travellers' education UF: Gypsy education Nomad education Travelers' education BT: Disadvantage RT: Gypsies Itinerant workers Migrant education Mobile schools Nomads Travellers (itinerants) Travellers (itinerants) SN: People who travel from place to place with no fixed home. UF: Travelers (itinerants) BT: [Peoples and cultures] RT: Gypsies Itinerant workers Migrant workers Migration Nomads Travellers' education Treaties USE: International instruments Trees BT: Plants RT: Botany Forestry Paper Rubber Woodwork Trigonometry (examination subject) BT: Mathematics (examination subject) Trinidad and Tobago BT: West Indies RT: Commonwealth of Nations Islands Trisomy 21 USE: Down's syndrome Tropical diseases BT: Diseases RT: Developing countries Immunisation Infectious diseases Troubled children USE: Emotional and behavioural difficulties Truancy SN: Deliberate absence from school without adequate reason, often with a deviant or antisocial connotation. Not used in the same way as School refusal. BT: Administration of education RT: Alternative education Attendance Children's problems Deschooling Disruptive behaviour Dropouts Educational welfare Emotional and behavioural difficulties Runaways Wastage in education Trust Territory of the Pacific BT: Micronesia RT: Islands Trusts UF: Charitable trusts BT: Organisations NT: Educational foundations RT: Associations Financial support Grants Voluntary organisations Truth UF: Falsity BT: Moral concepts RT: Epistemology Knowledge Logic Metaphysics Pragmatism Relativism Validity TS USE: Tourette syndrome Tuition fees BT: Economics of education RT: Educational vouchers Grants Loans Professional status Wages Tunisia BT: Mediterranean countries North Africa RT: Arab countries French speaking Africa Islamic countries Turkey BT: Mediterranean countries Middle East RT: Assyrian civilisation Byzantine civilisation Islamic countries Turkish language Turkish language BT: Asian languages European languages RT: Turkey Turkmenistan BT: Central Asia RT: Former Soviet republics Islamic countries Soviet Union Turks and Caicos Islands BT: West Indies RT: Islands Tutored video instruction SN: Teaching technique which involves recording lectures and/or demonstrations on video and sending out videos to students with notes for study at home, work or study centre, often with help from a local tutor who may be in touch with the original lecturer. BT: Teaching methods RT: Distance education Extension education Flexible study Individual study Individualised instruction Open colleges Open universities Tutorials Tutorial colleges SN: Independent colleges concerned with intensive coaching for school level examinations aimed at students from abroad or indigenous students behind in their studies (for example, from illness). BT: Further education institutions RT: Educational progress International students Tutoring Tutorials BT: Teaching methods RT: Discussions Group work Lectures Lessons Seminars Tutored video instruction Tutoring Tutors Tutoring SN: Private intensive teaching, usually of a single student. Not used for coaching in the modern sense of mentoring. UF: Coaching Cramming Intensive teaching Private tuition BT: Teaching methods RT: Individualised instruction Learning support Peer tutoring Tutorial colleges Tutorials Tutors Tutors SN: People whose role is confined to tutoring. BT: Educational personnel RT: Lecturers Teachers Tutorials Tutoring Tuvalu BT: Micronesia RT: Commonwealth of Nations Gilbert and Ellice Islands Islands Small states TV USE: Television TV documentaries USE: Television documentaries TV drama USE: Television drama TV films USE: Television films TV news USE: Television news TV programmes USE: Television programmes TV programs USE: Television programmes TV studies USE: Television studies Twilight areas USE: Depressed areas Twins BT: Siblings RT: Birth order Heredity Twitter USE: Social media Typing USE: Secretarial work Typing education USE: Office studies Typography USE: Printing Typology BT: Research methods RT: Classification Comparative analysis Conceptual analysis Indicators Knowledge Models Rating Sociology of knowledge Terminology Uganda BT: East Africa RT: Commonwealth of Nations English speaking Africa UK USE: Great Britain Ukraine BT: Eastern Europe RT: Former Soviet republics Soviet Union Unconscious UF: Subconscious BT: Mental health RT: Analytical psychology Consciousness Defence mechanisms Dreams Hypnosis Inhibitions Parapsychology Philosophy of mind Psychoanalysis Sleep Subliminal perception Suggestion Underachievers USE: Low achievement Undergraduate courses BT: Courses RT: Degrees Postgraduate education Undergraduates Undergraduate education SN: Undergraduate education is an education level taken in order to gain one's first tertiary degree. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Higher education Undergraduate students USE: Undergraduates Undergraduates UF: Freshers (students) Undergraduate students BT: Students RT: Graduates Undergraduate courses Underprivileged USE: Disadvantage Understanding USE: Comprehension Unemployed USE: Unemployment Unemployment UF: Unemployed BT: Employment RT: Community service Dismissal Employment programmes Employment services Informal economy Job sharing Labour market Poverty Reemployment Youth unemployment Unified curriculum SN: Curriculum (typically upper secondary, post school leaving or 16-plus qualification) which provides equal access to academic and vocational strands for the same students within the same curriculum and timetabling system. BT: Curriculum RT: Academic education Curriculum relevance Optional curriculum Sixteen to nineteen education Technical education Upper secondary education Vocational education Unified vocational preparation USE: Prevocational education Union of Soviet Socialist Republics USE: Soviet Union United Arab Emirates BT: Middle East RT: Arab countries Islamic countries United Kingdom USE: Great Britain United States UF: US USA BT: North America RT: Black people Chinese people Hispanic Americans Italian Americans Mexican Americans Native Americans North American studies Puerto Rico United States studies USE: North American studies United States Virgin Islands UF: Virgin Islands (US) BT: Leeward Islands Units (courses) USE: Modular courses Universal primary education SN: Primary education for all, regardless of age, sex, ethnic group, ability or wealth. The second goal in the United Nations Millennium Development Goal is to achieve Universal Primary Education, more specifically, to “ensure that by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling." Currently, there are more than 75 million children around the world of primary school age who are not in school. The majority of these children are in regions of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia and within these countries, girls are at the greatest disadvantage in receiving access to education at the primary school age. Since the Millennium Development Goals were launched, many developing countries, such as China, Chile, Cuba, Singapore and Sri Lanka, have successfully completed a campaign towards universal primary education. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: Educational opportunity RT: Basic education Compulsory education Developing countries Equal education Primary education Right to education Universities BT: Higher education institutions NT: International universities Open universities Schools of education Technological institutes University colleges University institutes RT: Academies of science Colleges of higher education University and college histories University extension Universities of the air USE: Open universities Universities without walls USE: Open universities University and college histories SN: Form term. Used for histories of individual institutions. BT: [Form terms] RT: School histories Tertiary education institutions Universities University colleges University colleges SN: Colleges of university rank, prior to actual university status. BT: Universities RT: Central institutions Colleges of higher education Liberal arts colleges Polytechnics Teacher education colleges University and college histories University extension SN: Department of university for local short or part time courses in academic subjects. UF: Extramural studies (universities) BT: Extension education RT: Part time courses Universities University institutes BT: Universities RT: Academies of science Research centres Schools of education Technological institutes University libraries USE: Academic libraries Unmarried couples BT: Families RT: Family law Illegitimacy Marriage Unmarried fathers Unmarried mothers Unmarried fathers BT: Families Fathers RT: Family problems Family relations Illegitimacy Men One parent families Unmarried couples Unmarried mothers BT: Families Mothers RT: Family problems Family relations Illegitimacy Married women Mother and child One parent families Unmarried couples Unskilled workers USE: Manual workers Upper class UF: Aristocracy BT: Social class RT: Class consciousness Elites Middle class Power Social mobility Upper secondary education SN: Secondary education for those aged approximately 16-18, above the minimum school leaving age, typically in schools or sixth form colleges. Also used with Examinations to index those examinations typically taken at this age, such as GCE A-level, AS-level or the International Baccalaureate (with addition of identifier for name of examination if appropriate). BT: Secondary education RT: Academic education CPVE Further education GNVQs Junior colleges Middle secondary education Sixteen to nineteen education Sixth form colleges Sixth forms Unified curriculum Upper Volta USE: Burkina Faso Urban areas UF: Cities Towns BT: Human geography NT: Depressed areas Inner cities New towns Residential areas Slums RT: Regional characteristics Urban development Urban education Urban planning Urban sociology Urban studies Urbanisation Urban development BT: Economic and social development Human geography NT: Urban planning RT: Community development Developing countries Environmental planning Industrial development Land use New towns Regional planning Slums Urban areas Urban sociology Urbanisation Water supply Urban education SN: Education in urban areas UF: Inner city education BT: Sociology of education RT: Compensatory education Educational priority areas Inner cities Magnet schools Multicultural education Rural education Urban areas Urban sociology Urban studies Urban planning UF: City planning Town planning BT: Environmental planning Urban development RT: Architecture Built environment Economic and social planning Environmental design Inner cities New towns Regional planning Residential areas Surveying Urban areas Urban sociology BT: Sociology RT: Built environment Housing Inner cities New towns Residential areas Social conditions Urban areas Urban development Urban education Urban studies Urbanisation Urban studies SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Sociology education RT: Environmental education Industrial studies Local studies Rural studies Social studies Urban areas Urban education Urban sociology Urbanisation UF: Urbanization BT: Regional characteristics RT: Developing countries Economic and social development Industrial development Inner cities Slums Urban areas Urban development Urban sociology Urbanization USE: Urbanisation Urdu language BT: Indic languages South Asian languages RT: Hindi language Indians Pakistan Pakistanis Urdu studies BT: Indic studies RT: Pakistan Pakistanis Uruguay BT: South America RT: Latin America US USE: United States USA USE: United States Usage SN: Usage is the manner in which written and spoken language is used. H. W. Fowler's Dictionary of Modern English Usage "defines usage as 'points of grammar, syntax, style, and the choice of words'". The Oxford Dictionary of English defines usage as "the way in which a word or phrase is normally and correctly used." But the word's meaning can be ambiguous. It can mean "the way people actually use language" or it can mean "the way one group of people feel other people ought to use it." (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). BT: Language USSR USE: Soviet Union Utilitarianism SN: Utilitarianism is a theory in normative ethics holding that the proper course of action is the one that maximizes utility, usually defined as maximizing happiness and reducing suffering. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). BT: Moral philosophy Philosophical schools RT: Moral concepts Political theory Utopia SN: An ideal community or society possessing highly desirable or perfect qualities. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013). BT: Political theory RT: Anarchism Uzbekistan BT: Central Asia RT: Former Soviet republics Islamic countries Soviet Union Vacations UF: Holidays BT: Conditions of employment RT: Academic year Holiday schools Leisure Sabbatical leave School time Tourism Vaccination USE: Immunisation Vagrants UF: Tramps BT: Social problems RT: Hostels Validation SN: Monitoring or approval by a supervisory body of the degrees or other examinations or qualifications awarded by examining bodies. BT: Evaluation of education RT: Accreditation Degrees Diploma mills Diplomas Educational credits Equivalences Examinations Examining bodies Franchising in education Inspection Qualifications Validity BT: Social concepts RT: Correlation Logic Reliability Truth Value BT: Social concepts RT: Aesthetics Educational values Moral philosophy Moral values Relativism Value judgment Values education Value added analysis SN: Methods of evaluating the performance of educational institutions by taking into account the prior attainment of their students, in order to assess the value added in terms of progress made during time as a student at the institution concerned. UF: Value added assessment Value added modeling BT: Evaluation of education RT: Achievement Educational input Educational output League tables Performance Performance indicators Quality of education Value added assessment USE: Value added analysis Value added modeling USE: Value added analysis Value judgement USE: Value judgment Value judgment UF: Value judgement BT: Judgment RT: Aesthetics Moral philosophy Value Values education Values education SN: Curriculum subject. Education about values in a non-moral, or general (not specifically moral) context. BT: Humanities education RT: Affective education Citizenship education Controversial issues (subject matter) Human rights education Liberal education Moral education Moral values Religious education Value Value judgment Vandalism UF: Hooliganism Malicious damage BT: Social problems RT: Aggression Disruptive behaviour Violence Vanuatu UF: New Hebrides BT: Melanesia RT: Commonwealth of Nations Islands Small states Variance analysis UF: Analysis of variance BT: Statistical analysis RT: Correlation Significance testing Vatican City UF: Holy See BT: Western Europe RT: Roman Catholicism Small states Venereal diseases USE: Sexually transmitted diseases Venezuela BT: South America RT: Latin America Ventilation BT: Building services RT: Electrical equipment Ergonomics Venture scouts USE: Youth organisations Verbal behavior USE: Language behaviour Verbal behaviour USE: Language behaviour Verbal learning BT: Learning RT: Language and education Language behaviour Memorisation Rote learning Serial learning Vernacular languages SN: Indigenous languages of a given area. Compare with Community languages. BT: Modern languages RT: Bilingualism Colloquial language Community languages Creoles Dialects Foreign languages Language policy Mother tongue education Pidgins Sociolinguistics Vertical grouping SN: Learning groups of pupils drawn vertically from more than one age group or year intake. BT: Grouping RT: Group work Mixed ability grouping Multiple classes Nongraded schools One teacher schools Veterinary education BT: Medical education RT: Agricultural education Animals (teaching aids) Veterinary medicine Zoology education Veterinary medicine BT: Medical sciences RT: Animals Veterinary education Zoology Vice-chancellors USE: Directors (academic) Video conference USE: Teleconferencing Video conferencing USE: Teleconferencing Video recording SN: Used for the process of recording. BT: Audiovisual materials RT: Closed circuit television Educational broadcasting Educational television Interactive video in education Multimedia Teleconferencing Video recordings SN: Used for works about recordings (for example use of video recordings in the classroom). BT: Audiovisual materials RT: Educational films Educational video Entertainment Interactive video in education Sound recordings Videoconference USE: Teleconferencing Videoconferencing USE: Teleconferencing Videotex SN: Covers teletext (information pages broadcast for reception on television) and viewdata (information pages received on television by telephone link from computers). UF: Teletext Viewdata BT: Audiovisual materials RT: Information technology Online information retrieval Telephone Television Vietnam BT: Southeast Asia RT: Communist countries Taoism Vietnamese language Vietnamese people Vietnamese language BT: Southeast Asian languages RT: Vietnam Vietnamese people Vietnamese people BT: Ethnic groups RT: Vietnam Vietnamese language Viewdata USE: Videotex Viewers USE: Audiences Village schools USE: Rural education Villages BT: Communities Rural areas RT: Residential areas Rural development Rural education Rural sociology Violence UF: Assault Mugging BT: Social problems RT: Aggression Cruelty Hate Homicide Political violence Racial harassment Self protection Vandalism Virgin Islands (UK) USE: British Virgin Islands Virgin Islands (US) USE: United States Virgin Islands Virtual environments USE: Virtual reality Virtual reality SN: Virtual reality (VR), sometimes referred to as immersive multimedia, is a computer-simulated environment that can simulate physical presence in places in the real world or imagined worlds. (Wikipedia, accessed March 2014) UF: Virtual environments Virtual worlds BT: Information technology RT: Computer games Computer simulation Virtual worlds USE: Virtual reality Virtue and vice USE: Moral concepts Viruses USE: Microbiology Vision USE: Sight Visiting teachers UF: Itinerant teachers Peripatetic teachers BT: Teachers RT: Mobile schools Part time teachers Supply teachers Visits (teaching method) USE: Educational visits Visual arts BT: Arts NT: Fine arts Handicrafts Reproductive arts RT: Art education Art galleries Art therapy Artists Visual materials Visual perception Visual impairments BT: Disorders Physical disability NT: Blindness Partial vision RT: Braille system Multiple disabilities Perceptual motor disorders Sight Tactile reading aids Visual learning BT: Learning RT: Multisensory learning Perceptual motor learning Sight Visual literacy Visual perception Visual literacy SN: Skill in visual and spatial thought and information processing. UF: Graphicacy BT: Learning Perceptual motor skills RT: Basic skills Graphic arts Graphic arts education Graphic design Mathematical ability Spatial perception Visual learning Visual materials SN: Used in information or library context. In educational context, use Audiovisual instruction or Audiovisual aids. BT: Audiovisual materials NT: Cartoons Graphs Maps Signs RT: Audiovisual aids Instructional materials Visual arts Visual perception UF: Color perception Colour perception BT: Perception RT: Blindness Colour Partial vision Pattern perception Sight Spatial perception Visual arts Visual learning Visualisation USE: Imagination Visualization USE: Imagination Viva voce examinations USE: Oral examinations Vocabulary BT: Language NT: Abbreviations Synonyms RT: Dictionaries Etymology Lexicography Morphology (linguistics) Place names Semantics Terminology Vocabulary education Vocabulary education BT: Language studies RT: Conversation education English studies Grammar education Linguistics education Modern languages education Mother tongue education Reading education Spelling education Vocabulary Vocal music UF: Choral music Operatic music Singing BT: Music NT: Songs RT: Choir schools Opera Oral expression Religious music Vocational colleges SN: Management and buildings aspects only, otherwise use Vocational education. Used with appropriate curriculum term to specify institutions such as agricultural or military colleges. BT: Further education institutions NT: Junior instruction centres RT: Central institutions Colleges of higher education Higher education institutions Polytechnics Teacher education colleges Technical colleges Technical schools Tertiary colleges Vocational education SN: Formal education designed to prepare for any skilled vocation, profession or employment, at any level. UF: Professional education BT: [Subjects of instruction] NT: Hairdressing education Library studies Medical education Military studies Nautical studies Nursing education Police education Social work education Teacher education RT: Academic education Apprenticeship Cooperative education Corporate education Education for working life Education with production Employment GNVQs NVQs Subject specialisation Training Unified curriculum Vocational guidance UF: Careers guidance BT: Pastoral care RT: Career choice Careers education Counselling Educational guidance Employment and education Employment services Guidance officers Job expectation Job hunting Vocational guidance services USE: Youth employment services Vocational preparation USE: Prevocational education Vocationalisation of education SN: Curriculum change towards a more vocational or practical emphasis in general schooling, typically at secondary level. Therefore, Secondary education is not added, but term may be used with narrower, or other terms for level of education. UF: Vocationalization of education BT: Curriculum RT: Academic education Aims of education Business and education City technology colleges Cooperative education Corporate education CPVE Diversification of education General education GNVQs Industry and education Language colleges NVQs Practical skills education Vocationalization of education USE: Vocationalisation of education Voice care SN: Appropriate care (and, if necessary, medical treatment) for the voice by teachers or lecturers to prevent its damage or deterioration. BT: Medical treatment Speech RT: Communication difficulties Lectures Oral expression Stress Teaching load Volcanoes BT: Disasters Geology RT: Earthquakes Volition USE: Will Volleyball USE: Ball games Voluntary education bodies USE: Voluntary educational bodies Voluntary educational bodies UF: Private education organisations Private education organizations Private educational organisations Private educational organizations Voluntary education bodies BT: [Educational organisations] Voluntary organisations NT: Youth organisations RT: Educational associations Educational foundations National educational bodies Voluntary organisations UF: Voluntary organizations BT: Organisations NT: Voluntary educational bodies RT: Associations Learned societies Professional associations Trusts Voluntary work Voluntary organizations USE: Voluntary organisations Voluntary work SN: Voluntary work for social, educational, medical or similar causes. BT: Social action RT: Community service Employment Labour Social work Voluntary organisations Voodoo USE: Magic Voting systems USE: Suffrage Vouchers for education USE: Educational vouchers Vouchers in education USE: Educational vouchers W3 USE: Internet Wages UF: Equal pay Fees (wages) Minimum wage Minimum wages Pay (wages) Salaries BT: Conditions of employment RT: Collective bargaining Income Pensions Tuition fees Waldorf education USE: Waldorf method of education Waldorf method of education SN: Waldorf education (also known as Steiner education) is the largest independent alternative education movement in the world. Waldorf education is based on anthroposophy, a spiritual philosophy developed by Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925). UF: Steiner education Steiner Waldorf education Steiner Waldorf schools Waldorf education BT: Teaching systems Wales SN: Most works on the UK or British Isles should be sought by means of the appropriate subjects heading/s rather than geographical ones. BT: Great Britain RT: Welsh language Welsh studies Wallcharts USE: Pictures Wallis and Futuna Islands BT: Polynesia RT: France French language Islands War UF: Armed conflict BT: International conflict NT: Civil war Nuclear warfare RT: Armed forces Arms control Defence Foreign relations Military engineering Occupied territories Pacifism Peace Peace making War relief work USE: Disaster relief work Wastage in education UF: Educational wastage BT: Administration of education RT: Academic mobility Attendance Brain drain Dropouts Educational population School leavers School refusal Student mobility Truancy Water BT: Natural resources RT: Hydrology Water supply Water treatment Water engineering USE: Hydraulic engineering Water sports USE: Aquatic sports Water supply UF: Irrigation BT: Hydraulic engineering RT: Agricultural development Hydrology Natural resources Rural development Sanitation Urban development Water Water treatment Water treatment UF: Chlorination Fluoridation BT: Environmental management RT: Chemical technology Hygiene Pollution control Public health Water Water supply Weakness of will USE: Moral concepts Will Wealth BT: Finance RT: Capital Income Income distribution Poverty Social class Standard of living Wealth distribution USE: Income distribution Weather BT: Meteorology Web 2.0 USE: Social media Web conference USE: Teleconferencing Web conferencing USE: Teleconferencing Webconference USE: Teleconferencing Webconferencing USE: Teleconferencing Weblogs USE: Social media Wechsler adult intelligence scale BT: Testing Wechsler intelligence scale for children UF: WISC BT: Testing Welfare USE: Social welfare Welfare administration USE: Social administration Welfare economics SN: Branch of economics that uses microeconomic techniques to evaluate economic well-being. BT: Economics RT: Economic and social planning Economic sociology Microeconomics Public finance Social administration Social policy Social security Social welfare Standard of living Welfare services USE: Social services Welsh Baccalaureate BT: Qualifications Welsh language BT: European languages Indo-European languages RT: Celtic studies Wales Welsh studies Welsh studies SN: Learning and teaching of all aspects of Welsh language, life or culture. BT: Celtic studies Modern languages education RT: Wales Welsh language West SN: Used for works about the political, economic and military alliance of countries (such as member states of NATO and OECD), and the values and ideologies of the western society these nations are said to sustain and defend. UF: The West BT: International relations RT: Developing countries East West Africa BT: Africa NT: Benin Burkina Faso Cape Verde Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast Liberia Mali Mauritania Niger Nigeria São Tome and Principe Senegal Sierra Leone Togo Western Sahara RT: Cameroon Hausa language Hausa studies Yoruba language West Germany USE: Germany (Federal Republic) West Indians SN: West Indian community in UK. UF: Caribbean people BT: Ethnic groups RT: Minority groups Rastafarianism West Indies West Indies UF: Caribbean BT: Americas NT: Bahamas Cayman Islands Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Haiti Jamaica Leeward Islands Netherlands Antilles Puerto Rico Trinidad and Tobago Turks and Caicos Islands Windward Islands RT: Belize Rastafarianism Small states West Indians Western Europe SN: Used for countries of the European Union prior to 2004. BT: Europe NT: Austria Belgium France Germany Gibraltar Great Britain Greece Ireland Italy Liechtenstein Luxembourg Malta Monaco Netherlands Portugal San Marino Scandinavia Spain Switzerland Vatican City RT: Germany (Federal Republic) Western Sahara SN: This former Spanish colonly (which was known as Spanish Sahara) is disputed between Morocco, which is in de facto control of most of the country, and the Polisario Front and its self-proclaimed Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, which has a government-in-exile based in Algeria. BT: West Africa RT: Arab countries Islamic countries Mauritania Morocco North Africa Western Samoa SN: Name changed to Samoa in 1990 BT: [Former states and territories] RT: Polynesia Samoa Westerns (films) BT: Films White people UF: Whites BT: Ethnic groups NT: White writers RT: Elites Minority groups White people in literature White people in literature SN: White people as literary subject matter, not as authors, for which White writers is used. BT: Literature RT: Literary history White people White writers White writers BT: White people Writers RT: Literary composition White people in literature Whites USE: White people Wholesale trade USE: Distributive trade Widows BT: Women RT: Death psychology Grief Married women Wikipedia USE: Social media Wikis USE: Social media Wild children USE: Feral children Wild life USE: Nature Wildlife protection USE: Conservation of nature Will SN: Volition or will is the cognitive process by which an individual decides on and commits to a particular course of action. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) UF: Volition Weakness of will BT: Cognition RT: Decision making Free will Intention Philosophy of action Philosophy of mind Self regulation WIMP interfaces (computers) USE: Graphical user interfaces Wind instruments BT: Musical instruments NT: Brass instruments Woodwind instruments Windsurfing USE: Aquatic sports Windward Islands BT: West Indies NT: Barbados Grenada Martinique Saint Lucia Saint Vincent RT: Islands Winter sports UF: Curling Ice hockey Skating Skiing BT: Sport Wireless USE: Computer networks (technical apsects) WISC USE: Wechsler intelligence scale for children Witchcraft USE: Magic Withdrawal of labor USE: Industrial conflict Withdrawal of labour USE: Industrial conflict Wives USE: Married women Women BT: Population NT: Girls Lesbianism Married women Mothers Widows Women teachers Women writers RT: Adults Femininity Feminism Women's studies Women in literature Women's education SN: Used to refer to women in post-compulsory education (and also includes 16-19 year olds who are in non-school based education, e.g. sixth form colleges, further education) BT: Gender and education RT: Coeducation Discrimination in education Educational opportunity Equal education Feminism Girls Girls' education Girls' schools Men's education Single sex education Women's employment Women's studies Women's employment BT: Employment NT: Women teachers RT: Division of labour Employment and education Home employment Housewives Housework Part time employment Reemployment Women's education Women's studies Women writers Women's rights BT: Human rights RT: Antisexist education Civil and political rights Family law Feminism Human rights education Maternity provisions Right to education Sex discrimination Sex equality Women's studies Women's studies SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Sociology education RT: Antisexist education Feminism Human rights education Women Women's education Women's employment Women's rights Women in literature Women writers Women in literature SN: Women as literary subject matter, not as authors, for which Women writers is used. BT: Literature RT: Femininity Literary history Women Women's studies Women writers Women teachers BT: Teachers Women Women's employment Women writers BT: Women Writers RT: Literary composition Women's employment Women's studies Women in literature Women’s liberation movement USE: Feminism Woodcraft folk USE: Youth organisations Woodwind instruments BT: Wind instruments Woodwork UF: Carpentry BT: Technology RT: Furniture Machine tools Materials science Sculpture Trees Woodwork education Woodwork (examination subject) BT: Examination papers Woodwork education BT: Design and technology education RT: Art education Handicrafts Metalwork education Practical skills education Woodwork Word processing BT: Computer applications RT: Data processing Desktop publishing Information handling automation Information technology education Office studies Report writing Secretarial work Words (morphology) USE: Morphology (linguistics) Work USE: Labour Work at home (employment) USE: Home employment Work based learning BT: Training RT: Apprenticeship Inservice training Work experience SN: Used for periods of employment experience for those attending secondary education. BT: [Labour and employment] Experience RT: Break in studies Education for working life Education with production Employment and education Employment experience Work study SN: Detailed examination of the manner in which a particular job is performed, with a view to rationalising the performance and so increasing productivity. UF: Method study Time study BT: Management techniques RT: Ergonomics Industrial psychology Job evaluation Operations research Performance appraisal Performance indicators Productivity Tasks (learning) Workers BT: Personnel NT: Foreign workers Itinerant workers Manual workers Migrant workers Skilled workers Young workers RT: Employers Human capital Labour movement Workers' education Working class Workers' colleges SN: SPECIFIC HISTORICAL CONCEPT. BT: Adult education institutions RT: Further education institutions Lifelong education Workers' education Workers' education BT: Adult education RT: Armed forces education Basic training Education for working life Employment and education Folk high schools Industrial training Job training Labour studies Workers Workers' colleges Working men's colleges Workers’ control USE: Industrial democracy Workers’ participation USE: Industrial democracy Working class UF: Lower class Proletariat BT: Social class RT: Class consciousness Labour movement Middle class Popular culture Social mobility Workers Working conditions BT: Employment NT: Occupational safety and health RT: Building design Conditions of employment Ergonomics Industrial psychology Industrial relations Job satisfaction Productivity Self employment Stress Teaching load Working memory USE: Short term memory Working men's colleges SN: SPECIFIC HISTORICAL CONCEPT. BT: Adult education institutions RT: Further education institutions Lifelong education Workers' education Working population USE: Human capital Working to rule USE: Industrial conflict Workshops SN: Practical departments in educational institutions for woodwork, metalwork or similar subjects. BT: Educational buildings RT: Design and technology education Equipment Machine tools Metalwork education Practical studies Production engineering Workshops (teaching method) USE: Seminars World languages USE: International languages World Wide Web USE: Internet Worship USE: Religious practice Wrestling USE: Combative sports Writers UF: Authors BT: Literature NT: Black writers Children as writers Men writers Poets White writers Women writers RT: Artists Intellectuals Journalism Literary composition Publishing Writing Writing BT: [Literacy, reading and writing] Communication skills Language NT: Creative writing Handwriting Letter writing Proposal writing Punctuation Report writing RT: Copy preparation Copyright Epigraphy Journalism Literacy Literary composition Literature Palaeography Spelling Writers Writing education Writing systems Written language Writing ability USE: Child literacy Writing education UF: Composition education BT: Language studies RT: Children as writers Creative writing Handwriting education Literacy education Literary composition Report writing Writing Written examinations Written language Written work Writing systems SN: A system of visual symbols, recorded on paper or another medium, used to represent elements expressible in language. Characters may represent a word, morpheme or semantic unit, or a syllable. UF: Script systems BT: [Literacy, reading and writing] Linguistics RT: Alphabets Epigraphy Handwriting Palaeography Spelling Symbolic languages Writing Writing testing USE: Testing Writing tests USE: Testing Written examinations BT: Examinations RT: Children as writers Oral examinations Report writing Writing education Written work Written language SN: Written language refers to language in its written form - most commonly in the forms of reading and writing. It is the representation of language by means of a writing system. Written language is an invention in that it must be taught to children; children will pick up spoken language (oral or sign) by exposure without being specifically taught. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: [Literacy, reading and writing] Language RT: Creative writing Discourse analysis Literary composition Literature Spoken language Text Writing Writing education Written work Written work BT: Study methods NT: Theses and dissertations (examination method) RT: Children as writers Continuous assessment Oral work Writing education Written examinations Written language WWW USE: Internet Yachting USE: Aquatic sports Yemen SN: Yemen after unification. Used also for works covering both Yemens during the period of separation. BT: Middle East RT: Arab countries Islamic countries Yemen (Arab Republic) Yemen (People's Democratic Republic) Yemen (Arab Republic) SN: Pre-unification. UF: North Yemen BT: [Former states and territories] RT: Arab countries Islamic countries Middle East Yemen Yemen (People's Democratic Republic) Yemen (People's Democratic Republic) SN: Pre-unification. UF: South Yemen BT: [Former states and territories] RT: Arab countries Communist countries Islamic countries Middle East Yemen Yemen (Arab Republic) Yiddish language BT: European languages Indo-European languages RT: Jewish studies Yiddish studies USE: Jewish studies Yoruba language BT: African languages RT: Benin Nigeria Togo West Africa Yoruba studies Yoruba studies SN: Learning and teaching all aspects of Yoruba language, life or culture. BT: African studies Modern languages education RT: Benin Nigeria Togo Yoruba language Young adults SN: Very approximately 19 years of age upwards (next stage after Youth). BT: Adults RT: Adult psychology Students Young workers Youth Youth activities Youth employment Youth movements Youth organisations Youth studies Youth unemployment Youth work Young children SN: Approximately 3 - 8 years of age: nursery and infant or preschool and primary or pre-middle school. Compare Early childhood education. BT: Children RT: Early childhood development Early childhood education First schools Infant schools Infants Key stage 1 Nursery schools Older children Playgroups Preschool children Primary education Young school leavers USE: School leavers Young workers BT: Workers RT: School leavers School to work transition Young adults Youth Youth employment Youth work Youth SN: Very approximately 16-19 years of age: older adolescents or youth for the first few years after compulsory schooling (exact age may therefore vary from one country to another). Around the world, the terms youth, adolescent, teenager, kid, and young person are interchanged, often meaning the same thing, occasionally differentiated. Youth generally refers to a time of life that is neither childhood nor adulthood, but rather somewhere in-between. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) BT: [Children and families] Age groups RT: Adolescent development Apprenticeship School leavers Sixteen to nineteen education Young adults Young workers Youth activities Youth clubs Youth employment Youth movements Youth organisations Youth studies Youth unemployment Youth work Youth activities BT: Leisure activities Youth work RT: Adolescents Young adults Youth Youth clubs Youth leaders Youth movements Youth organisations Youth clubs BT: Clubs Youth organisations RT: Adolescents Leisure activities Youth Youth activities Youth leaders Youth work Youth courts USE: Juvenile courts Youth employment BT: [Children and families] Employment NT: Youth employment programmes Youth employment projects Youth employment services Youth unemployment RT: Break in studies Child labour Education for working life Employment and education School leavers School to work transition Sixteen to nineteen education Young adults Young workers Youth Youth employment programmes UF: Youth employment programs BT: Youth employment NT: YTS RT: Basic training Business education liaison Cooperative education Industry education liaison Job training Youth employment projects Youth unemployment Youth employment programs USE: Youth employment programmes Youth employment projects SN: Form term. Used for examples of work done on youth employment programme (such as YTS) placements. For works about, Youth employment programmes is used. BT: [Form terms] Youth employment RT: Youth employment programmes Youth unemployment Youth employment services UF: Careers services Vocational guidance services BT: Youth employment RT: Career choice Careers education Guidance officers Job hunting School to work transition Youth leaders BT: Educational personnel RT: Community leaders Play leaders Social workers Youth activities Youth clubs Youth organisations Youth work Youth movements BT: Social movements RT: Student politics Young adults Youth Youth activities Youth organisations Youth organisations UF: Beavers Boys brigade Brownies Cubs Girls brigade Guides (organisation) Guides (organization) Guiding (girls) Rainbows Rangers Scouting (boys) Scouts Sea cadets Venture scouts Woodcraft folk Youth organizations BT: Organisations Voluntary educational bodies NT: Youth clubs RT: Student organisations Young adults Youth Youth activities Youth leaders Youth movements Youth organizations USE: Youth organisations Youth service USE: Youth work Youth social work USE: Youth work Youth studies SN: Curriculum subject. BT: Sociology education RT: Adolescents Education studies Young adults Youth Youth work Youth Training Scheme USE: YTS Youth unemployment BT: Youth employment RT: Employment and education Graduate unemployment School to work transition Unemployment Young adults Youth Youth employment programmes Youth employment projects Youth work SN: Work for and/or with youth, in the youth service or in other ways. Youth work is community support activity aimed at older children and adolescents. Depending upon the culture and the community, different services and institutions may exist for this purpose. In the United Kingdom youth work is the process of creating an environment where young people can engage in informal educational activities. Different varieties of youth work include centre-based work, detached work, school-based work and religion based work. Throughout the United States and Canada, youth work is any activity that seeks to engage young people in coordinated programs, including those that are recreational, educational, or social by nature and design. (Wikipedia, accessed September 2013) UF: Youth service Youth social work BT: [Children and families] Social action NT: Youth activities RT: Adolescents Community work Out of school education Social work Young adults Young workers Youth Youth clubs Youth leaders Youth studies Youtube USE: Social media YTS UF: Youth Training Scheme BT: Youth employment programmes RT: Prevocational education Sixteen to nineteen education Yugoslavia SN: Yugoslavia federation until 1991, and the Serbia-Montenegro rump 1991-2003 BT: [Former states and territories] RT: Bosnia-Hercegovina Communist countries Croatia Eastern Europe Kosovo (Serbia) Macedonia Mediterranean countries Montenegro Serbia Serbia and Montenegro Serbocroatian language Serbocroatian studies Slovenia Zaire USE: Congo (Democratic Republic) Zambia BT: Southern Africa RT: Commonwealth of Nations English speaking Africa Zanzibar SN: Former British Protectorate then briefly an independent nation (December 1963 to April 1964) before merging with Tanganyika to form Tanzania in April 1964. BT: [Former states and territories] RT: East Africa English speaking Africa Islands Small states Tanzania Zen BT: Modern religions RT: Buddhism East Asia Japan Zimbabwe UF: Rhodesia BT: Southern Africa RT: English speaking Africa Zoology UF: Animal biology BT: Biology NT: Animal behaviour Animal rights Animals RT: Sociobiology Veterinary medicine Zoology education Zoology (examination subject) BT: Science (examination subject) Zoology education BT: Biology education RT: Agricultural education Animals Animals (teaching aids) Ecology education Environmental education Humane education Veterinary education Zoology